Newspapers / The Roanoke Beacon and … / July 21, 1916, edition 1 / Page 6
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fax r INTENSIVE HAY RAIDING IS PROFITABLE HOW HIGH PRODUCERS MAY BE SELECTED my he OWE ALT II ,-x..v.;. I jl To Lydia E. Pinkham's Veg etable Compound Washington Park, III "I wn the mother of four children and have .suf Mowing Cowpea and Millet Hay Two (By J. M. BELL.) The following experiments In rais teg forage crops, on an Intensive plan, show most conclusively that If land is heavily manured and the crops put la as they should be that the yields wUl be at least 100 per cent more per acre than the ordinary farmer re st! res. llr. N. J. Crull, a well-known livery man of Richmond, but formerly a successful farmer In the state of Pennsylvania, and later on In Vir ginia, owns an 11-acre farm near Rich noud, which when purchased a few fears ago In a low state of fertility, although the land was naturally good. Dnly forage crops have been raised, and the writer will briefly tell of those which he has seen growing, harvested seid estimated. Beginning with an oat hay crop, aovn a year ago last September and ( harvested in June: I saw this crop as a two-horse tedder was stirring It op and it was the first time In my life 20 years of which has been spent in farming) hat I ever saw n growth of oat hay of such rank growth tiat a tedder could not stir up the eaown crop from top to bottom. From this plot of 6 acres 15 very large wagonloads of hay were harvested. The hay was perfectly cured and n Ion per load was a most conservative estimate. The hay at that time would easily aave brought $20 per ton on the Rich mond market, which gives $300 worth f hay from 6 acvos. The cost was as follows, the figures being accurate. Cost of manure at 15. loads per acre, total of 90 loads, value $1 per load, 30; cost of plowing, $1G; cost of har- jtowing, rolling, disking' and seeding, J16; cost of harvesting, $15; cost of 12 bushels of seed at 60 cents per bushel, $7.20; total expense, $144.20; profit on crop, $155.80. As soon as the oats were off the fronnd, the six acres were plowed, prepared and seeded to German millet and cowpeas, at the rate of 8 bushels , mf peas and 3 pecks of millet per sere. Before the crop was sown, an appli cation of a little over 300 pounds of acid phosphate per acre was used, or In other words, 1 ton put on the 6 acres. , When this crop was harvested, hay was very high on the Richmond mar ket and $25 per ton 13 a conservative Talue to place on the beautifully cured millet and pea crop, which made a splendid mixed hay. The yield was 15 tons, which, valued at $25 per ton, totals $375. Cost of crop as follows : Slowing, $1G; harrowing, rolling, disk-Big- and seeding, $10; harvesting $16; I ton acid phosphate, $1G ; 6 bushels f cowpeas, $12; 4 bushels of -mft-fct, $7.87. Ttotal cost of crop, $S2.S7. Frofit, $287.12. Another five acres were sown In cow peas and millet about two weeks earlier. This crop followed oat stub Slff from a crop sowed the previous September, but owing to the fact that It was constantly grazed, the value of the hay crop was so materially less ened that no account was kept of the --light yield. However, the amount of grazing value of the oats was of great salue to the owner. This crop of oats had been top dressed during the late fall with manure at the rate of 15 spreader loads per acre (in fact all manure used on any crop was applied with spreader). The land was plowed, and there was considerable growth of oats, as well as manure, turned under. The vrlter saw this crop as It was being mowed, and It could not be excelled ither for growth or quality. V- The crop was estimated at 3 tons per acre, by many practical farmers who saw the crop at harvest time, but at the lowest, the yield was 2l2 .tons per acre, making 15 tons, which at time of harvesting was worth $25 yer ton, or $375. Cost of crop: Plow tog, $13.50; disking, rolling, harrowing asul sedlng, $14; harvesting. $14; cow pens, $10; millet, $G.5G. Cost of 75 loads of manure at $1. per load, $75, but It seems that at least half of this amount should be charged to the oat crop sown the previous fall. Allowing this way, the cowpea and millet crop will be charged with $37.50 manure account. The total cost of this other pea and millet crop follows: $91.50 front. $283.44. last fall the whole farm of 11 acres was sown In wheat and Ger maa or crimson clover, to be cut for lay In the late spring. The methods were carried out In this manner: An application of 1 ton of acid phosphate was applied on 0 acres, then the land was seeded with wheat at the rate of 1 bushel per acre and at the same time clover seed at the rate of 1 peck per acre. The fiacre plot (after plowing) had ground limestone at the rate of 0 tons pet acre spread over it. This lime stone was secured from the state and One-Half Tons Per Acre. plant, and It was tried as an experi ment inasmuch as the soli was more or less full of humus form heavy applications of stable manure, and with the consecutive turning In of vegetation following the cutting of forage crops, such as young weeds, oat and pea-vine stubble and the like. On this 5-acre plot, stable manure at the rate of 15 loads per acre were spread late In the fall on the growing crop of wheat and clover. The cost of seeding the 0-acre plot was: Plow ing, $10; disking, rolling, harrowing and seeding, 10; 1 ton of acid phos phate, $14; seed wheat, $5.30; clover seed, $9. The cost of seeding the 5-acre plot was: Plowing, $14; disking, rolling, harrowing and seeding, $14; one car load of ground limestone, spread, $GG; seed wheat, $5.25; clover seed, $7.50. The total expenses of seeding the 11 acre farm last fall were as follows, and given as a whole. Including the harvesting of the hay crop, $272.05. Estimating the 11-acre crop of mixed wheat and clover at 2 tons per acre (a most conservative figure), Mr. Crull will get 22 tons of feed that will be worth at the lowest, $20 per ton, $440. Deducting expenses, there Is left a profit of $187.5. With this fact to be taken Into consideration, that his land is improving In value each year, both from the standpoint of fer tility and also from the fact that Its proximity to a growing city enhances its value in that respect. But the Idea Is this Intensify your operations, use more manure, humus, fertilizer, fight shy of big, poor surfaces, from which no profits attend. Mr. Crull's work teaches a profitable lesson. GRUBS EAT THE STRAWBERRY Growers Who Have Trouble With Them Should Be Careful In Se. lecting Land for Plants. Strawberry growers who are trou bled with white grub worms should be careful In selecting the land upon which the plants are to be set. Sod land, according to J. R. Watson, en tomologist to the University of Florida experiment station, is apt to be in fested with the worms. He advises that the land be given to some crop not' injured by the grubs, for two or three years after the sod Is turned under. If the grower cannot wait that long he might pasture pigs on the land six months before planting. Pigs root the grubs out and eat them. If stable or barnyard manure is used as fertilizer, it might be well to mix with it from 200 to 400 pounds of cy anamide to the acre. It is possible that cyanamlde cannot be obtained. About 100 pounds of sulphur or enough to slightly color the manure might be added. The sulphur can be applied be tween the rows. Neither of these substances will kill the grubs, but they act as repallents, and will probably drive the grubs away. The best method, however, is to avoid sod lands. CARE FOR FATTENING IAMBS Worth While to Remember Tht Feed Lot Should Be Kept Free From Other Animals. Many people are of the opinion that a sheep Is nothing but a scavenger that needs little attention, but it will be found that the more care and atten tion the lambs receive the greater the profits will be. Among the Items of good care In fattening lambs the fol lowing are worth remembering: The feed lot should be kept free from other animals. Lambs should be fed with regularity. Quiet In the fed lot is important. Feed troughs should be kept as clean as possible. Salt Is nec essary and should be before them at all times in a separate trough. Lambs do not need much shelter, but a good windbreak is necessary and an open shed whereby their coats and feet can be kept dry gives the best results. BREEDING HORSES FOR FARM Don't Neglect to Give Attention to Temperament of Sires and Dams Avoid Bad Qualities. While breeding for size and uni formity of farm horses, don't neglect to give proper attention to the tem perament of the sires and dams. Un desirable qualities In this respect are Just as much to be avoided as those for underslze and 111 shape. Keep Farm Tools Sharp. It saves horse feed and horse strength. It does better work, mor of it in a day, and pays a better profit It saves time, temper, and human vi tality. A good emory stone will paj for itself in one seaaon get one and keeD the tools sharp. CARE OF CREAM IN SUMMER Few Simple Rules Given Which Should Be Followed Dirt Always Carries Bad Flavors. (By TV. B. COMBS. Missouri College of Agriculture.) During the hot days of summer the farmer who is selling cream to the creamery finds it a problem to keep his cream In the' proper condition. However, there are but a few simple rules which should be followed, that would . result in better cream. First of all these is cleanliness. Dirt, re member, carries bad flavors. If the barn or its surroundings and cows are dirty it will result in poor milk; poor milk results in poor cream; poor cream results In poor butter. Immediately after separating, the cream should be cooled down to at least 50 degrees Fahrenheit. Warm cream should never be .poured upon cold as the temperature of the lot is raised and bad flavors may result. It is essential that the cream be stirred frequently to insure uniform ripening. If the cream Is left undisturbed, the fat rises the same way as it does in milk. As a result the cream is full of curd particles or it becomes "lumpy." Never put cream In a rusty or bat tered can and always remember that milk and cream have that property of absorbing bad flavors. CAREFUL ATTENTION TO COW Animal Brings In Regular Returns In Dairy Products No Farmer Can Afford to Neglect Her. Cows require regular and careful attention. There is work in keeping cows and giving them proper attention. But they bring in regular returns In dairy products and cash and no farmer can afford to neglect cows. What would it mean to individual farmers and the country if every home had as many cows as it requires to supply the table with milk and butter? Perhaps none of us realize what It would mean. It would certainly give more cash from the animals and crops Head of a Purebred Jersey. raised and be the means of greater profits. Doubtless it would mean more than this. It would give more wholesome, nutritious foods and enable parents to rear healthier, stronger, more effi cient children. Isn't this worth striv ing for? DEVICES SUPPORT MILK PAIL Curved Side Arms, Resting on Knees of Milker, Keep Receptacle In Its Proper Place. The curved side arms of this pall, when in use, rest on the knees of the milker and help support the pail. When not In use they are folded down out of the way or are removed entirely ' Supports for Milk Pall. by simply springing them out of their bearings. It is claimed that these arms are simpler than similar devices previously patented. Wisconsin Agri culturist. FEEDING SILAGE IN SUMMER Farmer Must Decide for Himself Whether Practice Is Cheaper Than Letting Cows on Pasture. Every farmer must decide for him self whether it is cheaper or more profitable to feed silage during the summer or let the cows get most of their feed from the pastures. If you have land suitable for no other pur pose than raising grass it would not pay to let it lie idle, but if your farm consists largely of tillable land the situation is quite different. It costs time and money to raise corn and put it in the silo and feed it out, but on many farms it will pay to rely mainly on the summer silo for the dairy herd, 6 White Leghorn Cocksrel It is not only possible but desirable to pick out the high-producing hens in the flock by means of external char acteristics, according to W. A. Llp plncott, professor of poultry husbandry In the Kansas State agricultural col lege. "Hens that molt late are high pro ducers," says Professor Lipplncott, "because they have n longer period In which to lay. Late molting is the ac companiment of late laying, but the mere fact of late molting does not make high producers. The hens that molt late begin laying as early as the early molters, because they molt much more rapidly and lose less time, "In. the yellow-skinned breeds the paleness of shank Is a very reliable indication In the fall at the end of the first year. The high producers lay the color out of their shanks, and so any bird with yellow shanks after a year of laying has been a poor pro- jducer for that year. "Those birds with soft and pliable combs about October 1 are In general better producers than those with hard and drled-up combs. As a bird molts the comb tends to shrink and become DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHICK Egg Furnishes Feed, Water and Other Necessary Essentials Heat Causes Incubation. , Each egg produced by good, vigor ous hens running with a strong roos ter and housed and fed under proper conditions is the possibility of another chick. In the egg Is a home and it contains feed, water and all that Is necessary for the development of the chick, except heat. It Is the appli cation of this heat under favorable conditions that is called incubation. At the time the egg is laid the de velopment of the chick has been go ing on rapidly for several hours. As soon as the temperature drops down below 70 degrees F. this growth stops and the embryo goes into a resting stage until the egg is again warmed up. This very young chick, called the blastoderm, rests on the upper sur face of the yolk. Immediately surrounding the yolk extending out at opposite sides toward the large and small ends of the egg Is a dense opaque layer, of albumin or white called chalaza which tends to support the yolk and lessens Its movement, except as it revolves on the chalaza as an axis to keep the blastoderm at the top. The rest of the white is more watery and more transparent and is surrounded by two rather tough membranes and the shell. These two membranes separate at the large end of the egg and form the air cell which in a fresh egg is about the size of a dime, but increases with age due to evaporation of moisture. The shell being porous permits the passage of air or moisture in or out. CLEAN THE CHICKEN BROODER Give Chicks Good Start by Disinfect ing Before Placing Them In it Use Hot Water. Give the chicks a good start by cleaning and disinfecting the brooder before they are placed in it. The Pennsylvania State college experi ment station recommends scrubbing with hot water or the use of a 3 to 5 per cent solution of any of the coal tar or other commercial disinfectants. Have the brooder dry before the chicks are introduced into it. Cleaning the brooder once a week during the brooding period is a good practice. MACHINE-HATCHING IN FAVOR Forceful Argument Is Number of Eggs Broken and Spoiled by Hens Average Is Large. A forceful argument In favor of machine-hatching is the number of eggs broken and spoiled by sitting hens. Even under the most satisfactory hen hatching conditions the breakage will often average 15 to 30 per cent of the eggs set. Other eggs are smeared when not broken and the chicks lack air to develop sufficient vigor to break the shell. WASTE OF TIME TO DOCTOR Attention to Details, Constant Watch fulness and Careful Feeding Are of Great Importance. Successful poultrymen spend much time in trying to prevent disease. At tention to details, constant watchful ness and careful feeding play the most important part In the everyday life of the prominent breeder. So much time is given, therefore, to prevention that it Is considered a waste of time to doctor when disease appears. ' Mi- and Flock of Pullets. hard, but birds in good condition and laying have pliable combs. '.'With ihe White Leghorn pullets which have yellow pigment in the earlobe at the start of the season a white earlobe will be nn indication of high production. These birds with yellow pigment in the earlobe will lay out this color until the lobes are white. "The smoothness, pliability and oil! ness of the skin are indications of egg production. A laying bird has a softer, smoother feeling than the non laying bird. "Due to the yolks developing In the ovary and the Increase in size of the oviduct, the abdomen swells out in preparation for the laying season. When a bird gets ready to stop lay' ing the abdomen shrinks. This fact is valuable In telling what the bird may do for the next two or three weeks, or by knowing whether the bird is laying at a certain time of the year. "The practical application of these facts Is to discard at the end of a lay Ing year all pullets which have yellow shanks, drled-up combs and shrunken abdomens." RANGE FOR YOUNG CHICKENS Problem of Supply Green Feed Does Not Receive Sufficient Attention From Farmer. The problem of suppljing a range or green feed for chicks does not re ceive sufficient attention. This Is an Important side of the proper rearing of poultry and the farmer who has sour sklmmilk to spare and a good green range has more than half his chick problem solved. For temporary feeding, one can soak oats overnight in water, wash them thoroughly next morning and spread them in half-Inch layers In boxes or trays. Place these trays in the shade outdoors and sprinkle with water twice dally. In from three to six days the oats will be ready for feeding. For ba by chicks feed when the sprouts are one-half Inch long, giving once daily what the chicks will eat in about ten minutes. Itape may be sown and, when grown, cut up and fed to chicks. Cabbage, lettuce, mangels, beets, turnips can al so be used for green feed. The only really satisfactory way, however, to supply green teed and a good range is to sod a piece of land to Bermuda grass by plowing the ground and dropping a piece of Ber muda sod every 13 inches, and to put some burr clover into this Bermuda grass in the fall. FEED PENS FOR BABY CHICKS Wire Covered Yard of Laths, Placed Close Enough to Keep Old Fowls Out, Will Suffice. If old and young chicks are allowed to range together, feeding pens should be made for the baby chicks. A wire covered yard of laths, placed far enough apart to permit the chicks to get between, and wide enough so that the older birds cannot reach their heads in to feed, Is cheaply and easily made. A box deep enough to prevent the old birds reaching in, with a wire fence in front, will protect the feed hoppers from the weather. In such hoppers, keep a dry mash of ground grains, charcoal, cracked bone and grit. The hoppers should not furnish the only food; cracked corp scattered in the Utter makes a good exerciser. FEED SHOULD BE NUTRITIOUS Good Practice to Throw Limited Amount of Rolled Oats on Floor for Chicks to Clean Up. A good first feed Is to throw a lim ited amount of rolled oats on the floor, only the amount that the chicks will clean up In about one hour. Rolled oats are very nutritious and relished by the chicks and are excellent as a first feed. However, their continued use Is not advised. Hard boiled eggs, ground in a food chopper and mixed with dry crumbs may also be success fully used as a first feed. FIRST1 FEED FOR THE CHICKS Dry Mash Mixture Given Until Fowls Are Six Weeks Old, Fed in Self. Feeding Hoppers. Dry mash, which is fed until chicks are six weeks old in shallow boxes or self-feeding hoppers, is compounded as follows: Five pounds blood meal, three pounds charcoal, twenty pounds mid dlings, twenty-two pounds cornmeal, twenty-two pounds buckwheat meal, twenty-three pounds oatmeal, Ave pounds fine bone meal. fered with female trouble, backache, nervous spells and the blues. My chil dren's loud talking; and romping would make me so nervous I could just tear everything to pieces and I would ache all over and feel bo sick that I would not want anyone to talk If! $M to me at times. Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound and Liver Pills re stored me to health and I want to thank you for the good they have done me. I have had quite a bit of trouble and worry but it does not affect my youth ful looks. My friends say Why do you look so young and well ? ' I owe it all to the Lydia E. Pinkham remedies." Mrs. PwOBT. Stopiel, Moore Avenue, Washington Park, Illinois. We wish every woman who suffera from female troubles, nervousness, backache or the blues could see the let ters written by women made well by Ly dia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound. If you have any symptom about which you would like to know write to th Lydia E. Pinkham Medicine Co., Lynn, Mass., for helpful advice given free of charge. " Many a girl deludes herself with the belief that she has completed her edu cation before she marries. FOR BABY RASHES Cuticura Soap Is Best Because So Soothing and Cooling. Trial Free. If baby Is troubled with rashes, eo- zamas, itchings, channgs or hot, irri tated skin follow Cuticura Soap bath with light application of Cuticura Oint ment to the affected part. Nothing so soothing, cooling and refreshing when he Is fretful and sleepless. Free sample each by mall with Book. Address postcard, Cuticura, Dept. L, Boston. Sold everywhere. Adv. Activities of Women. Over G,000 women marched in the Boston preparedness parade. Queen Wllhelmlna of Holland is the only woman who Is a reigning sov ereign. ' There are beaween 3,000,000 and 4,- 000,000 woman voters in the United States. To wed a man she never saw, Viola Kleckner recently left Sanbury, Pa., on a 7,000-mile trip to Seward, Alaska, where she will become the wife of James M. Foley, a mining engineer. It cost the suffragists of the coun try over $00,000 to get a suffrage plank In the Republican and Progres sive party platforms. Empress Augusta Victoria of Ger many visits the hospitals every week to console the wounded soldiers of her country. Token of Esteem. Morlarty Th' boys want to buy a lovln' cup for Assemblyman Flannigan. Jeweler Here is something very choice for $10. Morlarty I don't think Flannigan would go as high as that but we'll ask him ! Ilarrlsburg Patriot, Human Nature. "Why that hospital Is so popular beats me. It hasn't the best system, and It certainly hasn't the most suc cessful doctors." "But it has the prettiest nurses." Adds a Healthful Zest to any Meal Most everyone likes a hot table drink, but it must have a snappy taste and at the same time be healthful. Probably no beverage an swers every requirement so completely as does P0STUM This famous pure food drink, made of roasted wheat and a bit of wholesome molasses, affords a rich Java like flavor, yet contains no harmful element. The original Poitum Cereal must be boiled; Instant Postom is made in the cup "quick as a wink," by adding hot water, and stirring. Both forms of Postum have a delightful aroma and flavor, are healthful, and good for children and grown-ups. "There's a Reason" Sold by Grocers everywhere.
The Roanoke Beacon and Washington County News (Plymouth, N.C.)
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July 21, 1916, edition 1
6
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