WILSON INDUCTED
INTO HIGH OFFICE
Inauguration of Twenty-Seventh
President Is Witnessed by
Great Crowds.
MARSHALL SWORN IN FIRST
Simple Ceremony In Senate Chamber
Followed by More Impressive
Affair on East Portico of
the Capitol.
By GEORGE CLINTON.
Washington, March 4. In the pres
ence of a vast throng of his fellow citi
zens, Woodrow Wilson today stood in
front of the east portico of the capitol
and took the oath of president of the
United States. Thomas R. Marshall
already had been sworn in as vice
president, and with the completion of
the ceremony the ship of state was
manned by the Democratic party,
which had been ashore for sixteen
years.
As the new chief executive of the
nation stood with bared head, Ed
ward Douglass White, chief justice of
the Supreme court, held before him
the Bible always used in the cere
mony. Mr. Wilson placed his hands
upon the book and in a voice strong,
though somewhat affected by emotion,
swore to support the Constitution and
the laws of the country and tp perform
the duties of his high office to the best
of his ability.
Thomas Riley Marshall swore feal
ty to the Constitution and to the
people in the senate chamber, where
for four years it will be his duty to
preside over the deliberations of the
members of the Upper house of con
gress. Severely Simple Ceremonies.
Both of the ceremonies proper were
conducted in a severely simple but
most impressive manner. The sur
roundings of the scene of the presi
dent's induction into office, however,
were not so simple, for it was an out-of-door
event and the great gathering
of military, naval and uniformed civil
organizations gave much more than a
touch of splendor to the scene.
In the senate chamber, where the
the oath was taken by the man now
vice-president of the United States,
there "were gathered about 2.000
people, all that the upper house will
contain without ithe risk of danger
because of the rush and press of the
multitudes. It is probable that no
where el3e in the United States at
any time are there gathered an equal
number of men and women whose
names are so widely known. The
gathering in the senate chamber and
later on the east portico of the capi
tol was composed largely of those
prominent for their services in Amer
ica, and in part of foreigners who
have secured places for their names
in the current history of the world's
doings.
The arrangements of the ceremonies
for the inauguration of Woodrow Wil
s.pn and Thomas Riley Marshall were
made by the joint committee on ar
rangements of congress. The senate
President, Woodrow Wilson.
section of this committee was ruled
by a majority of Republicans, but
there is Democratic testimony to the
fact that the Republican senators
were willing to outdo their Democratic
brethren in the work of making or
derly and impressive the inaugural
ceremonies in honor of two chieftains
of the opposition.
Ride to the Capitol.
President Taft and President-elect
Wilson rode together from the White
House to the capitol, accompanied by
two members of the congressional
committee of arrangements. The vice-president-elect
also rode from the
White House to the capitol and in the
carriage with him were the senate's
president pro tempore. Senator Bacon
of Georgia, and three members of the
congressional committee of arrange
ments.
The vice-president-elect took the
oath just before noon in accordance
with custom and prior to its taking
by the president-elect. Every arrange
ment for the senate chamber pro
ceedings had been made eo that they
moved forward easily and with a cer
tain ponderous grace.
Marshall Sworn In.
The admission to the senate cham
ber to witness the oath-taking of the
vice-president was by ticket, and it
ia needless to say every seat was
mmmmmmmmm
y
occupied. On the floor of xthe cham
ber were many former members of
the senate who, because of the fact
that they cnce held membership in
that body, were given the privileges
of the floor. After the hall was filled
and all the minor officials of govern
ment and those privileged to witness
the ceremonies were seated, William
H. Taft and Woodrow Wilson, preced
ed by the sergeant-at-arms and the
committee of arrangements, entered
the senate chamber. They were fol
lowed Immediately by Vice-Presidentelect
Thomas R, Marshall, leaning
upon the arm of the president pro
tempore of the senate who, after the
seating of the incoming vice-president,
took his place as presiding officer of
the senate and of the day's proceed
ings. The president and the president
elect sat in the first row of seats di
rectly in front and almost under the
desk of the presiding officer. In the
same row, but to their left, were the
vice-president-elect and two former
vice-presidents of the United States,
Levi P. Morton of New York and Ad
lai A. Stevenson of Illinois.
When the distinguished company en
tered the chamber the senate was
still under its old organization. The
oath of office was immediately admin
istered to Vice-President-elect Mar
shall, who thereupon became Vice
President Marshall. The prayer of the
day was given by the chaplain of the
senate, Rev. Ulysses G. B. Pierce, pas-
if'."
Vice-President Marshall.
tor of All Souls' Unitarian church, of
which President Taft has been a mem
ber. After the prayer the vice-president
administered the oath of office
to all the newly chosen senators, and
therewith the senate of the United
States passed for the first time in
years into the control of the Demo
cratic party.
Procession to the Platform.
Immediately after the senate cere
monies a procession was formed to
march to the platform of the east por
tico of the capitol, where Woodrow
Wilson was to take the oath. The pro
cession included the president and the
president-elect, members of the Su
preme court, both houses of congress,
all of the foreign ambassadors, all of
the heads of the executive depart
ments, many governors of states and
territories, Admiral Dewey of the navy
and several high officers of the sea
service, the chief of staff of the army
and many distinguished persons from
civil life. They were followed by the
members of the press and by those
persons who had succeeded in sscur
ing seats in the senate galleries to
witness the day's proceedings.
When President Taft and the president-elect
emerged from the capitol
on to the portico they saw in front
of them, reaching far back into the
park to the east," an immense con
course of citizens. In the narrow line
between the onlookers and the plat-
form on which Mr. Wilson was to take
the oath, were drawn up the cadets
of the two greatest government
schools, West Point and Annapolis,
and flanking them were bodies of reg
ulars and of national guardsmen. The
whole scene was charged with color
and with life.
, On reaching the platform the presi
dent and president-elect took the
seats reserved for them, seats which
were flanked by many rows of benches
rising tier on tier for the accommoda
tion of the friends and families of the
officers of the government and of the
press.
Oath Administered to Wilson.
The instant that Mr. Taft and Mr.
Wilson came within sight of the crowd
there was a great outburst of ap
plause, and the military bands struck
quickly into "The Star Spangled Ban
ner." Only a few bar3 of the music
were played and then soldiers and ci
vilians became silent to witness re
spectfully the oath taking and to
listen to the address which followed.
The chief justice of the Supreme
court delivered the oath to the president-elect,
who, uttering the words,
"I will," became president of the
United States. As soon as this cere
mony was completed Woodrow Wilson
delivered his inaugural address, his
first speech to his fellow countrymen
in the capacity of their chief execu
tive. At the conclusion of the speech the
bands played once more, and William
Howard Taft, now ex-president of the
United States, entered a carriage with
the new president and, reversing the
order of an hour before, sat on the
left hand side of the carriage, while
Mr. Wilson took "the seat of honor"
on the right. The crowds cheered as
they drove away to the White House,
which Woodrow Wilson enterea as the
occupant and which William H. Taft
immediately left as one whose lease
had expired.
1. '
x r1 IV
GREAT PARADE ft
HONOR OF WILSON
Federal and State Troops, Men
From Navy, Veterans and
Civilians March.
GEN. WOOD IS GRAND MARSHAL
Indians, Hunt Clubs and College Stu
dents Are in Line Enthusiastic
Spectators Continuously Cheer
Jhe Inaugural Procession.
By GEORGE CLINTON.
Washington, March 4. The "Jeffer
sonian simplicity" which Woodrow
Wilson requested should be observed
in every detail of his inauguration as
president did hot apply to the inaugu
ral parage, for it was as elaborate as
such an affair usually is. The people
wanted it so, and they showed their
appreciation of the spectacle by turn
ing out by the hundred thousand and
cheering wildly as the marchers pass
ed with bands playing loudly and flags
waving bravely. "
The newly inaugurated president re
viewed the procession and smiled his
approval as he returned the salutes of
the commanding officers, for all the
glittering show had been arranged in
his honor. Pennsylvania avenue, from
the capitol to the White House, was
full of col6r, music and movement.
People Enjoy the Sight.
The inhibition of the inaugural ball
and of the planned public reception at
the capitol had no effect as a bar to
the attendance at this ceremony of
cnanging presidents. Masses were here
to see, and other masses were here to
march. There was a greater demon
stration while the procession was pass
ing than there was four years ago.
Victory had come to a party which
had known nothing like victory for a
good many years. The joy of posses
sion found expression in steady and
abundantly noisy acclaim.
President Taft and President-elect
Wilson were escorted down the ave
nue by the National Guard troop of
cavalry of Essex county, New Jersey.
The carriage in which rode Vice-President-elect
Marshall and Presi
dent pro tempore Bacon of the United
States senate was surrounded by the
members of the Black Horse troop of
the Culver Military academy of Indi-
Scene on Pennsylvania Avenue Durin g the Progress of a Typical Inaugura
tion Parade.
ana. This is the first time in tle his
tory of inaugural ceremonies that a
guard of honor has escorted a vice
president to the scene of his oath tak
ing. Formation of Parade.
The military and the civil parade, a
huge affair which stretched its
length for miles along the Washington
streets, formed on the avenues Tadiat
ing from the capitol. After President
elect Wilson had become President
Wilson and Vice-President-elect Mar
shall had become Vice-President
Marshall, they went straightway from
the capitol to the White House and
thence shortly to the reviewing stand
in the park at the mansion's front.
The parade, with Maj. Gen. Leonard
Wood, United States army, as its
grand marshal, started from the capi
tol grounds to move along the avenue
to the White House, where it was to
pass in review. The trumpeter sound
ed "forward march" at the instant the
sigmal was flashed from the White
house that in fifteen minutes the new
ly elected president and commander-in-chief
of the armies and navies of
the United States would be ready to
review "his troops."
It was thought that the parade might
lack some of the picturesque features
which particularly appealed to the
people on former occasions. There
were Indians and rough riders here
npt only when Roosevelt was inaugu:
rated, but when he went out of office
and was succeeded by William H.
Taft. The parade, however, in honor
of Mr. Wilson seemed to be pictur
esque enough in its features to appeal
to the multitudes. They certainly
made noise enough over it.
The procession was In divisions,
with General Wood as the grand
marshal of the whole affair and hav
ing a place at its head. The display,
In the words Invariably used on like
occasions, was "impressive and bril
liant." Wotherspoon Leads Regulars.
The regulars of the country's two
armed service naturally had the right
of way. Maj. Gen. W. W. Wother
spoon, United States army, was In
command of the first division, in
which marched the soldiers and Bailors
and marines from the posts and the
navy yards within a day's ride of
Washington. The West Point cadets
and the midshipmen from the naval
academy, at Annapolis, competent be
yond other corps in manual and in
evolution, the future generals and ad
mirals of the army, had place in the
first division.
All branches of the army service
were represented in the body of regu
lars engineers, artillery, cavalry, in
fantry and signal corps. The sailors
and marines from half a dozen battle
ships rolled along smartly in the wake
of their landsmen brethren.
The National Guard division follow
ed the division of regulars. It was
commanded by Brig.- Gen. Albert L.'
Mills, United States army, who wore
the medal of honor given him for con
spicuous personal gallantry at the bat
tle of San Juan hill. General Mills is
the chief cf the militia division of the
United States war department.
The entire National Guard of New
Jersey was in line, and Pennsylvania,
Massachusetts, Maryland, Virginia,
Georgia Maine and North Carolina
were represented by bodies of civilian
soldiers. Cadets from many of the
private and state military schools of
the country had a place in the militia
division.
The third division of the parade was'
composed of Grand Army of the Re
public veterans, members of the Union
Veteran league' and of the Spanish
war organizations. Gen. James E.
Stuart of Chicago, a veteran of both
the Civil and the Spanish wars, was
in command.
Thousands of Civilians.
Robert N. Harper, chief marshal of
the civic forces, commanded the fourth
division. Under his charge were po
litical organizations from all parts of
the country, among them being Tam
many, represented by 2,000 of its
braves, and Democratic clubs from
Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, Balti
more and other cities.
They put the American Indians into
the civilian division. The fact that
they were in war paint and feathers
helped out in picturesqueness and did
nothing to disturb the peace. Mem
bers of the United Hunt Club3 of
America rode In this division. Their
pink coats and their high hats ap
parently were not thought to jar
"Jeffersonian simplicity" from :. its
seat. Pink coats were worn on the
hunting field in Jefferson's day and in
Jefferson's state.
There were 1,000 Princeton students
in the civic section of the parade.
Many of them Avore orange and black
sweaters and they were somewhat
noisy though perfectly proper. Stu
dents from seventeen other colleges
and universities were among the
marchers. ; -,
.Cheering Is Continuous. '
All along Pennsylvania avenue, from
the capitol to a point four block be
yond the White House, the spectators
were massed in lines ten deep. The
cheering was constant and Woodrow
Wilson cannot complain that the cere
monies attending his induction into
office were not accompanied by ap
parently heartfelt acclaim of the peo
ple over whom he is to rule for at
least four years.
Every window in every building on
Pennsylvania avenue which is not oc
cupied for office purposes was rented
weeks ago for a good round sum of
money. Every room overlooking the
marching parade was taken by as
many spectators as cound find a vant
age point from which to peer through
the window panes. The roofs of the
buildings were covered with persons
willing to stand for hours in a March
day to see the wonders of the inaugu
ral parade, and many of them partic
ularly glad of an opportunity to go
home and to say that after many years
waiting they had seen a Democratic
president inaugurated.
PRESIDENT WILSON
FOR JUSTICE ONLY
His Inaugural Address Calls on
All Honest TVIen to Aid in
His Task.
WILL RESTORE, HOT DESTROY
New Chief Executive Says Changs of
Government Means the Nation Is
Using Democratic Patry for
Large and Definite Purpose.
Washington, March 4. Looking
upon the victory of the Democratic
party as the mandate of the nation to
correct the . evils that have been al
lowed to grow up In our national life,
President Wilson in his inaugural ad
dress today called on all honest men
to assist him in carrying out the will
of the people. Following is his ad
dress: . ' '
There has been a change of govern
ment. It began two years ago, when
the house of representatives . became
Democratic by a decisive majority.
It has now been completed. The sen
ate - about to assemble will also be
Democratic. The offices of president
and vice-president have been put into
the hands ,,of Democrats. What does
the change mean? That is the ques
tion that is uppermost in our minds
today. That lis the question l am go
ing to try to answer, in order, if I
may, to interpret the occasion. ,
New Insight Into Our Life.
It means much more than 4.he mere
success of a party. The success of a
party means little except when the
nation is using that party for a large
and definite porpose. No one can
mistake the purpose . for which the
nation now seeks to use the Demo
cratic party. It seeks to use It to In
terpret a change in its own plans and
point of view. Some old things with
which-we had grown familiar, and
which had begun to creep into the
very habit of our thought and of our
lives, have altered their aspect as we
have latterly looked critically upon
them, with fresh, awakened eyes;
have dropped their disguises and
shown themselves alien and sinister.
Some new things, as we look frankly
upon them, willing to comprehend
their real character, have come to as
sume the aspect of things long believ
ed in and familiar, stuff of our own
convictions. Ve have been refreshed
by a new insight into our own life. .
We see that in many things that
life is very great. It is incomparably
great in its material aspects, in its
body of wealth, in the diversity and
sweep of its energy, in the industries
which have been conceived and built
up by the-genius of individual men
and the limitless enterprise of groups
of men. It is great, also, very great,
in its moral force. Nowhere else in
the world have noble men and women
exhibited in more striking form the
beauty and energy of sympathy and
helpfulness and counsel in their efforts
to rectify wrong, alleviate suffering,
and set the weak in the way of
strength and hope. We have built up,
moreover, a great 6ystem of govern
ment, which has stood through a long
age as in many respects a model for
those who seek to set liberty upon
foundations that will endure against
fortuitous charge, against storm and
accident. Our life contains every
great thing, and contains it In rich
abundance.'
Human Cost Not Counted,
But the evil has come with the
good, and much fine gold has been
corroded. With riches has come in
excusable waste. We have squan
dered a great part of what we might
tiave used, and have not stopped to
conserve the exceeding bounty of na
ture, without which our genius for en
terprise would have been worthless
and impotent, scorning to be careful,
shamefully prodigal as well as admir
ably efficient. We have been proud of
our industrial achievements, but we
have not hitherto stopped thought
fully enough to count the human cost,
the cost of live3 snuffed out, of ener
gies overtaxed and broken, the fear
ful physical and spiritual cost to the
men and women and children upon
whom the dead weight and burden of
it all has fallen pitilessly the years
through. The groans and agony of it
all had not yet reached our ears, the
solemn, moving undertone of our life,
coming up out of the mines and fac
tories and out of every home where
the struggle had its intimate and fa
miliar seat. With the great govern
ment went many deep secret things
which we too long delayed to look
into and scrutinize with candid, fear
less eyes. The great government we
loved has too often been made use of
for private and selfish purposes, and
those who used it had forgotten the
people.
At last a vision has been vouch
safed us of our life as a whole. We
see the bad with the good, the de
based and decadent with the sound
and vital. With this vision we ap
proach new affairs. Our duty is to
cleanse, to reconsider, to restore, to
correct the evil without impairing the
good, to purify and humanize every
process of our common life without
weakening or sentimentalizing it.
There has been something crude and
heartless and unfeeling jn our haste to
succeed and he great. Our thought has
been 'Let every man look out for him-
seLf, let every generation look out for J
Itself,' while we reared giant machin
ery which made it impossible that any
but those who stood at the leverB o
control should have a chance to look
out for themselves. ! We had not for
gotten our morals. We remembered
well enough that we had set up a
policy which was meant to serve the
humblest as well as the most power
ful, with an eye 6ingle to the stand
ards of justice and fair play, and re
membered it with pride. But we were
very heedless and in a hurry to.be
-kgreat
Chlef Items In Program. .
We have come now to the sober
second thought, The scales of heed
lessness have' fallen from our eyes.
We have made up our minds to square
every process of our national life
again with the standards we so proud
ly, set up at the beginning and have
always carried at our hearts. Our
work is a work of restoration.
We have itemized with some degree
of particularity the things that ought
to be altered and here are some of
the chief items: A tariff which cuts
us off from our proper pait in the
commerce of the world, violates the
just principles of taxation, and makes
the government a facile instrument in
the hands of private interests; a bank
ing and currency system based upon
the necessity of the government to
sell its bonds fifty years ago and per
fectly adapted to concentrating cash
and restricting credits; an industrial
system which, take it on all its sides,
financial as well as administrative,
holds capital in leading strings, re
stricts the liberties and limits the op
portunities of labor, and exploits with
out renewing or conserving the nat
ural resources of the country; a body
of agricultural activities never yet
given the efficiency of great business
undertakings or served as it should be
through the Instrumentality of science
taken directly to the farm, or afforded
the facilities of credit best suited to
its practical needs; water courses un
developed, waste places -unreclaimed,
forests untended, fast disappearing
without plan or prospect of renewal,
unregarded waste heaps at'every mine.
We have studied as perhaps no other
nation has the most effective means
of production, but we have not studied
cost or economy as we should either
as organizers of industry, as . states
men, or as Individuals.
Matters of Justice.
Nor have we studied and perfected
the means by which government may
be put at the service of humanity, in
safeguarding the health of the nation,
the health of Its men and its women
and its children, as well as their rights
In the struggle for existence. This is
no sentimental duty. The firm basis
of government is justice, not. pity.
These are matters of justice. There
can be no equality or opportunity, tho
first essential of justice in the body
politic, if men and women and chil
dren be not shielded in their lives,
their very vitality, from the conse
quences of great industrial and social
processes which they cannot alter,
control or singly cope with. Society
must see to it that it does not itself
crush or weaken or damage its own
constituent parts. The first duty of
law is to keep sound the society it
serves. Sanitary laws, pure food laws,
and laws determining conditions of
labor which individuals are powerless
to determine for themselves are Inti
mate parts of the very business of jus
tice and legal efficiency.
These are some of the things we
ought to do, and not leave the othera
undone, the old-fashioned, never-to-be-neglected,
fundamental safeguarding
of property and of individual right.
This is the high enterprise of the new
day; to lift everything that concert-sour
life as a nation to the light that
shines from the hearthfire of every
man's conscience and vision of the
right. It is inconceivable that we
should do this as partisans; it is in
conceivable we should do it in ignor
ance of the facts as they are or in
blind haste. We shall restore, not de
stroy. We shall deal with our econ
omic system as it is and as it may
be modified, not as it might be if we
had a clean sheet of paper to write
upon; and step by step we shall make
it what it should be, in the spirit of
those who question their own wisdom
and seek counsel and knowledge, not
shallow self-satisfaction cr the excite
ment of excursions whither they can
not tell. Justice, and only justice,
shall always be our motto. ,
Task Not One of Politics. ,
And yet it will be no cool process-,
of mere science. The nation has been
deeply stirred, stirred by a solemn
passionstirred by the knowledge of
wrong, of Ideals lost, of government
too often debauched and made an in
strument of evil. The feelings with
which we face this new age of right
and opportunity , sweep across our
heart-strings like some air out of
God's owi. presence, where justice and
mercy are reconciled and the judge
and the brother are one. We know
our task to be no mere task of politics,
but a task which shall search ua
through and through, whether we be
able to understand our time and the
need of our people, whether we be in
deed their spokesmen and interpre
ters, whether we have the pure heart,
to comprehend and the rectified will,
to choose our high course of action.
This Is not a day of triumph; It is
a day of dedication. Here muster, not
the forces of party, but the forces of
humanity. Men's hearts wait upon us;
men's lives hang in the balance; men's
hopes call upon us to say what we
will do. Who shall live up to the
great trust? Who dares fail to try?
I Bummon all honest men, all patriotic
all forwardlooking men, to my Bide.
God helping me, Twill not fail them,.
If they will but counsel and sustain,
me!