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IS RUSSIA PLANNING NEW WAR? Bj FRANK H. SIMONDS Copyright, 1024 by McClur? Ncwjipaper Syndicate Washlntgon. J use 3?While world attention has been very largely con centrated upon the Internal political situations in Germany and France in recent days, the cable has continued to carry warnings of danger along | the southwestern frontier of Soviet Russia and to indicate the possibility of war in this relatively little known corner of Europe. ? la Russia plan ning a lev war. and will she make the title to Beeaarabia the pretext for a new atleatpt to disturb the peacs of Europe? There are the question# whleh are aow being asked anxiously la More than one capital. The problem ef Bessarabia Is at one tine the aimpleet and one of the most vexatious ef the post-bellmn question*. It Is la reality, of course, only one phase ef the eternal East ern queetlon. of the troubles due to1 the Russian aspiration to acquire Constantinople and thus access to the open sea. If one is to measure the truth by the minatory tone and frequent gestures of Moscow, It Is fair to assume that Russia of the Bolshevists is hastening to set her feet in the pathway so often trod by the Romanoffs. Rumania acquired Bessarabia as a result of the World War. The actual union was accomplished through the ratification of the provincial council by an overwhelming majority. Ac tually Bessarabia was once a portion of the province of Moldavia, the western half of which was included within the frontiers of Rumania when that state was created In 1859. Of its three million Inhabitants be tween half and three quarters are of the Rumanian race and speak the Rumanian tongue. The minority, moreover, represents a mixture of many races, Slavs, Turks. Tartars, Bulgarians and even a considerable number of Germans, along with a large sprinkling of Jews. Kishinev, the capital, was the scene of one of the most terrible Russian pogroms early In the present century, one con sequence of which was a large mi gration of the Jewish survivors to America. History, the will of the majority of the people, geographical and stra tegic considerations, all combine to justify the present possession of this province by the Rumanians. The Russian claim, by contrast, is founded upon annexation following war and at the expense of the Turk In 1812. Almost half a century later three counties, near the mouth of the Danube, were retroceded by Russia In 1856, following the Crimean War. Two decades later Russia regained these counties following her war with Turkey, which was liquidated at the Congress of Berlin. This return of these counties was a particularly odious episode for in the Turkish War the Russians before Plevan had been saved by the aid and devotion of the Rumanian army and in return the benefactors were plundered of Rumanian lands. In part to compensate for this spolia tion. half of the Dobrudja was as signed to Rumania. This gave her an outlet on the Black Sea hut It also led to the feud with Bulgaria, a feud which has had evil conse quences for both the Bulgarians and the Rumanians. For the Bulgarians, the loss of the Dobrudja was so bitter an Injury that they continued to plan revenge. Rumania. In her turn, disturbed by Bulcarlan threats, took advantace of Bulgaria's misfortunes In the second Balkan War. when Bulgaria was at war with Greece and Serbia and als'? was Invaded by Turkey. A Ruman ian army moved south In Bulgaria and approached Sofia, while the Bul garian armies were fighting the Greeks and Serbs In Macedonia and Thrace. Already defeated, the Bul garians were compelled to yield an 1 the Treaty of Bucharest deprived them not merely of more of the Do brudja but also of Macedonia and Thrace, while the Turks retook Ad rlanople. Two years later, when Rumania was invaded by German und Aus trian armies Bulgaria had her re venge and Bulgarian armies, togeth er with Turkish, invaded and con quered the Dobrudja. which was ce ded to Bulgaria under the terms of the short-lived treaty which followed the German occupation of Bucharest, and the Rumanian surrender, due In turn to the Russian collapse. But under this ssme settlement Rumania was permitted with German and Austrian consent to take Bessarabia. When Austria collapsed and Oer manv surrendered, a year later, Ru mania. backed by the Allies, re-oc eupled the Duhrudja and regained both portions, that which she had ac quired In 1*78 and that taken In 1913. while she also retained Bess arabia: and this latter province pres ently through Its local parliament gave emphatic approval to the union with Rumania. But meantime a nov el quarrel had arisen with Soviet Russia. . , _ This quarrel had Its origin In the fact that following the disastrous campaign of 1916. when the Ruma nian armies were beaten and driven out of most of their country, the gold reserves of Rumania had been moved from Bucharest to Russian territory and. after the Russian Revolution, fell Into the hands of the Bolshe vists. Once she had got clear of her German and Austrian foes, Rumania turned to Russia and demanded the return of her gold. But the Soviet Government met this demand by a counter demand for the return of the province of Bessarabia and for Ave years the dispute has continued. At times It has seemed that the Russian demand for the return of the lost province was little more than a way If arriving at a final settlement based upon the stirrender by Rus sia of her claim upon Beaaarabla and a relinquishment by Rumania of her claim upon her vanlahed gold re serves. But In recent weeks Rusalati Insistence has taken on a very men acing charaetertad^ti^JlWl?!! ..of - ?%' Ri AO (a lo Paris and London was gen erally interpreted as having been em ployed. if not designed, to offer the opportunity for an appeal to the two governments to support a wartime ally; threatened again. That Rumania did get the promise and perhaps the actual contribution of war material from France has been duly stated In the press, this material,* of course, covered by a loan. Th? Rumanian army was re organized during the war by French officers, General Berthelot among them. Tafcra have, too. been rumors of an alliance betweoo France and Rumania, on the lltes of the Franco Polish agreement, but this has not been announced. I dwell upon this Rumanian af fair now, because In Its various cir cumstances It Is an admirable Illus tration of the real difficulties in the European situation. Thus. If there should be a war between Rumania! and Russia now. the complications! might be almost innumerable. Asld**| from the possibility that France, might be Involved, which Is less like-, ly under the new Ministry than the outgoing, such a struggle would in stantly concern Poland, would have -immediate significance for Czecho slovakia and might have repercus sions In both Hungary and Bulgaria. Poland would at once be con cerned because she has an alliance with Rumania, based upon the possi bility of a Russian attack upon eith er. Thus If Rumania were attacked by Russia, it would be the duty of Poland to go to her assistance. In theory this would also be the duty of all of the nations which compose the League of Nations, but since th? Polish experience with Russia, sev eral years ago, neither Poland nor Rumania can hope for much from the League members with the pos sible exception of France. Czecho-Slovakla and Yuyo-Slavla would not be bound to support Ru mania against Russia, although all three are members of the Little En tente, but If Hugary attacked Ru mania. or if Bulgaria assailed the Rumanians, then both these Slav states would, under the terms of the Little Entente arrangement, be bound to act against Hungary and Bulgaria. Recent dispatches have suggested that Yugo-Slavia might oonaent to include Russian aggres sion among the reasons for standing by Rumania In war. Hungary and Bulgaria would be Inclined to take advantage of a Rus sian Invasion of Bessarabia to strike Rumania in the rear, because Hungary is determined to recover Transylvania and the Banat. just as Russia Is aiming to reconquer Bess arabia. while between Rumania and Bulgaria stands the old dispute over the Dobrudja. which has already pro voked two wars. In Transylvania and the Banat, as in Bessarabia, the vast majority of the population is Rumanian, or, more exactly, the Ru manian element constitutes not only more than half the total population, but outnumbers the German and Magyar fractions more than three to one. In the southorn half of the Dobrudja, on the other hand, the Bulgarian population Is. or was be fore the last war, more numerous than the Rumanian. To add to the complications. Greece has every reason to rear Bul garian designs on that portion of lier territory along the Aegean from the mouth of the Vardar to that of the Marttza; that is. including Salonica. and might make a common cuus?* with the Rumanians and the Serbs. Again, far to the north, the Lithuan ians are maintaining a paper state of war with the Poles over the matter of Vilna, and If Poland were Involved In a war with Russia, as a result of a Russian attack upon Rumania. Li thuania might seek to regain Vllna and might support the Russians as she did In the recent Russo-Pollsh War which ended In the Russian de feat and the peace of Riga. Back of all these possibilities lies also that of Germany. She is openly planning to retake Posen. West Prus sia and Upper Silesia from Poland and put an end to the separate state of Danzig. Would she be able to resist the temptation to strike Po land In the rear, while Russia was assailing her In the front and Li thuania In the flank? In addition. Germany looks forward to liberating some three millions of German speaking citizens of the Czecho-Slo vakian state and of annexing all of Bohemia and Moravia, along with the fragment of Cech Silesia and Teschen. And If Germany moved, what of France? What of Belgium? What for that matter of Great Britain? There you have then the present state of Europe In a brief compass. Ten years ago this very month the assassination of the Austrian Arch duke In flerajevo touched a match to the European magazine. Serbia was instantly Involved. Serbian danger brought Russia Into the dispute and the coming of Russia brought France and Germany In on opposite sides, then England came In and Italy re tired from her partnership with the Central Powers to reappear as their foe n few months later. Ultimately countries as far removed as Japan, the United Statea and Brazil were Involved. In the Europe of 1924, as In that Let ns show yon our beautiful | line of Hand Painted Compacts, I thin models, $1.00 and up. LOUIS seuc Jeweler. INVERT rorn SAVINGS nr hafk noMm. 8m n* for fall RIAL BANK of 1914, the same system of inter dependent agreements subsists. Th.-?| nations have changed partners, or more precisely their interests would lead them along different lines in many cases, but the old system of alliances holds. Just as good today as a decade ago. Russia at the moment is playing a lone hand, she has quar relled with all the western powers and most recently with Germany. Tet Russia's enemies. Poland and Ru mania. are directly or indirectly Ger many's foes; Poland directly and Rumanta indirectly, because Hun gary and Germany would inevlubly make a common eause and Rumania is the deadly foe of the Magyars. Now looking at this situation from the broader point of view, how can the League of Nations operate to preserve peace? Russia Is not a member, nor is Germany. Therefore the League has no control whatever over either, and Russia, at least, is not amenable to the thing which Is called world sentiment. If Russia attacks*Rumania the League can de nounce the attack, it can demand that It stop, it can appeal to the oth er nations to take up arms or to boy cott Russia, but that Is the sum and substance of Its powers. For myself I do not* believe that the Russians mean to attack just now, they are more interested in get iting recognition and loans than in {engaging in hostilities at this mo jment. but the very earnestnenBHTTd emphasis with which they press their ! Ressarablan claims suggests that Ithey are keeping the future open. Moreover, If Russia ever does re sume the march upon Constantino I pie, her pathway lies across Rumania j and Ressarabia is the first province she will Invade. Russia, too, clings to her claim upon Constantinople. It was prom ised to her as reward for her parti cipation in the war. Even the Bri tish, through Sir Edward Grey, as sented to Russian possession of the j agelon gobjectlve of the Czars. Did the Russian title, thus witnessed and approved, lapse because Russia after gigantic efforts and colossal j sacrifices finally collapsed into revo lution and the ignominious Treaty J of nrest Lltovsk? The Russians at least deny this. But as long as Germany on the i north is determined to regain - her lost provinces, provinces which she .stole in her own time from their I richtfill racial and national owners, with the Magyars in the center look ing with similar eyes upon Transyl vania and the Banat, with Rulgnria set upon recovering the Dobrudja, i Macedonia and even Thrace, with j Russia in the east looking both to 'the Baltic and to the Black Seas to recover lost lands, which she also took from their rightful owners in past time, and finally with the pres ent possessors of all these lands de termined to defend both their legal and their moral rights, how can there be stable conditions In Eur ope? You have there the double situa tion which I have emphasized so of ten In these articles. At the moment most, perhaps all of the European I peoples prefer to avoid hostilities. Europe is settling down after a long and terribly costly conflict and th<* present generation desires peace. But while Europe is thus manifest ing a desire for peace, practically ev ery European country Is deliberately basing Its policy upon things which must lead to a new war. Moreover various nations are combining their Interests and pooling their military and political resources In such fash ion as to Insure that when war comes It will immediately Involve not two but many countries. Norman Davis could Bottle the problem of Memel last winter, be cause the dispute was between two parties neither of which had to con sider t)*> eventuality of war. He coOld fptrMiadc the Lithuanian* In return for ttie legalising of th<iJr title 1*> Vf<4nel, which had been ceded by (Kwnanf to the Allied nations and subsequently seized by the Lithuan ians. to atfiVf to certain mon? or less valuable concessions to the Poles, concessions which the Poles them selves regard as totally inadequate and wholly derisory, concession* which the Lithuanians regard as ex cessive. But he could not persuade the Li thuanians to resign their title to Vil na. a title which Is denied by the Poles who actually hold It and have pronounced the union with Poland as irrevocable, and quite properly he did uot attempt this Impossible task. I So a state of war exists between Po-1 land and Lithuania, traffic across1 frontiers la forbidden and hostilities J are. iu theory, only suspended during the life of the Armistice of Suvalkl. The danger of war In fact, as It now, exiats on paper, grows out of the fact that both Poland and Lithuania regard Yllna as worth fighting for - and for both tolerable peace Is pre dicated upon poaaesaion. Remember, too. that the Germans have never recognized tbelr cession of Memel as ! anything more than a temporary yielding to force?and the same Is true so far as all of the lands ceded to Poland. Belgium and Cxecho-Slo vakia are concerned. In point of fact they still dream of regaining Alsace-Lorraine. Quite obviously the beginning of peace in Euorpe will not be disarm ament?even assuming it were pos sible. ns it certainly Is not now? but the willingness on the part of nations to accept existing frontiers as permanent or to agree to such read justment as will create a condition which both parties at Interest will regard as tolerable and preferable to new wars. When nations can agree with their neighbors there wilt be no need of alliances or ententes and then there will be no house of cardi ? to collapse when two cards are re moved. Today, because Russia refuses to n gard the loss of Bessarabia as per manent, because she declines to abandon her old aspiration for pos session of Constantinople., a new general war in Europe Is possible. It is not likely, merely because at the moment the European nations are fought out, presumably. Because a dozen or mor#? other nations, similar ly unwilling to accept existing terri torial conditions or fearful of a chal lenge to these conditions, have en tered into mutual defense arrange ments, a shot on the Dniester may one day mean war from the Illaok Sea to the Baltic and from the Vis tula to the Rhine. As I have said before, I do not re gard the Russo-Rumanlan situation as a serious menace to peace at the moment, but It does seem to mo ex traordinarily interesting, as It re veals the degree to which Europe has reverted to her traditional sya teni and the extent to which tbe sit uation ba^ore the World War fen m (>rodtte?d now, t?*i year uttor its oai lejat. Qtafcatu Alba bt not today more ?nluiowu than Serajevo in 1014 M mart Americans, yet it ki at kauri #moeiCal4o that this Ilttfuumbia*} cH* might tomorrow bweotne ae no torious as the Bosnian etty of *qpn jevo, with oJtimate eoiwequenen quite as far-reaching. KPISCOPAL Christ Church Rev. G?*o. F. Hill, rector. Wlilt Sunday. Sunday Kchool and adult Bible clasHOH, !?: 45 a. ni. Morning prayer and sermon at 11a. ni. Even ing prayer and illustrated lecturo on 'Religion u?<! r if? i_ . ji I p. m. re ,n 'ndla." at g| MKTHOD1HT pa, r?| Kljwori'h lLe?es!i"t.er'!,1'st'p#D!0 w"' ship With s. ruwn bv ti, ' , \ Wo1" a. m. and g ti, "V,or- 11 sra.u for th. day foliowl""' "r"-' i , Moi MlnK '??>- 'ro,n "i.o -W?wnm' ?>r U,-> Troubled Sea Dvorak*017 (or,:an) Humoresk* ? j Po?tlud?. *rKart,t Foreman. Aahfordf* <????" Mellon Go" " *7 Salvation S,?l-Zlal!?Tg*a> E?-?? of -SXl"' A Roa<' Br,*ht" Glowing Postlude. Rev* n^< !v?','ho<I,?< Episcopal ?i :s ,v, ;1r ~": *m sxs, . t"??* '..oh,, ?*??- ? came to be written -ri. ,he> !'-??i b,. 7ZZ*1%. c"y nf,r;,r SubJect "Advancement In J Ife " y, ' 18 ??e musical program: Morning J" CO"""K ?< ?? Ktneraon01' "Up Str?ns' ***"-| I-adles' quartet?Selected. . ,, K veiling -w!& Go to Hlm ,or Reat" wit"1"' "P? S,la" F, ,,'l His Flock" Wilson?Mrs. Geo. w. Bell Junior Kpworth Leacue I1A1"T1NT | Q tj ? K'rSt "?l? l*t -choofat^To'Tm' pr??r- Ts:??r superintendent Prenrhtn ' T y' M?tterr8tw',"?a ,r;"cllC?ch'eVrhat 'pr'::': oven|nEP?rryg vlted to these services8 C?rd'ally ,n" Dr J 'UaCt??" M,'"'"rml "c?>o?l at 9J0 ?yem f^F ???<>?? superintendent At 11 ? ' A^dlett. "? '?? Pastor wll/preac": """ 8 .'jumor 'lay ?chool'3mpetmats2 8 CDaJi' Sun" l"'rintend?-n? i?. ' ! ! I^nviH, kii by ?he";Ln(or. ';rvy r v-,m night at 7 r? * 'Sunday nesday night at ?'nn Wed cordialiy invited. Public ii ?ev SVVH Jr'n ( ""I"'" Inc af" 11' Dar,k*. pafitor. Preach !<1 lolly Invited.'" T"* '? cor ? Corlntli llnptist I school' e"'chP' sunn' pa8tor- Sunday o'cloclt, W Tpr'E? a! no. r. 5""" ""Pilst (SssSffift Farno and Lebanon Belle Flour mrm absolutely flours of quftJIty sold bf (.*? leading grotera. ,{ ?Distributed By? A. F. TOXEY & COMPANY Water Htrrct gjprar-ICTiaiaeneiragM^'?'""'- - ? MOM'N l'OI? ny TAYLOI< " sn POP GOMN wou've SEEN Complaining about oua EXTRAVAGANCE AND ME Rt BRAND NEW CAR AND NO LICENSE TAGS ? WELL THE ? ? v. ?-v?v l \ l TTT " WOO GO AND SOW A N?u> I BUT GOSH AIOM \ %/Z, B'RDS THAT 9TOI_? TV.S CARr SSJuBwio I "1 M HA? GO?" -"J06MtNT - t f A^DMyr3^.f ?^,NG ,T SOPFERIN' MOPTOAOA ". WHAT'S THi?? DeciXERv mth? Sr PRKSBYT1CKIAN Cann Memorial Iter. Frank H. Hcattergood. minis ter. Sabbath school, 9:45 a. ai. Les son, "The Capture of the Ark." Morning worship. 11 o'clock. Theme: "Spiritual Sustenance." A Commun ion meditation. At this service the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper will be administered. All members are urg?-d to be present. Evening wor ship. 8 o'clock. Theme: "The Rest That Jesus CJJves." Mid-week service Wednesday, H p. m. Bible study and prayer. All invited to attend these services. OlIIKIt DENOMINATIONS First dirintian. Rt>v. H. (). Brown, pastor. Preach ing at 11 a. m. and t p. m. Morning theme: "Worth of a Han." Evening theme: "Call to Service." Sunday school at 2:30 p. m. E. L. Silver thorn, superintendent. Christiaa En deavor meets at 7 p. m. Mid-week prayer meeting Wednesday at I y. in. reatfH^ostsi Holiness Sunday school at 9:45, J. L. Hill, superintendent. Preaching at 3. 11 and 7:45 o'clock by the pastor. Rev. W. J. Noble. The public is cordially invited to all services. Hf Elizabeth's Services will be held in the Cath olic Chapel, Hinton Building, at 10:30 Sunday morning by Father Doherty. Visitors are always wel come. Bic; FIRE AT MIAMI Miami, June 7.?The entire fire department of Miami was railed out early today when the Liberty Cum berland Mills warehouses of the rlv erfront burst Into blase. Total de struction of the warehouse Is deemed inevitable and loss of a quarter of a million dollars is predicted, The fire is not expected to spread as the wind Is blowing toward the If it's anything that Men, Young Men and Boys wear, that you want, we've got it at hon est prices. C. A. COOKE 7Iead-to-Foot Outfitters. THE SELECTION OF A PftOPEIt INVESTMENT For your ln?ll\ triual nwfls, can In'st Im? obtained hy M'kH-tiiiK a financial Institution of experi ence and one which oilers a lante list of Ncriirhics lo select from. We offer wife, conservative In vestment*, suitable to every In divlciiuil need. iio.M) im:/W!u.mkv r AMERICAN TRUST CO. Charlotte, N\ C. ritANK II. (illKKV, Mgr. =MELICK ? IF YOU NEED A A Refrigerator and do not see us we both lose money. WE HAVE UNUSUAL VAL UES TO OFFER IN THE IIEST DOX ON THE MAR KET. MELICK IK SHE'S WOUTH WHILE, SHE'S WOHTH WHITMAN'S The Good Candy at TVIK APOTHECARY SHOP (Ocatkei^s ?la??????!!]???? ???OH YOUR I'AHTY Aftor Dinner Mlttffl, .Mint Fluff*. Cummins* Mint*, R. H. Mints. Call R. L. fJARRKTT. Itione OOfl ???????????1][1 DANCE TONIGHT Round Dance A to ll:DO at Cohoon Social Hall orer (Tat Rate Ding More 666 la a prescription for Malaria. ChilU and Favor. Don(uo or jM
The Daily Advance (Elizabeth City, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
June 7, 1924, edition 2
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