I 1A/ 6D AN AMERICAN SOIMR WHO WENT * * MIIHJMIYMPLY MACHINE: GUNNER.tflMNGIN F7WCE ?1*7 BY armu* urt inpct i; CHAPTER XXII. Punishments and Machine-Gun 8tunta. Boon after my nrrlval In France; In fact, from my enlistment, I had found ithat In the British army discipline Is very strict. One has to be very care 'ful In order to stay on the narrow path | of government virtue. There are about seven million ways I of breaking the king's regulations; to keep one you have to break another. The worst punishment Is death by a firing squad, or "up against the wall," as Tommy calls It. This Is for desertion, cowardice, mu tiny, giving Information to the enemy, looting, rape, robbing the dead, forcing a safeguard, striking a superior, etc. Then comes the punishment of sixty Ifour days In the front-line trench with out relief. During this time you have I to engage In all raids, working parties Ijn No Man's Land, and every hazardous undertaking that comes along. If you J live through the sixty-four days you 'are indeed lucky. This punishment Is awarded where there Is u doubt as to the willful guilt of a man who has committed an of fence punishable by death. Then conies the famous field pun jishment No. 1. Tommy has nicknamed It "crucifixion." It means that a man ? is spread-eagled on a limber wheel, | two hours a day for twenty-one days. During this time he only gets water, bully beef and biscuits for his chow. You get "crucified'' for repeated minor offenses. Next in order is field punishment No. 2. I This Is confinement in the "clink, without blonkets, getting water, bully jbeef and biscuits for rations and doing all the dirty work that can be found. This may be for twenty-four hours or tweuty days, uccordlng to the gravity of the offense. Then comes "pack drill" or default ers' parade. This consists of drilling, ? mostly at the double, for two hours with full equipment. Tommy hates this, because It Is hard work. Some times he fills his pack with straw to .lighten It, and sometimes he gets caught. If he gtts caught, he grouses at everything In general for twenty one days, from the vuntage point of a Umber wheel. Next cmnes "O. B." meaning "con flneU to barracks." This consists of staying In billets or barracks for twen ty-four hours to seven days. You also get an occasional defaulters' parade nnd dirty Jobs around the quarters. The sergeant major keeps what Is known as the crime sheet. When a tnan commits an offense, he Is "crimed." that Is. his name, number nnd offense is entered on the crime sheet. Next day at 0 a. m. he goes to the "orderly room" before the captain, *vho either punishes him with "C. B." or sends him before the O. O. (officer commanding battalion). The of the company can only award "O. B. Tommy many a time has thanked the king" for making that provision In his regulations. To gain the title of a "smart soldier. Tommy has to keep clear of the crime Bheet, and you have to be darned smart to do It. I have been on It a few times, most ly for "Yankee Impudence." During our stay of two weeks In rest billets our coptaln put us through a course of machine-gun drills, trjlng out new stunts nnd theories. After parades were over, our guns' crews got together nnd also tried out some theories of their own In reference to handling guns. These courses had nothing to do with the advancement of the war, consisted mostly of causing tricky Jams In the gun, and then the rest of the crew would endeavor to lo cate as quickly as possible the cause of the stoppage. This amused them for a few days and then thlugs come to ? standstill. One of the boys on my gun claimed that he coujd J>lny_a tune YhUe the T REPORT all the news happen ings that come to your attention to this office. It will be appreciated for every piece of news will make the paper more interesting for you as well as others. We want and with your help will print all THE NEWS if'tfh wns srrttjnny^nrlng.^ffna-^!!!^! <trated this fact one day on the target range. We were very enthusiastic and leclded to heroine musicians. After constant practice I hecnme lulte expert in the tune entitled "All Conductor Have HI* Feet." When I had mastered this tune, our two weeks' rent came to un end, and >nce again we went up the line and took over the Hector In front of O wood. At this point the German trenches ran around the base of a hill, on the fop of which was a dense wood. This wood was Infested with machine puns, which used to traverse our lines at #111, and sweep the streets of a little village, where we were hllleted while in reserve. There was one pun In particular which used to get our goats, It had the , exact range rit our "elephant" dugout >n trance, and every morning, about the time rations were being brought up, Its bullets would knock up the dust on the road ; more than one Tommy went West or to Itllghty by running Into hem. This gun got our nerves on edge, ind Fritz seemed to know It, because he never gave us an hour's rest. Our reputation ns machine gunners was at stake; we tried various ruses to locate and put this gun out of action, but each one proved to be a failure, and Fritz became a worse nuisance than ever. He was getting fresher and more careless every day, took ull kinds of liberties with us ? thought he was ln vlndlge. Then one of our crew got a brilliant Iden and we were all enthusiastic to put It to the test. Here was his scheme: When firing my gun, I was to play my tune, and Fritz, no doubt, would fall for It, try to Imitate me as an added Insult. This gunner nnd two others would try, by the sound, to lo cate FrTtz and his gun. After having got the location, they would mount two machine guns In trees, In a little clump of woods to the left of our ceme tery, and while Fritz was In the middle of his lesson, would open up nnd trust to luck. By our calculations, It would take at least a week to pull off the stunt. If Fritz refused to swallow onr bait, It would he Impossible to locate his special gun, and that's the one we were after, because they ull sound alike, a slow pup-pup-pup. Our prestige was hanging by n thread. In the battalion we had to en dure all kinds of Insults and fresh re marks as to our ability In silencing Fritz. Even to the battalion that Ger man gun was n sore spot. Next day, Fritz opened up as usual. I let hlra fire away for a while and then butted In with my "pup-pup-pup pup-pup-pup." I kept this up quite a while, used two belts of ammunition. Fritz had stopped firing to listen. Then he started In ; sure enough, he had fallen for our game, his gun was trying to Imitate mine, but, at first he made a horrible mess of that tune. Again I butted In with a few bars and stopped. Then he tried to copy what I had played. He was a good sport all right, because his bullets were going away over our heads, must have been firing Into the nlr. I commenced to feel friendly toward'hlm. This duet wont on ror five flays. Fritz was n good pupil nnd learned rapidly, In fuct, got better than his teacher. I commenced to feel Jealous. When he had completely mastered the tune, he started sweeping the road again and we clicked It worse than ever. But he signed his death warrant by doing so, because my friendship turned to hate. Every time he flred he played that tune nnd we danced. The boys In the battalion gave us the "ITa ! Ha I" They weren't in on Our little frameup. The originator of the ruse nnd the other two gunners had Fritz's location taped to the minute; they mounted their two guns, and also gave me the range. The next afternoon was set for the grand flnule. Our three guns, with different eleva tions, hnd their fire so arranged, that, opening up together, their bullets would suddenly drop on Fritz like a hailstorm. About three the next day, Fritz start ed "pup-pupping" that tune. I blew a sharp blast on a whistle. It was the sig nal agreed upon ; we turned loose nnd Fritz's gun suddenly stopped In the middle of a bar. We had cooked his goose, nnd our ruse hnd worked. After firing two belts each, to mnke sure of our Job, we hurriedly dismounted our guns nnd took cover In the dueout. We knew whnt to expect soon. We didn't have to wnlt long, three salvos of "whizz-bangs" cnme over from Fritz's nrtlllery, a further confirmation that we had sent that musical machine-gun ner, on his Westward-bound Journey. That gun never bothered us again. We were the heroes of the battalion, our captain congratulated us, said It WlPT'nfHr pHrrp cr ?wk. irira, mniie quently, w? were all puffed up over tiie stunt There are several ways Tommy uses to disguise the location of his machine (Tun and get his range. Some of the most commonly used stunts are as fol lows : At night, when he mounts his gun over the top of his trench and wants to get the range of Fritz's trench he adopts the method of what he terms ! "getting the sparks." This consists of tiring bursts from his gun until the bullets hit the German barbed wire. He can tell when they are cutting the wire, because n bultet when it hits a wire throws out a blue electric spark. Machine-gun fire Is very damaging to wire and causes many u wiring party { to go out at night when It Is quiet to repair the damage. To disguise the flnre of his gun at night when firing. Tommy uses what Is railed a flare protector. This Is a stove- ; pipe arrangement which fits over the barrel casing of the gun and screens \ the sparks from the right and left, but not from the front. 80 Tommy, always resourceful, adopts this scheme: About three feet or less In front of the gun he Showing How Fritz la Fooled. drives two stakes Into the ground, nhou? five feet npiirt. Across these stakes he stretches n curtain made out of empty sandbags ripped open. He soaks this curtain In water and flres through It. The water prevents It catching lire and effectively screens the flare of tlie tiring guu from the enemy. _ hound Is b valnaMe asset In locating a machine gun, but Tommy surmounts this obstacle by placing two machine Kuns about one hundred to one hun dred and fifty yards apart. The gun on the right to cover with Its flre the sector of the left gun and the gun on the left to cover that of the right gun. This makes their flre cross; they are flred simultaneously. Ry this method It sounds like one gun firing and gives the Germans the Impression that the gun Is firing from a point midway between the guns which are actually firing, and they ac cordingly shell that particular spot. The machine gunners chuckle and say, "Fritz Is a brainy boy, not 'alf he ain't." Rut the men In our lines at the spot being shelled curse Fritz for his Igno rance and pass a few pert remarks down the line In reference to the ma chine gunners being "windy" and afraid to take their medicine. ! CHAPTER XXIII. j ________ Gas Attacks and Spies. Three days after we had silenced Fritz, the Germans sent over gas. It did not catch us unawares, because the wind had been made to order, that Is, It was blowing from the German trenches toward ours at the rata of about five miles per hour. Warnings had been passed down the trench to keep a shnrp lookout for gas. We had a new mnn at the periscope, on this afternoon In question; I was sitting on the fire step, cleaning my rifle, when he called out to me: "There's a sort of greenish, yellow cloud rolling along the ground out In front. It's coming ? " But I waited for no more, grabbing my bayonet, which was detached from the rifle, I gave the alarm by banging an empty shell case, which was hang ing near the periscope. At the same instant, gongs started ringing down the trench, the signal for Tommy to don his respirator, or smoke helmet, as we call It Gas travels quickly, so you must not lose any time; you generally have about eighteen or twenty seconds In which to adjust your gas helmet. A gas helmet Is made of cloth, treat ed with chemicals. There are two win dows, or glass eyes. In it, through which you can see. Inside there Is a rubber covered tube, which goes In the mouth. You breathe through your nose; the gas. passing through the cloth helmet. Is neutralized by the action of the chemicals. The foul air is exhaled through the tube in the mouth, this tube being so constructed that it pre vents the inhaling of the outside air or gas. One helmet is good for five hours of the strongest gas. Each Tommy carries two of them slung around his shoulder in a waterproof canvas bag. He must wear this bag at all times, even while sleeping. To change a de fective helmet, you take out the new one, hold your breath, pull the old one olT, placing the new one over your head, tucking In the loose ends under the collar of your tunic. For a minute, pandemonium reigned in our trench ? Tommies adjusting I their helmets, bombers running here ; and there, and men turning out of the | dugouts with fixed bayonets, to man the fire step. lie-enforcements were pouring out of ' the communication trenches. Our gun's crew were busy mounting the machine gun on the parapet nnd I bringing up extra ammunition from the dugout. German gas Is heavier than air and soon fills the trenches nnd dugouts, where it has been known to lurk for two or three days, until the nlr Is purl lu d by means of large chemical spray* ?1*8. We had to work quickly, as Fritz generally follows the gas with an In fantry attack. JL Company man on our right was too slow in getting on his helmet ; he Hank to the ground, clutching at hit* throat, and after a few spasmodic twisting!! went West (died). It was horrible to see him die, but we were powerless to help him. In the corner of a traverse, a little, muddy cur dog, one of the company's pets, was lying dead, with his paws over his nose. It's the animals that suffer the most ?the horses, mules, cattle, dogs, cats and ruts ? they having no helmets to suve them. Tommy does not sympa thize with rats In a gas attack. At times gas has been known to travel, with dire results, fifteen miles behind the lines. A gas, or smoke iielmet, as it Is called, u t the best is a vile-smelling I thing, and it is not long before one gets a violent headache from wearing it. Our elghteen-pounders were burst ing in No Man's Land, In an effort, by the artillery, to disperse the gas clouds. The fire step was lined with crouch ing men, bayonets fixed, and bombs near at hand to repel the expected at tack. Our urtlllery had put a barrage of curtain fire on the German lines, to try I and break up their attack and keep back re-enforcements. I trained my machine gun on their trench and Its bullets were raking the MTMWt Then over they came, bayonets glis tening. In their respirators, which have a large snout In front, they look ed like some horrible nightmare. All along our trench, rifles and ma chine guns spoke, our shrapnel was burstliig over their heads. They went down In heaps, but new ones took the places of the fallen. Nothing could stop that mad rush. The Germans reached our barbed wire, which had previously been demolished by their shells, then It was bomb against bomb, and the <Sevll for all. Suddenly my head seemed to burst from u loud "crack" in my ear. T icq my head began to swim, throat got dry, and a heavy pressure on the lungs warned me that my helmet was leak ing. Turning by gun over to No. 2, I changed helmets. The. trench started to wind like a snake, and sandbags appeared to be floating in the air. The noise was hor rible; I sank onto the fire step, needles seemed to be pricking my flesh, then blackness. I was awakened by one of my mates removing my smoke helmet. How de licious that cool, fresh air felt In my lungs. A strong wind had arisen and dis persed the gas. They told me that I had been "out" for three hours; they thought I was dead. The attack had been repulsed after a hard light. Twice the Germans had iralned a foothold in our trench, but bad been driven out by counter-at tacks. The trench was filled with their dead and ours. Through a periscope I counted eighteen dead Germans In our wire; they were a ghastly sight in their horrible-looking respirators. I examined my first smoke helmet. A bullet had gone through It on the left side, just grazing my ear. The gas had penetrated through the hole made in the cloth. Out of our crew of six we lost two killed and two wounded. That night we buried all of the dead, excepting those In No Man's Land. In death there Is not much distinction ; friend and foe are treated alike. After the wind had dispersed the gas the R. A. M. C. got busy with their chemical sprayers, spraying out the dugouts and low parts of the trenches to dissipate any fumes of the German gas which may have been lurking In same. Two days after the gas attack I was sent to division headquarters, in an swer to an order requesting that cap tains of units should detail a man whom they thought capable of passing an examination for the divisional In telligence department. Before leaving for this assignment I went along the front-line trench say ing good-by to my mates and lording It over them, telling them that I had A Gas Helmet. clicked a cushy Job behind the lines, nnd how sorry I felt that they had to stay In the front line and argue out the war with Fritz. They were envious but still good-natured, nnd ns I left the trench to go to the rear they shouted after me: "Good luck, Yank, old boy; don't forget to send up a few fags to your old mates. ' I promised to do this ard left. " I reported at headquarters with six teen others and passed the required ex amination. Out of the sixteen appli cants four were selected. I wr.s highly elated because I was, I thought, iu for a cu*hy Job back at the base. The next morning the four reported ! 10 envision neaaqunriers ror msrrue I tlons. Two of the men were seut to large towns In the rear of the Hues with an easy Job. When it came our turn the officer told ua we were good men and had passed a very creditable examination. My tin hat began to get too small for me, and I noted that the other man, Atwell by name, was sticking his chest out more than usual. The officer continued : "I think I can use you two men to great advantage in the front line. Here are your orders and instructions, also the pass which gives you full authority as special M. 1'. detailed on Intelligence work. Re port at the front line according to your instructions. It is risky work and I wish you both the best of luck." My heart dropped to zero and At well's face was a study. We saluted and left. That wishing us the "best of luck" sounded very ominous In our ears; if he had said "I wish you both a swift and painless death" it would have been more to the point. When we had read our instructions we knew we were in for it good and plenty. What Atwell said Is not (it for pub lication, but I strongly seconded his opinion of the war, army and divisional headquarters In general. After a bit our spirits rose. We were full-fledged spy-catchers, because our Instructions and orders, said so. We immediately reported to the nearest French estaminet and had sev eral glasses of muddy water, which they called beer. After drinking our beer we left the estaminet and hailed an empty ambulance. After showing the driver our passes we got in. The driver was going to the part of the line where we had to re port. How the weunded ever survived a ride in that ambulance was inexplica ble to me. It was worse than riding on a gun carriage over a rock road. The driver of the ambulance was a i corporal of the R. A. M. C., and he hud the "wind up," that Is, he had an aversion to being under fire. I was riding on the seat with him whfle Atwell was sitting In the ambu lance, with his legs hanging out of the , back. As we passed through a shell-de j stroyed village a mounted military po liceman stopped us and informed the J driver to be very careful when we got i out on the open road, as it was very I dangerous, because the Germans lately had acquired the habit of shelling it. The corporal asked the trooper if there was any other way around, and was Informed that there was not. Upon | this he got very nervous and wanted to turn back, but we insisted that he pro ceed and explained to him that he would get into serious trouble with his commanding officer If he returned without orders; we wanted to ride, not walk. From Ills conversaion we learned that he had recently come from Eng land with a draft and had never been under fire, hence his nervousness. We convinced him that there was not much danger, and he appeared greatly relieved. When we at last turned into the open road we were not so confident. On each side there had been a line of trees, but now, all that was left of them were torn and battered stumps. The fields on each side of the road were dotted with recent shell holes, and we passed several in the road it self. We had gone about half a mile when a shell came whistling through the air and burst in a field about three hundred yards to our right. Another soon followed this one and burst on the edge of the road about four hun dred yards in front of us. I told the driver to throw In his speed clutch, as we must be in sight of the Germans. I knew the signs ; that battery was ranging for us, and the nulcker we cot out of tta znno of nre the better. The driver was trem bling like a leaf, and every minute I expected him to pile us up in the ditch. I preferred the German fire. In the back Atwell was holding onto the straps for dear life, and was sing ing at the top of his voice: Wa hno * ?? XC *? *? a i mo WWUO| We beat you at the Alsne, We gave you hell at Neuve Chapelle, And here we are again. Just then we hit a small shell hole and nearly capsized. Upon a loud yell from the rear I looked behind, and there was Atwell sitting in the middle of the road, shaking his fist at us. His equipment, which he had taken off upon getting into the ambulance, was strung out on the ground, and his rifle was in the ditch. I shouted to the driver to stop, and in his nervousness he put on the brakes. We nearly pitched out head first. But the applying of those brakes saved our lives. The next instant there was a blinding flash and a deaf ening report. All that I remember is that I was flying through the nir, and wondering If I would land in a soft spot. Then the lights went out. When I came to, Atwell was pouring water on my head out of his bottle. On the other side of the road the cor poral was sitting, rubbing a lump on his forehead with his left hand, while his right arm was bound up in a blood soaked bandage. He was moaning very loudly. 1 had an awful headache and the skin on the left side of my face was full of gravel and the blood was trickling from my nose. But that ambulance was turned over in the ditch and was perforated with holes from fragments of the shell. One of the front wheels was slowly revolv ing, so I could not have been "out" for a long period. The shells were still screaming over head, but the battery had raised its fire ami they were bursting lu a little wood about hnlf a mile from us. Atwell spoke un "t fy. err uaau i wisnea us tixe be9t o' lucr, * Then he commenced swearing. I couldn't help laughing, though my heed was nigh to bursting. Slowly rising to my feet I felt myself all over to make sure that there wtre no broken bones. But outside of a few bruises and scratches I was ail right. The corporal was still moaning, but more from shock than pain. A shelf splinter had gone through the flesh of his right forearm. Atwell and I, from our flrst-ald pouches, put a tourniquet on his arm to stop the bleeding and then gathered up our equipment. We realized that we were In a dan gerous spot. At any minute a shell might drop on the road and finish us off. The village we had left was not very far, so we told the corporal he had better go back to It and get his arm dressed, and then report the fact of the destruction of the ambulance to the military police. lie was well able to walk, so he set off in the direction of the village, while Atwell and I con tinued our way on foot. Without further mishap we arrlvetf at our destination, and reported to bri gade headquarters for rations and bil lets. That night we slept in the battalion sergeant major's dugout. The next morning I went to a flrst-ald post an^ had the gravel picked out of my face. ( The Instructions we received from division headquarters read that we were out to catch spies, patrol trenches, search German dead, reconnolter in No} Man's Land, and take part in trench raids and prevent the robbing of the' dead. I had a pass which would allow me to go anywhere at any time In the sec-1 tor of the line held by our division. It gave me authority to stop and search ambulances, motor lorries, wagons and even officers and soldiers, whenever my suspicions deemed It necessary, j Atweil and I were allowed to work to-, gether or singly ? It was left to our! Judgment. We decided to team up. j Atwell was a good companion and very t>ntertaining. lie had an utter contempt for danger, but was not fool hardy. At swearing he was a wonder, A cavalry regiment would have been proud of him. Though born in Eng land, he had spent several years In New York. He was about six feet one, and as strong as an ox. We took up our quarters In a large dugout of the royal engineers, and mapped out our future actions. This dugout was on the edge of a large cemetery, and several times at night in returning to it, we got many a fall stumbling over the graves of English, French and Germans. Atwell on these occasions never indulged in swearing, though at any other time, at the least stumble, he would turn the air blue. A certain section of our trenches was held by the Royal Irish rifles. For several days a very strong rumor went the rounds that a German spy was in our midst. This spy was supposed to be dressed in the uniform of a British staff officer. Several stories had been told about an officer wearing a red band around his cap, who patrolled the front-line and communication trenches asking suspicious questions as to loca tion of batteries, machine-gun emplace ments, and trench mortars. If a 6hell dropped in a battery, on a machine gun or even near a dugout, this spy was blamed. The rumor gained such strength that an order was issued for all troops to immediately place under arrest anyone answering to the description of the spy Atwell and I were on the qui vlve. We constantly patrolled the trenches at night, and even in the day, but the spy always eluded us. One day while In a communication trench, we were horrified to see our brigadier general, Old Pepper, being brought down it by a big private of the Royal Irish rifles. The general was walking in front, and the private with fixed bayonet was following In the rear. We saluted as the general passed us. The Irishman had a broad grin on his face and we could scarcely believe our eyes ? the general was under arrest. After passing a few feet beyond us, the general turned, and said In a wrathful voice to Atwell: "Tell this d ? n fool who I am. He's arrested me as a spy." Atwell was speechless. The sentry butted in with: "None o' that gassln' out o' you. Back to headquarters you goes, Mr. Fritz. Open that face o' yours again, an' I'll dent in your napper with the butt o' me rifle." The general's face was a sight to be hold. He was fairly boiling over with rage, but he shut up. Atwell tried to get in front of the sentry to explain to him that it really *as the general he had under arrest, but the sentry threatened to run his bayonet through him, and would have done It, too. So Atwell stepped aside, and remain^ silent. I was nearly bursting with suppressed laughter. One word, and I would have exploded. It is not exactly diplomatic to laugh at your general in such a predicament. The sentry and his prisoner arrived at brigade headquarters with disas trous results to the sentry. The joke was that the general had personally issued the order for the spy's arrest. It was a habit of the gen eral to walk through the trenches on rounds of inspection, unattended by any of his staff. The Irishman, being new in the regiment, had never seen the general before, so when he came across him alone In a communication trench, he promptly put him under ar rest. Brigadier generals wear a red band around their caps. Next day we passed the Irishman tied to the wheel of a limber, the be ginning of his sentence of twenty-one days, field punit foment No. 1. Never before have I seen such a woebegone expression on a man's fuce.

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