mMtioft In the
By Max Nordau.
iMBITION is Bowhere else
America. This is natural, for in no other country is indi
vidualism so highly differentiated as in America, or man so
full of inborn energy,
"-and self-confidence; so
to recognize the value of
may find expression.
To this it must be added that in America the instances
in which men have risen from the most humble beginnings to the most
fabulous destinies are more numerous and striking than anywhere else.
!A. Lincoln who develops from a woodcutter into a President; a Schwab
who, at twenty years, earned a dollar a day, and, at thirty-five, has a sal
ary of a quarter of a million; a Carnegie who, as a youth, did not know
Where to find a shilling to buy primers, and, as a man in mature life, does
not know how to get rid reasonably and usefully of his three hundred
million dollars, must suggest to every woodcutter, every "buttons," every
factory apprentice with the scantiest elementary schooling, the idea that it
depends wholly on himself whether or not he shall tread in the foot
steps of a Lincoln, a Schwab, or a Carnegie, and reach the goal that these
celebrities lmve' attained.
i The Ilor'atian "Aurea mediocritas" has nowhere else so few partisans
as in America. "Everybody ahead!" is the National motto. I suppress,
intentionally.v the second half of the smart sentence. The universal ideal
of the American people seems to be success. The dream of success feeds
the fancy of the child, hypnotizes the youth, gives the man temerity,
"tenacity, and perseverance, and only begins to become a matter of indiffer
ence under the sobering influence of advanced age.
"Success," however, is but one of those vague words which mean noth
ing definite, but which, like "freedom," or "progress," are mere recipients
filled by everybody with contents distinctively his own. Success.
A Collegiate Education
By Cliauncey M. Depew.
T has been my fortune,
terprises, to become intimately acquainted with hundreds
of men, who, without any equipment whatever of educa
tion, have accumulated millions of dollars. I never met
with one of them whose regret was not profound and
deep and poignant that he had not an education.
I never met one of them who did not feel in the pres
ence of cultured people a certain sense of mortification
which no money paid for. I never met one of them who
was not prepared to sacrifice his whole fortune that his boy should never
feel the same mortification.
Our language comes, in part, from the Latin and Greek. Our literature
Is in itself a sort of Latin and Greek. The man or the woman who knows
Latin and Greek takes jp the paper and reads the editorial or the maga
zine and scans the page, or the book of poetry or prose and looks at the
illustrations, and there is a meaning in the word with the (Jreek or Latin
derivation which comes to him uneonsciouslj'; there is a suggestion of a
classie flavor in the illustrations which gives them a delight; so that you
find university people readers to the day of their death, and business people
leaders until they go into business.
In the older countries of the world the higher education had always
been a privilege. In these United States of America a liberal education
is a duty.
There the institutions of government rest upon thrones, rest upon
classes, rest upon caste. There the higher education endangers the caste
and undermines the throne. Here liberty rests upon the intelligence of the
people, and it is pure or it is base according to the character of that intel
ligence. Every college is an insurance company against anarchy and socialism.
Every fully equipped end thoroughly educated boy and girl is a missionary
for the right in the State, in society, in religion and in morals.
Mo More H Asleep at ihe S witch"
By George H. Daniels.
GCk Brgi SLEEP at the Switch" could not have been written if the
. great railroad systems of the poet's time had been what they
y are now. If the author of those thrilling verses had not
i taken time by the forelock, amateur recitationists of to-day
would have to depend entirely on "Woodman, Spare That
Tree," or "Curfew Shall Not Ring To-night." For the melodramatic situa
tion used to such advantage the switchman snoring at his post, the train
coming madly ou through the night and saved in the very .pick of time by
a maiden with her hair standing on end would not be true to life in these
lays. Like the times, railroads have changed for the better and the fate
of a traiuload of passengers is no longer left to a single man Avho may or
may not snuggle up to his switch and take a nap.
With the "block" system now in operation ou the main lines, a man
"asleep at the switch" would practically stop the running of trains for miles
back. The sleeper, in other words, would virtually tie up the operation of the
3-oad until some one woke him up. For the object of the block system is
to block trains, to keep them a certain distance apart. A block is the dis
tance between towers the distance varying all the way from less than 1500
feet to over three miles. Only one train is allowed in a block at a time.
The system is so -simple that it can be described in a few words. The
signals at each tower are controlled by the man in the tower ahead. That
is, no towerman can give the signal "All clear" until that signal is unlocked
by his co-laborer in the next tower. Thus, a train leaving Grand Central
Station is controlled as follows: On approaching tower one the towerman
asks tower two for "an unlock by ringing three bells. If block is clear be
tween towers one and two, towerman at tower two unlocks tower cue by
pushing a plunger in a cabinet. Tower one then clears signals, and after the
train has passed he announces the train approaching tower two by ringing
four bells. And this method is carried out all the way to the end of the
line.
Still, the block system does not a her the old rule for trainmen. When
a train stops at an unusual place, the trainman, as in former days, must
hurry back over the track for at least three-quarters of a mile, and place
a torpedo on the track. Then he must continue further back one mile and
place two torpedoes. If his train pulls away before another train comes
along, he picks up the torpedo nearest the train, leaving the others on the
track.
Torpedoes are called audible signals. When the engineer strikes the first
torpedo he slows up, and if he docs not strike a third he knows then that
the track has been cleared' and again goes abend full speed. If he strikes
two torpedoes, however, he slows vj and proceeds with extreme caution,
knowing there is danger within one mile ahead. At night, in audition to the
torpedoes, the trainman must light a fusee, a red light, which burns exactly
ten minutes. An engineer coming upon one of these fusees knows that a
train is ahead within ten minutes, and !floes not proceed until the fusee has
lrarned ouf. .;..-
Aluminum Gold.
New remarkable properties of alum
inum are still being discovered. Its
lightness, ductility ai;d strength are
well understood, but even thse quali
ties are being constantly developed and
enlarged. Mixed with a Final! quanti
ty of gold, a beautiful ruby tinted,
mcirl is produced thu; can he used i'or
decorative art. It ! said thut a com
paratively tiiin lu-et or ihti njeial Avill
turn a I u!h t. Wire I:r..s been u
IM
ted States1
so general ami so boundless as in
so rich in initiative, resource, optimism
little tethered by pedantry, so willing
a brilliant personality, however this
s'sential to Success
as business associate in many en
from it a3 fine as and not much heav
ier than a fine silk fiber. In violins it
produces a tone as fine as the most
perfect Stradivarius. The racing
:-ht-lls made o2 it are constructed of
sheets only one-nineteenth of an inch
thick, that are as strong as an inch
beard and less liable to break. It does
not tarnish and nclib have no effect
noon it. Hate hordes are shed wlih it.
Wound-: are sewn v.: with 111-? wire.
' V. .- and Metals.
THE MiND OF THE CHILD.'
I5o Happy if You Iluve a lloistevous In
la nt Tlio New Scholastic Ideal,
In the next annual report of the Com
missioner of Education will appear a
paper entitled 'Inhibition: A Study of
Child Character," which will deal with
the ideas that dwell in the brain of a
very young' child and are developed
into thought. The data concerning the
development of the child mind were
gathered from recorded observations of
hundreds of children, while they were
at Avork or play. Deductions are made,
from the facts presented, that over-exertion,
particularly of a mental nature,
is injurious to ihe child that the
young mind in the course of growth
may bo permanently Injured by over
study; that Avhen a child is growing
rapidly he Is disinclined to exercise,
and on the other hand, that too much
exercise Avill check growth.
The report saj's that restlessness In
children up to six or seven years of age
is a good sign, but a bad sign after
that age. The report says: "The rest
less child should naturally develop into
a man of action. Mothers Avho have
restless children can get comfort out of
the fact that this condition sIioavs a
normal and desirabledevelopment. The
boisterous child is as a rule a peculiar
ly good animal. ,
A quiet, child, the report says, is not
necessarily one that Avill develop into a
bright man or Avouian. Such a condi
tion in a child is often the result of
rapid groAvth or of sickness.
The report concludes: "We are suffer
ing from a false idea of education,
which has "been handed doAvn to us
from the Renaissance. We seem to
think that to master books is the only
Avay to become learned, and that to be
come learned is the object of educa
tion. One can gain nothing by second
hand information from books, and the
object of education is not to make men
scholars. The time when a man can
become learned from books is' already
passed. We live in an age of science,
and observation and experiment are
fundamental methods. Our ideal stu
dent is no longer an emaciated con
sumptive, with a wet toAvel about his
brow, bending over his tome in the
small hours of the morning, but rather
a well-rounded man of the world; one
who knoAvs books, but who knows
men and affairs as well; one Avho has
drunk deeply from every experience
an honorable life can offer him; one
who has ideals of action as Avell as of
thought."
The Men Who Itreak Down.
When a man standing at the head of
a vast business breaks down the papers
begin to talk of the enormous pressure
of modern life, especially in the lines
of finance and industrial activity.
There are railway presidents "who
stand a great amount of business
strain, but they Avaste none of their
energies, and are temperate, as all
men of great affairs must be, if they
would hold their own in these busy
days.
While a great business involves large
responsibilities, a strong man at the
head of it Avill be found to have se
lected capable assistants, often younger
men Avith great poAver of resisting
strain. The railway president, bank
president or head of a trust has his
staff; his business is systematized, and
a large part of his Avorth to his cor
poration consists in his ability to pick
good men for responsible places.
When one comes to look over the list
of men broken clown in business it is
among those having small business
that the greater number Avill be found.
The man in a small way rarely can
afford to have capable assistants; he
must "do it all himself," and hence
worry and overdoing. There is more of
a chance for brain fag in a small shop
or agency than in a big business. Mex
ican Herald.
TJie Law Business.
OvercroAvding is the motto of the
day. The factories are overcroAvded.
The theatres are overc:. owded. The
only reason why one does not say that
the street ears are overcrowded, is that
they are something Avorse. All such
overcroAvdiugs, however, are spar?c
ness and loneliness compared Avitii
the overeroAvding of the bar. In 1801
there were fifty-eight law schools Avith
15073 students. Now, according to an
estimate made by Professor Huffcutt,
of Cornell, there are 120 schools wilh
14,000 students. Meanwhile the num
ber of full fledged lawyers in the
United Stales is said by the last census
to be about 114,000. No other profes
sion, with the exception of teaching
and of medicine, Is so populous. Chi
cago Tribune.
A Giant Without Strength.
A peculiar story is brought by the
delayed Australian mails this AAeek.
At Warrnabool, Victoria, an applica
tion for an "old age pension" Avas made
on behalf of a young man named Mc
Lean, whose height is seven feet four
inches, and his age twenty-four years.
It was stated that owing to a heart
weakness this youthful Goliath avouUI
never be able to Avork. and that he had
no one to rely on for support. For
some time lie had been an inmate of
the local hospital, where tAVo beds had
lo be placed together in order to ae
ronnnodate his recumbent form. It
was officially promised that his case
would be laid before the ministry.
J
ft. .mb
9,
4
SOUTHERN
aw. v v . ... , l..w t J Ml. -11,1
The PoiiUrr Industry in tho South.
The poultry industry of the South
when compared Avilh other sections of
the United States seems to be almost
in its infancy, yet at the same time, in
Eastern Tennessee, eggs and poultry
are among the leading exports. Ship
ments from some of the leading towns
are very heavy. How much more val
uable the poultry industry Avould be
if thoroughbred stock Avas the rule,
and a better quality of poultry put on
the market.
Thoroughbred stock dees not com
mand the prices in the South, because
the farmers have not been educated up
to fancy prices, and many cannot see
that eggs from a $30 hen are any more
valuable than any other setting. A
lady in Tennessee had some valuable
chickens, for which she had paid a
large price. A neighbor cam.? and
Avanted "a settin' of aigs." She asked
him Avhat be expected to pay. "Well,
lie reckoned, about fifteen cents." She
told him they Avere Avortli for fifteen.
He Avent aAvay very indignant because
she would not let him have them for
fifteen cents. Another neighbor Avant
ed to "SAvap" eggs.
In some of the markets chickens
range from fifteen cents up to twenty
or thirty. A good hen often bringing
lAventy-five cents regardless of condi
tion. The average price of ducks is
fifteen cents. Here in Dayton, chick
ens will bring from twenty-five cents
up to seventy cents each, dressed,
plump and fat.
Now, why -should this be so? Cli
matic conditions are much more favor
able in many parts of the South, espe
cially Tennessee, than. hero. At Bir
mingham eggs Avere among the "not to
be thought of luxuries" all Avinter, and
most of these cold storage, and hardly
worth carrying home. By the way,
Congress should impose a tax upon
cold storage eggs after they reach a
certain age.
There is a great future for the poul
try business in the South. Feecl costs
less, as chickens can provide for them
selves the greater part of the year, un
less kept up in too close quarters; the
gravelly soil in many places supplies
the necessary grit. Fall chickens can
be gotten ready for the holiday mar
ket. Early broilers are more easily
raised. In fact, the South is an ideal
poultry country. There is one draw
back, and that it, It is more difficult to
keep the fowls free from vermin, but
if the proper precautions are taken
they may be kept free from even that
annoying enemj'. Some poultry rais
ers AVill tell you-that cholera, is so bad
in the South that they lose so many
chickens each year from that disease.
It is doubtful whether a case of chol-
era Avas ever in their flocks. Vermin
will make a fowl get light in Aveight,
droop, comb and Avaltles become pale,
and finally die Avith every symptom of
cholera.
Some of the large breeds will do
equally as well in the South as in the
North. The Plymouth Rock is a relia
ble fowl in any locality. The Lang
shan is an excellent winter -layer, and
adapts itself admirably to the Southern
climate.
The success with a flock of hens de
pends upon good management, as in
any other line of business. The same
per cent, of attention must be given to
all the details required in the poultry
business. Proper food for egg produc
tion, pure water, good ventilation, grit
and cleanliness. Poultry gives the best
returns for the least care of any other
Industry on Ihe farm. The farmer
cares for bis stables and neglects his
henhouse, at the same time the hens
are paying their way as they go, while
may be the horses are not.
Tho Southern hen Avill do as much
for the South as the Kansas hen has
done for that State if given half a
-.i:v..ce. Too many poultry owners do
not handle their flocks to produce the
best results.
Unlike Greely we Avould advise the
active young man to go South, espe
cially if he intended going into the
poultry business. Poultry raising for
egg production alone near some of the
largest cities would be a very paying
business. Take the Langsban and Ply
mouth Rocks for Avinter layers, and
some of the Mediterranean breeds, as
Leghorns and Ancovas. Study their
habits and the conditions required for
egg production. Market only good
fresh eggs. Get the reputation and the
business will come. Sadie A. Berry.
Water For Sheep.
An important point in successful
sheep management is the water supply.
While good water -Is a good thing in
growing all kinds of live stock, it is
especially so with the sheep, 'which is
not only a dainty feeder but a dainty
drinker, and will only take bad, stag
nant water into its stomach when
driven to it by thirst.
Not only will it suffer for the want
of drink when the supply is bad, but
it is subject to more diseases, usually
parasitic, that have their origin in pol
luted water than any other of the do
mestic aDi0.als, Where the flocks get
JARM fiOTES.
fc.ll U VWil ""I" w . , - - - I.
A
their supply from surface water
courses liable to pollution of all kinds,
sick sheep may be expected, with the
aggravation that it is often impo.iruble
to determine Avhat to do for them.
With such a source of supply, also,
a rainy season. ..which Avashes tho soil,
from long distances and brings down
accumulations of filth, is likely to irH
crease the amount of obscure disease
in the flock. It is also no" unusual cause,
of scours in lambs. Wo generally look
for the cause of scours in the feed, but
quite as often it is due to impure
Avater. Everybody is familiar with the dis
turbance in the human family, particu
larly in hot Aveather. Avhich follows flu
use of bad Avater. The stomach of tho
lamb, and even the sheep, is quite as
susceptible to dangers from this source
as is that of tho shepherd. We often
see flocks on fairly good pastures, that
ought to do Avell so far as feed is
concerned, showing a lack of thrift
and a general dullness for which there
seems to be at first blush no apparent
reason. Very often an examination of
the Avater supply will reveal the cause.
Atlanta Journal.
Cheap 3Iovalla Hos Fen..
A cheap movable hog pen is shown in
our illustration. Use four pieces 3x3
inch stuff, each three feet long for the
corner posts, and eight S-inch hoards
OUTLINE OP PEST.
any Hmgth desired for the sides. Nail
bottom boards six inches from the
ground and the top ones eight inches
above the others. Place a trough at
one end and secure by cleats and strips
nailed to posts. To prevent shoats
jumping out, additional strips can bo
nailed above or a smooth fencing wire
strung round at top. Raise the pen up
at one end, call three or four shoats
and drop the inclosure over them. The
hogs will thoroughly root, up and
manure the inclosure. Two men can
move the pen. J. G. Allshouse.
The Value of Humus.
Farmers now have an opportunity to
study the A'alue of humus in the soil.
Several consecutive years of hoed crops
will exhaust the vegetable matter even
in new grounds. Then the red clay
soils and black jack soils bake very
hard after a rain. Sandy soils get
very close and root development is ar
rested. Stable and lot manure supply
humus and plant food at the same
lime. But no farmer can make enough
such manure to keep up his laud. Stub
ble and. weeds after small grain help
land someAvhat. But the quickest and
best supply of humus Is to be secured
from the pea vine. Nature's way of re
storing lands in North Carolina is to
begin with broom sedge, followed by
briers and plum bushes, after which
the old field pine comes in and finishes
the job. That is a sIoav process and re
quires twenty-fie to forty jears. But
in fiA'e years an intelligent farmer may,
restore the thinnest land in .e State,
provided it has a good subsoil, by sow
ing peas and small grain and deep
plowing. Cotton Plant.
A Milking; Uevlcet
The use of a heavy rope in a circle
about a cow's flanks is a well-known,
device for keeping a coav's tail still
during milking time, but the best part
of such a help is usually left off the
rope. It is a bit of cord with a weight.
IN FLY TIME.
at the end that is tied to the rope..
When the latter is in use the cord is
looped about the tail, as shown in the
cut and holds the tail within bounds.
Without this cord the cow will switch
her tail about Inside the circle of rope
and will often get It out entirely. W.
D., in the American Agriculturist.
Ead For Swine.
Cottonseed meal should never be
given to swine. They thrive on it for
a feAV weeks and then begin lo die; It
appears to have a poisonous effect.