ii
leas
Wonia
By Professor Benjamin Andrews,
Chancellor of the University of Nebraska.
LTIIOUGIl the ideal of man is agreed cn and confirmed
from time to time, in the case of -woman tliere nre various
Ideals and with numerous intelligent adherents. These
ideals are so different that not all of them can be correct.
I will mention three principal ones, from which there are, of
course, many variations.
First, there is the masculine ideal of woman the notion
that she is to be as strong and as much like man as possible. Then there
is the reverse Idea. She is to be merely a pet, a plaything simply an ad
Jectlve, as it were. And thirdly, there is what I will call the substantive
Ideal she is to be like a nun. The different ideals of woman vary indefi
nitely in peculiarity, all the way from the first to the third. '
A woman's life is not any more than a man's incomplete or a failure by
Tlrtue of the fact of celibacy. But the ideal woman must be a woman, not
masculine. She is a substantive member or unit in society, not a mere ad
jective, like Dickens' Dora; and the question is, bow can these requirements
be combined? For the ideal woman must be sweet and strong at once.
8 science 02 merest
Zo)ls IIK profession of forest
llih MM 's rapidly assuming in
T
;ry0
V Climatic Necessity.
try, unknown not very many years
nportanee in the eyes ot the world.
!! ; It cannot too ouicklv become important in the minds of
I Americans, for at the rate at which the lumbermen arc tie-
spoiling our woodlands it will not be long before we shall
have not only no forests, but no climate worth mentioning.
It may make some difference with the practical ones to
explain that there is prolit as well as principle in taking care
of one's trees.
The little kingdom of Saxony, which is about as large as the State of
Connecticut, is said to have the best regulated system of forestry in the
world. .
The timbered land is supervised by graduates of a regular course of
training in this science, who have been taught chemistry, physics, miner
alogy, zodlogy, mechanics, geology, mathematics, botany, surveying, for
estry proper, and the provisions of the game and fish laws.
The forests are said to be worth ?SO,000,000, and by preserving them an
annual revenue of nearly three and a quarter millions is derived.
After the salaries -of the foresters are paid and all other expenses met,
the State gets two and a quarter millions out of this revenue. It is wealth
on such a scale as this that reckless and unscrupulous lumber companies
ltave been destroying for us.
And we Americans call ourselves the most practical people on earth,
and consider the German mind dreamy and unpractical.
It looks very much as if the people of this land had been living under
the impression that the Government had literally money to burn. New
York News.
j? jS7
Education as a Reserve Po
By Orison Swett Mar den.
,K of our great iron manufacturers, a man who is success
fully controlling the labor of thousands of men, recently said
that the best thing for a young man to do is to go to work, to
get into business as early as possible. He decried the idea of
getting a college education and acquiring culture. This man
will probably become one of the richest men in the country,
and, twenty years hence, when he shall have grown tired ol
accumulating money, he wili not know how to get any high
enjoyment out of it. His intellectual tastes must remain
crude, and undeveloped.
There are too many such men in America, ranging from millionaires
to men with small fortunes. They are thus numerous because so many of
our young men rush into business, in their eagerness to make money, with
out having received an adequate education for mental training and growth
late in life. It is well-nigh impossible for most of such men to acquire
habits of study after thirty. The intellect, at lhat age, has been formed to
bold and associate certain kinds of images, ideas, and thoughts, and only
by efforts that ninety-nine men in a hundred cannot make can such mental
habits be formed. One of the hardest tasks is for a mature but illiterate
miad to learn to love reading. Illiteracy, tixed by habit, holds the mind as
a vise clamps iron.
But the uneducated men most to be pitied are those who have reached
middle life without success. Education is the one thing they need, and
their chances of acquiring it have become even" more uncertain thn those
of the men who have achieved partial o' complete success in acquiring
property and influence. They lack power and self-eonlidence, gifts that
Mich minds can acquire only by early training and discipline. "Failed for
lack of an education" would be a fit epitaph for many an unfortunate.
J27
atrimony,
miD&nce
and Longevity
By Edgar Saltus.
ROFESSOIt THORNDIKE, of Columbia University, discusses
in the current issue of a popular periodical two proposi
tions of general interest. First, that men of eminence
marry young; second, that matrimony is good for them.
The prior proposition is uncontrovertible. Shining ex
amples are superabundant. Last week, or the week be
fore, the Sultan of Zanzibar was married. The Sultan is
precisely seventeen. In Zanzibar he is certainly eminent.
Then .w-i'e is Mr. Reginald vanderbilt. Mr. Vanderbilt ,1s twenty-three.
He is not married yet, but he is going to be. If we may believe everything
we hear, and that is always such a pleasure, he also Js an eminent young
man.
Then, too, there is the German, Kaiser. Concerning his eminence, it
would be Majestats-verbrecben to express a doubt. This gentleman married
at an age so tender that the next morning he was up before breakfast
treating the guards to a drill.
There is, moreover, Mr. Sage. His eminence is equally unquestionable.
Just when he married we are not quite certain, but we are sure that it oc
curred in prehistoric times.
In view of these examples Frofessor Thorndike's proposition may be ac
cepted with ease. But it3 corollary is not so clear. Matrimony, particularly
when the party of the second part happens to be of a tempestuous disposi
tion, is highly chastening, and that, too, whether you are eminent or not
.As such it is beneficial to us all. Yet concerning its further advantages,
political economists manifest an occasional reserve.
To this reserve Dr. Schwatz has latterly supplied an accent. Dr. Schwatz
is a BfTlinese scientist. In a recent monograph he contended that matri
mony is not merely beneficial, but conducive to longevity. With an in
genuity which we can only qualify as lovable, he produced in support of
j be contention a number of centenarians, ne showed that each f them
bad married, and 'that all were widowers. Which latter fact, however,
proves or seems to prove not so much perhaps that matrimony is conducive
to longevity, but rather that he who survives matrimony can survive any.
thing. New York American and Journal.
A St-irntlfic Test.
A physician : utile ;:au:htn who
had given her b ad a hard thump on
the jddewalk, cried out to h. r n.v,
-Oh, mamma! I did k'eock my head
o bard, but" feeling the pretty mem
ber over carefully-' 'I dvri't think u-.y
brain's hurt, because I tried it, and 1
! can spell c-a-t, cat; c-a-t, cat and c-a-t
i , . . ...
dues spoil eat, iluiit.' lm sure my
brain's all right.'" Judge.
Some men get mighty little pay, am
yet work for all they are woth.
Soundings' have shown that the
ocean basins are ..comparative! steep
sided and flat floored. The greatest
depth yet found is 31,(514 feet, in the
Western Pacific, near the island of
Guam (latitude twelve degrees forty
five minutes north, longitude 115 de
grees forty-five minutes east) An
other place of great depth, 30,l!b feet,
is in the Pacific, near the Fiji Islands.
The deepest sounding yet made in the
Atlantic is 27,3(5(5 feet, or over five
miles, in a local depression 100 miles
north of Porto Rico. West Indies.
It is always cold :it the bottom of
the sea. the influence of the warm sur
face currents not extending below 100
fathoms. In the greater depths the
temperature is always close to Hie
freezing point. In the' tropics the dif
ference between surface and bottom
temperatures .is frequently more than
forty-live degrees. From 100 fathoms
dawn, or throughout the waters be
yond the inltuence et the sun. temper
atures remain practically unchanged.
The low temperature there is due to
the cold water from the Polar regions,
which sinks and gradually spreads it
self over the ocean bed.
Dr. Victor Yaughan. of Ann Arbor.
Mich., at the annual meeting of the
American Medical Association, read a
paper in which he said that the steril
ization of milk, as ordinnri'j carried
out. and even the Pasteurisation of if.
is not desirable, but that perfectly
fresh milk from the cow, with certain
common-sense modifications, is the
best food for the baby. The high death
rate from summer diseases among
.children, which continues, notwith
standing the sterilization of milk, ho
attributes to failure in sterilization.
Our aim should be, he says, to take
care of the milk and prevent its con
tamination. Many leading physicians
express similar views.
The United States Consul-f!nieral at
Berlin sends to the Stale Department
some interesting details of the recent
trial of high-speed electric motors by
the Prussian State Railway Adminis
tration. The track used had been put
in thorough repair, and at ordinary
speed everything worked perfectly, but
when a speed of eighty-one miles an
hour was reached and exceeded new
and serious conditions were encoun
tered. The rails and ties hot Ii proved
too light for so great a strain: the
track began to give way and the side
swaying of the cars increased seri
ously The highest speed attained
was ninety-nine miles an hour on two
occasions, but, as the result of condi
tions then developed, the experiments
were discontinued. Up to a speed of
eighty-one miles an hour, however,
they proved successful and satisfac
tory. Much attention is now being given
in many States to the subject of con
tagion among the children of the
schools, and every effort on Ihe part
of health boards and the school au
thorities is making to impress 1 lie
child with the importance of cleanly
'habits. The Providence iR. I.) Board
of Health has sent a circular letter to
the teachers in the public schools ask
ing that they teach the children the
importance of observing the following
rules: "Don't spit, either on the slate,
the tloor or the sidewalk; don't put
the fingers in the mouth; don't pick
the nose; don't put a pencil in the
mouth or moisten it with the lips;
don't wet the finger with saliva in
turning the pages of a book; don't put
money of any kind in the mouth; don't
put pins in the mouth; don't swap with
other children anything that is put
into the mouth, such as apples, candy,
chewing-gum, whistles or beau-blowers;
don't cough or sneeze, while fac
ing another person; wash the face and
hands often.
Curious Royal Cnilomi.
In the domains of royalty, says the
London Tattler, the rigid observance
of ancient customs Is not altogether
without its humorous aspect. In the
Spanish court it is the custom on the
birth of a royal Infant to place the off
spring of royalty upon a silver tray
and thus tender the child to its father,
who exclaims. '"It is a Prince," or
Princess, as the case may be. In
Russia the Czar, when going out for a
drive, must on no account permit any
one to know beforehand what road he
intends to take; as the drive pro-ff-wsses
the driver is directed where
u go. In both the Russian and Aus
trian courts no dish must be placed a
second time at the royal table, even
though it had not been touched the
first time it was served. Our own
court Is freer than any other from
such customs, which are usually re
tained at the sacrifice of common
sense The sound common sense
which is as characteristic of King
F.dward as it was of his mother has
always been opposed to antiquated
ceremonials at court.
Gas was first used as a street illn
minant in Baltimore, gas lamps being
introduced in that city in the year
181 C ' ..
T
SOUTHERN fARM fWTES.
TOPICS OF INTEREST TO THE PLANTER, ST0CXX.1.V .VW TP.UCK GROWER.
A Handy Uraln Llif
The plan of a device to take sacks
of grain up in a loft nine feet from the
ground over a corncrib is furnished
to the Ohio Farmer by a correspond
ent, who says: We put one foot of
gravel in the corncrib for a good
ii i'Kv'lr .." ,-
ti ; i t I I I I i I I
CllATN LIFT,
drive, leaving eight feet. The lop of
the wagon is four feel, leaving four
feet from the lower er.d of the lift to
the roller on the edge of the loft floor.
The length of the lift from this point
up is eight feet, made in the siyle of
a ladder. When the sack is set on at
II (see first cut), by taking hold of the
lift at F the sack can be swung out
very easily. The farther out the sack
goers the more purchase you have at
F, and when the sack is on a line from
E to 15 (second cut) it will naturally
run in itself because the lift will be
in a shape to make it down grade from
F to G, and after the sack passes the
roller, A, the trucks at I will run on
the floor, and you have a complete
truck. The stop, (', does not want to
come below the line from F to G.
If this device is made of good sea
soned red elm, 2x1 scantling, it is very
light, and grain can be taken up more
rapidly and a great deal more easily
ton, using the funds thus saved to
purchase increased amounts of phos
phates or ether necessary non-nit rog
cnous fertilizers. The money that
would have been necessary to purchase
one pound of nitrogen will buy about
three pounds of phosphoric acid or of
potash, which larger purchases of phos
phate and potash will enable the farm
er to grow heavier crops of legumes
and heavier crops of legumes trap
larger amounts of otherwise un.nail
nble atmospheric nitrogen and result in
further soil enrichment.
In the writer's opinion the most
promising method ' of increasing the
yield of cotton per acre and the profits
of cotton culture is by a more get'. era 1
use of leguminous plants as fertilizers..
Those invaluable allies are by Koine
farmers utilized and appreciated, but
their use Viigh!o increased twenty-j
fold with advantage to the current
crop, to the permanent upbuilding of
the soil and to the tilling of the farm
er's pocket. It is nutting the case very
mildly to say lhat the average yield
of cotton per acre in Alabama might
j lie increased by a least fifty per cent.
through the general u;:u of legumes as
fertilizers.
JMUbMKJU
8 FC
DETAILS OF GRAIN XIFT.
than to carry it up the steps on your
shoulder. The wheels can generally
be found in some machine agent's pile
of old iron. The cost is but a tritle, and
any person can make oue with but few
fools. It will save your back, and that
is quite an item in this generation.
Slireddinj; Vs. railing; Fodder.
" That the cornstalk is a valuable hay
plant has been settled. It is no longer
a matter of controversy. Shredded
corn hay is about as good as any other
hay. This crop does not have to be
planted and made, but is already
made. It is simply a question of tak
ing care of Avhat you have on hand.
There are millions of dollars' worth
of cornstalks standing in the fields of
the South, ready to be made into first
class food. There is from one to two
tons per acre of this hay standing in
every corn field in the South. It is
plainly your duty to cut and save it.
To those of you who have not yet
pulled fodder, we wish to say that It
is cheaper to cit and shred, than it is
to pull fodder. It does not iujure the
corn to cut the cornstalks, but actually
helps it.
Numerous experiments carefully
made, prove conclusively that the corn
fills .out better and weighs, more when
cured in this way than when permitted
to stand in the field. The stalks made
into hay are worth nearly as much as
the grain, so that you about double
the value of your corn crop by shred
ding the stalks.
To those of you who have already
pulled your fodder, we wish to say the
staikS'areiyet worth saviug and" shred
ding. While It is true that ;c i have
lost something and spen,.it'i?, ,ng in
pulling the fodder, yo sive
your stalks. Prompt attemlfijo liis
matter v.ll go a loug way toward sup
ply'Vg roughage for the cattle thror.gb
the winter.
So we again say with all the em
phasis that we know how, cut your
corn and shred it into hay instead of
pulling fodder. Learn a new and bet
ter way instead of following in the
old one.
We are not able to go on with our
old-fashioned, wasteful ways of farm
ing. We must learn (1o practice more
economy. Southern Cultivator.
Fertilizing Cotton.
Considering permanency cf effect as
well as influence on the crop immedi
ately following, the cow pea and other
leguminous pleats must be ranked as
a cheaper source of nitrogen than is
any nitrogenous material Avhich may
be bought as commercial fertilizers,
says J. F. Duggar, of Alabama. The
aim of the cotton farmer should be to
grow such areas of legumes as will
enable him to dispense with the pur
chase of witrogenoua fertilizers for col-
tintfliiig; Cucumbers.
It is not geneially known that cideus.
and even cucumbers ami other herbace
ous plants may be grafted quite suc
cessfully, and surprising effects may
often be secured by such opeiution.
To graft colons, choose vigorous young
plants, cut horizontally to the wood
where it is a little smaller limn an or
dinary lead pencil, and spiit the stock,
in the centre of the (op, about one inch
deep. The stock and base scion of
course must b, of same thickness, so
that '.he rinds meet. Use firm lit:ie
cuttings, not too soft, about one and
a half inches long, for scions. Cut
wedge shaped, one inch in deptii, and
insert into the split stock. Bind wuh.
soft worsted. The plants should Ik.
kept in a propagating case or in a tem
perature of seventy to eighty degrees
and remain shaded until the union i
formed
A Convenient Con: Crib.
The illustration shows a corn crib
which is satisfactory, where a small
amount of corn is to bo kept. It can
be made any size desired, but possibly
one twenty-five by twelve feet is i lie
most satisfactory. The sides may bo
made of any kind of rough boards
placed about three inches apart, or
cEin in rosirioN.
strips of wood of any character can be
used provided the openings between
them is not wider than four inches.
The roof is made out of ordinary rough
boards, with battens over the cracks.
The crib should be placed at least
a foot above the ground, so that it will
not harbor rats. The one shown in the
engraving is supported by two large
sills. Pillars of brick or blocks of
wood can be used.
A Standi ok Keproach.
The scarcity of good fruit trees on'
many farms Is a standing reproach to
the owners of said farms. A pound of
pecan nuts planted in October or Xo--ti
vemoer in me rignc piace win sooiw
give pecans in abundance. Then the
ordinary chestnut will flourish on all
the riedmout hills. Save seed from
good peaches and plant them in Octo
ber. Cultivate them well next summer
and you will have large trees to plant
the following . year. Be sure to plant
out a few choice apple tud pear tree
this winter. Remember that a good
orchard and a good garden are the
chief factors in a good living. How
could a table be made attractive with
out fresh vegetables and choice fruits?
-The Cotton Plant.
OUl-Fasliioned Vegetables.
Plant old-fashioned homely vegeta
bles, beans to string, lady peas, sum
mer squash, pumpkins, lima beans.
That old favorite of the housewife, the
Creascback bean, is almost proo:
against rain and heat. Tomatoes cfiT
bo grown in summer, in light soils, un
der the shelter of brush breaking half"
the suns (line, for the tomato will not
brook a total deprivation of the sun
shine. But with soil.j retaining water"
in sight even a few moments on the
surface, it is useless to experiment
with the tomato any longer. Florida r
Agriculturist.
MP