Earthquakes Are Caused Bv Waves * Th?t; Earth Wpvcs Originate Dsrp Down And Struggle To The Surface Washington. Sop!, is ? Exactly 'What Is an earthquake and what ] causes ii? These two questions very naturally' pop into the minds of millions of I persons when a catastrophe such as that which recently occurred in Ja- I pan overtakes some groat city and causes thousands of deaths. A bulletin from the Washington, ; D. C., headquarters of the National J Geographic Society answers these! questions: "Superficially the name itself tells; the story. It is no more nor less than a quaking of the earth or a part of it; and theoretically any vibration at: all fills the bill, from^ the tremor! caused by a heavy truck patting ' along the street or a blast in a near- I by quarry to the most violent con vulsion that slides- hills from/their' bases and opena yawning chasms In I the earth. Earth Wave* llohl Secret "But going beyond the superficial, I there is more that needs to be said 1 even by way of a bare definition of ; an earthquake. The quake In so far] as man experiences it Is the coming tojhe surface of waves In the earth. These waves cannot be compared aim-! ply to the up-and-down waves of rip- ! pled water nor to the back-and-forth | weaves in the air that make sound. I Even the simplest wave motion is I none too easy to understand; and the ! waves In the varying earth materials | that make themselves known to man I <>s earthquakes are probably the most i complex waves that exist. They are ' at once motions 'up-and-down' like I sea waves; crosswise like the waves in a flapping flag; back-and-forth liko sound waves or the motion In n long coiled spring suspended with a weight bobbing at Its end; and in ad dition may have twists about Imag inary pivot lines in all of the three dimensions. "The earth wares originate in snmcTPfion down in the earth and mart out in every direction. The waves from a pebble dropped Into a pond form growing circles on the surface of the water. But the waves in the earth being In a solid, attempt to Torm spheres that constantly grow outward. Soon however, because of the difference In the rigidity of dif ferent rock materials, the form Is not a sphere at all but a very Irregular curved solid instead, more nearly that of a potato, perhaps. Two Kinils Of Waves "The two principal types of earth waves, thosd that travel like the pul sations In a hob.hlng spring, siraight out; and those that travel like rip ples and the waves In a flag, with a sidewise motion, move at different speeds. The pulsing waves are the shifter, and of course the place where they make themselves felt first and most strongly Is the surface area straight above their starting point. Tills is technically the *epl ceutor' or 'epicentrum.' The pulsing wav' J around the epicenter alternate ly push up the surface of the earth and everything ont It. and let them fall back. This Is done very rapidly, and though the actual rise and fall may he only a fraction of an inch on rocky surfaces or a very few inches on soft soil, the violence may be like that from innumerable tremendous hlowf, and sufficient to shake down ?bui'dlng3. "The 'sidfwi?e' waves follow along almost immediately after tho first pulsing waves, anil the two. with perhaps 'twisting waves' as well, then operate together. The ground In the eplcentiai area, therefore, gets Innumerable thrusts anil falls and at the same time Is Jerked sidewise and back for tiny distances in every di rection. "At points some distance from the epicenter til" pulsing w.u'es strike the surface at a slant and so accen tuate the effects 'of the 'sidewise' waves and create new surface undu lations. The shaking at the epicen ter, too. throws tho earth's surface there Into undulatory waves like rip ples en a pond, and these also travel outward in widening circles. These surface waves are those of greatest motion hut least speed. They regis ter the heaviest vibrations on the seismographs of the world. How Tlie Waves Hdirt "The second Important question In regard to an earthquake Is: what starts the waves? "No one has ever seen an earth quake start outward from Its center, and it is safe enough to say that no one ever will. Hut science has built certain hypotheses about the matter that seem to account satisfactorily for the happenings, and which nre ac cepted pretty generally. "Hold a dry stick as big as your thumb In your hands and bend It un til It breaks. At the snap waves will travel to your hands and usually give you a quite painful gensntion. . 7Z .1 "" ron b,r one end and nrlKo the other sharply with a ham mer. Again the vibrations carried to your hands bay be violent enough to irr.iltice a stinging pain. "And If you should strike a small explosive cap with the end of a lona rod grasped by the other end. the ?* Mitchell's ONE PRICE TO ALL O. F. ffillmi, Prop. Phone 100 plosion would probably bring the same painful tingle to your fingers. , llreaks M??-i Important "It is generully believed that earthquake waves flow from u point where one of the three forces illus trated is suddenly released?a break, a blow, or an explosion. Breaks art credited with the responsibility for most earthquakes. It is believed that '.ecaaoe of slow contraction or shrinking which may result from the cooling of the outer portion of the earth or because of pressure from deposited silt, strains are set up he low the surface like those in the bending stick. Eventually the strain reaches the breaking point and there is a snapping of the rocks which sends violent waves to the surface, causing earthquakes. "The blow type of earthquake is probably less important. Such a blow might result from the falling in of a great cavern, but probably would cause only a local shiver. A more important cause of a ?blow might be a slipping of one mass of rock over another with a collision at the end of the slide. "Such a blow of ten follows a break, the two acting together. Volcanic Explosions "Earthquakes In active volcanic regions may often result from ex plosions of gases far beneath the jsurface; but it is quite possible that even in the neighborhood of volca-' [noes the majority of the quakes may. arise from sudden breaks in the rocks. "That the earth's 'crust' is sub jected to squeezing and pinching is evident from mountain ranges, which I are the portion of the crust that is I'pllnched up' as one can pinch up a I ridge of skin on his arm. If moun tains were ever thrust up at all rap Idly the earthquakes at the time must have been terrible. Even now there lare certain mountains that though 'millions of years old, are still geolo gically 'young' and are slowly rising. The mountains of Japan fall into this < Ijss. and it Is their 'growing pains,' so to speak, that . cause the almost dally earthquakes in the Japanese archipelago. Now and then the strains accumulate over a consider able period and the break or slide and collision which finally occurs Is violent enough to slrake down hill*, open wide cracks and destroy cities." WANT TO PLAY HALL Hickory. Sept. IS?Forty candi dates reported for early season foot hall practice at Lenoir college this week. Couch LaMotte is now drilling them in the elementary rudiments of the game, and getting them in cou-! dition for their first game, which is j scheduled for the early part of Oct- I u'jer. t MYF.HSA1.1STS TO MKKT Woodlnieton. Sept. IS?The unnu i! convention of North Carolina t"iil ?T?.all>i* will bo ht Ul her* Sept em ? ;? -?? and 'JJ. it is? announced by of ;?-ial? in chare* ol ti;** yearly gath r its k. Gelfand's Relish and Mayonnaise at all good grocers. The Family Market Grocery Specialties! When you do your grocery chopping with us you ure assured quality products, courteous treatment and prompt delivery, at tlie most reasonable prices. Your husband und children are sure to enjoy your meals more. Main Street Grocery pv PHONE 794 ****AAAAAAAAAA Every home has a thousand reasons for an EVEREADY FLASHLIGHT. The quick answer to darkness any time, anywhere. Instant light when you need it, right on the spot you want it. Hence, a home without an Eveready is as out-of-date as a house without a bathroom. , Light of a thousand uses; each day adds a new use, often worth a thousand times the low d -ye < A C A price. Complete with batteries. Eveready Unit Cell Batteries fit and improve all flat Mights. The product of proven quality. r,or Sale by the Following Authorized Dealers APOTHETAHY SHOP D. HAY KRAMER ?JIO hast Main Street Matthew* Street ALBEMARLE PIIAKMACY W. S. WHITE & CO. Southern Hotel Buildiug 120 Poindexter Street w p; D?LON THE CITY DRUG STORE M North Poindexter St. Cor. Water and Matthew* Su. THE STANDARD PHARMACY, Corner Poindexter and Main Sts. Do You Need MONEY? You can repay the loan In small amounts and not have to dread the day it will come duo. We will lend you from five dollars ($5.00) to five hundred dollars ($500.00) to be paid back in weekly iiutallments as |ier the following table: From $ 5.00 to $ 2 5.00 to be paid back at $ .50 per week From 25.00 to 50.00 to be paid back at 1.00 per week From 50.00 to 100.00 to be paid back at 2.00 per week From 100.00 to 150.00 to be paid back at 3.00 per week From 150.00 to 200.00 to be paid back at 4.00 per week From 200.00 to 250.00 to be paid back at 5.00 per week From 2 50.00 to 300.00 to be paid back at 6.00 per week From 300.00 to 400.00 to be paid back at 8.00 per w??k From 4 00.00 to 500.00 to be paid back at 10.00 per Week If you are in need, consult our officers today. They will gladly give you any information desired. We base our security on CHARACTER. PERSONAL ENDORSE MENTS. COLLATERAL. REAL ESTATE. 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