H COIIOil PLAGUE
Pink Boll Worm Discovered in
Coahuila, Mexico.
GREATEST MENACE TO STAPLE
(nsct in Cotton-Producing Countries
Has Shown Capacity for Damage
Exceeding That of Untract
abie Boll Weevil.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agrtculture.)
The pink boll worm, the presence of
which in the state of Coahuihi, Mexico,
IX) miKs south of the Texas border,
!tas recmtly been determined by spe
n'ifiMsts of Mie U. S. department of ag
riculture, s a comparatively new cot
en pest, having spread from India to
t'-Vypt about eight years ago.
It has already spread to practically
aii cotton-producing countries in the
world except the United States.
Arid its establishment in Mexico
presents one of the greatest menaces
which has eonie to American cotton
.-ulTnre in its history. This insect in
liidiji, Egypt, Hawaii and other for
:gn cotton-producing countries, has
.!. wn a capacity for damage exceed
ing that of the boll weevil.
Recognizing the possibility of intro--ihjciLg
the pest into this country in cot-:-n
seed, seed cotton, and cottonseed
fcu'ls, the United States has prohibit
ed for several years the importation of
'.hese products from all cotton-producing
territory except six states of nortt
eri: Mexico. For the same reason cot
ion lint from such countries has been
-itnr.iitod Into the United States only
si t certain northern ports and after
fumigation. New amendments to
rantlne regulations, which became
Pirk Boll Worm Moth or Adult, Dor
sal View Much Enlarged. (Or
iginal.) effective November 4, extended the
in hibition against importing' seeds,
' cotton, and hulls to the previously
excepted Mexican territory, with the
exception of that portion of the Impe
rial valley south of the Mexico-California
line. This area Is continuous
with the Imperial valley of California,
's devoted to the culture of the same
kind of cotton, and is largely settled
ty Americans. In view of the unity
i'f cotton culture-In the valley and the
en: ire separation of the Mexican por
tions of the area from continental M ex
tec i.y the Culf of California and wide
expanses of desert country, it was not
'I'riMdered necessary to change the ex
tstir.g regulations there. The growers
ef riiis valley on both sides of the in-:-r:nitional
line, however, have been
earned of the danger and it is expect
ed naturally will refrain from any traf
fic, if such exists, in cotton or cotton
and seed products from those
3jrts of Mexico against which the
larantine has been promulgated.
Movement of Cotton Seed.
As to continental Mexico, however,
..ivolving the five states of Nuevo
I-n. Coahuila, Hurango, Chihuahua
a'i'l Tamaulipas, the discovery of the
boll worm in the Laguna district
fink Boll Worm Full-Grown Larva,
Lateral View Much Enlarged. (Or
iginal.) Piiakes it absolutely Imperative that
further movement of cotton seed and
tr.:!ls be slopped. This has been ef
fected 'y the order issued by the secre
tary of agriculture, revoking the
simendments to the cotton seed quaran
tine which permitted such movement
4,1 seed from tiiese states. The control
of ihe movement of lint cotton from
ihee states' of northern Mexico hu
tllM
WW,
been effected by a revision of quaran
tine regulations which will necessi
tate the transportation by water route
of Mexican cotton intended for tin
United States to specific northern ports
of entry where disinfection and com
pliance with the other features of the
regulations can be made.
The Lnguna district, where the In
sect lias been discovered, represents
oqe of the most important cotton pro
ducing areas in Mexico. It is an ele
vated plateau region near San Pedro in
central northern Mexico. Cotton cul
tuFe Is there more Intensively prose
cuted than anywhere else in Mexico,
and It is possible that this very inter
est in cotton culture has led to the in
troduction of the pink boll worm in
the effort to get improved cotton va
rieties from Egypt or other foreign
sources, the discovery that the worm
exists In Mexico resulted from the
sending by a planter of the Laguna
district to the federal horticultural
hoard for determination some cotton
bolls from his plantation which he sup
posed to be infested with the common
boll weevil. An examination of this
material showed that the infesting in-
Pink Boll Worm Pupa, Ventral and
Lateral Views Much Enlarged. (Or
iginal.) sect is the dreaded pink boll worm of
Egypt and India.
The pink boll worm hibernates in
the larval state in the seed, and in
this way is readily carried to any
quarter of the world by seed expor
tation. The adult insect is a small
moth. The worm attacks the Imma
ture cotton bolls, and, in severe cases,
reduces the yield oO per cent. In addi
tion to this, the amount of oil obtained
from the seed of infested cotton is
lessened from 15 to 2U per cent.
The department of agriculture urges
that all cotton interests give assist
ance to the federal authorities in pre
venting any movement in violation of
the new amendments of cotton seed,
cottonseed hulls, seed cotton or cotton
lint from Mexico into the United
States.
ROTATION AND MANURE BEST
To Maintain Economical Productive
ness of Land It Should Both Be
Manured and Rotated.
(By M. F. Mil. LEU. Missouri College oi
Agriculture.)
In one of the experiments at the Mis
souri agricultural experiment statiot
corn has been grown for 'Jo years on
the same plot of ground with an nppli
cation of manure averaging about sev
en tons annually. In comparison with
this, corn has been grown in various
rotations without manure. A sum
mary of the yields for the last sis
years on these plots shows that the
average yield of corn on the rotated
plots is greater than the average yield
of corn which has been grown continu
ously with manure. In other words ro
tatiou has been somewhat better than
heavy manuring in this experiment
The last six years of the quarter cen
turv have been chosen for comparison
siiKe one of the rotations is a six-year
rotation ami since this number of years
is sufficient to largely overcome sea
sonal variations.
It should not be understood from
these results that rotation Is sufficient
to maintain the yield of corn. As a
matter of fact there are other plots In
this same experiment which have been
both rotated and manured. The aver
age yields of these plots is very ma
terially above rotation alone. The im
portant points are, that rotation is
more important than fairly heavy ma
nuring in the long run, but that It is
not all-sutlicient ; that In order to main
tain land in productiveness economical
ly, It should be both rotated and ma
nured, while in many cases commercial
fertilizing materials applied in addi
tion to the manure will give still furth
er return.
LAYING PLANS FOR ORCHARD
Select Site and Get in Touch With Ex
periment Station as to Best Vari
eties to Plant.
We hope you're laying plans now to
have a "sure-enough" orchard here
after. Why not select your orchard
site, get in totien witn your mme ex
periment station in regard to the best
varieties, determine how many of each
vou will need, order at the proper time.
ami then by the right kind of attention
Insure plenty of healthful, wholesome
fruit hereafter'.'
And while we're talking of tree
planting, one of the finest Invest
ments you can possibly make will be
to buy some paper-shell pecan trees.
In nuts yielded, as a shade tree and
as an ornament, the pecan Is one of
the very finest of trees. You. your
children and your grandchildren will
bless the day you plant them.--Progressive
Farmer.
WHITE GRUBS ARE NUISANCE
When Pests Once Get Into Field There
Is No Way of Protecting Crop
Rotation It Best.
When white grubs nre once In the
field there Is no way of protecting th
crop. There nre, however, method
that will greatly reduce the damage la
succeeding years. Crop rotaoon and
fall plowing are best.
Hogs and ohickeas like the grabs
and quickly reduce the number '
fields In hi h they are kept.
COMPOSITION OF SKIM MILK
Guernsey Milk, Like That of Jersey,
Has High Percentage of Protein
and Sugar.
Heretofore the difference between
the percentage of butterfat In Jersey
rows' milk and that of Ilolstein's has
been often emphasized. Only recently
has the fact been known that there is
considerable difference in protein.
Chemical analyses made by A. E.
Perkins, dairy chemist at the Ohio ex
periment station, show that milk from
Jersey cows has a hfgher percentage
of protein and sugar than Ilolstein
milk. Guernsey milk Is quite similar
English Prize Guernsey.
to that of the Jersey, while Ayrshire
these two breeds and the Ilolstein.
These analyses indicate that the per
centage of protein in milk increases
with the fat content, but not in pro
portion. Skitn milk from Ilolstein
milk having 3.3 per cent fat contained
3.5 per cent protein, while Jersey milk
tested 4.7 per cent fat and 4.1 per cent
protein. The variation in the sugar
content showed a similar tendency.
Thus the fat content of milk offers
a practical basis to compute the com
position of skim milk derived from it.
RIGHT SPEED FOR SEPARATOR
Often Nearly One-Half of Fat May Be
Found in Skim Milk When Ma
chine Is Run Slowly.
As much as 50 per cent variation in
the richness of cream may be obtained
by variation in speed of operating the
separator. If normal speed is 55
turns of the crank per minute, 75 turns
will bring rich cream and 25 turns will
bring thin cream. A great deal of fat
is lost in the skim milk when low speed
is used. Sometimes nearly one-half of
the fat may be found in the skim milk
when the separator has been run too
slowly. This demonstrates the fact
that there is only one speed for eco
nomical operation of the separator,
and that is the right speed. This speed
is indicated on the crank handle.
MILK STOOL IS CONVENIENT
Device Buckled Around Waist of
Milker by Means of Straps Is Al
ways Ready for Use.
A very handy stool for use in milk
ing the cows in yard or field may be
made as follows: It is merely a one
legged stool to which are attached four
A Convenient Stool.
straps connected with a broad strai
that is buckled around the waist. The
stool Is quickly fastened to the milker
and is always iu a position so one can
sit down anywhere. Such a stool with
a short leg is ulso useful in the garden.
CAUSE INDIGESTION IN . CALF
Found. From Experience That Slight
Variation In Temperature Will
Bring on Disorder.
Under natural conditions, milk con
sumed by the young calf has a tem
perature of approximately 100 degrees.
It has been found by experience that
a slight variation from this tempera
ture may cause Indigestion.
Especially Is this true with calvea
under two mouths of age.
H
BEST PAYING RATIONS
Interesting Experiment Conduct
ed by Ohio Station.
Pullets Producing Largest Number of
Eggs Were Furnished Most Expen
sive Feed Careful - Accounts
Are Important.
The number of eggs laid during the
feeding of a ration it not always an
index to the value of the ration. The
best-paying ration should be sought.
That Is a ration which will give the
most profit on the number of eggs
laid. An experiment conducted by the
Ohio station illustrates this point:
In the experiment, three lots of 25
pullets each, of Single Comb White
Leghorns, were used. These pullets
were housed in half of a colony house
10 by 12 feet in size, this space being
allotted to each group. The hens were
also confined to the houses from April
1 to June 7, in order to permit the
grass in the lots to get some growth.
When the snow was on the ground, the
hens were confined to the houses. At
IDEAL CHICKEN HOUSE FOR FARM FLOCK
' "!
POULTRY HOUSE FINDS FAVOR IN KANSAS.
There are as many types of chicken
houses as there are of poultry raisers,
and but few of these houses approach
the ideal, asserts X. L. Harris, super
intendent of the poultry plant,. Kansas
Agricultural college.
"The ideal chicken house should be
at least 20 feet long and 18 feet wide,"
says Mr. Harris. "The height should
be such as will be convenient to the op
erator about nine feet in front and
not less than four feet at the back.
"With a house of these dimensions,
there will be no frozen combs, even in
severe winter weather. Frozen combs
usually result from keeping poultry in
small houses where good ventilation
is a difficult matter.
"There is no question that cement
is the best floor for poultry houses,
DEVELOP OOCYTES FOR EGGS
No Hen Lives Long Enough to Produce
More Thar Small Pecentage of
Undeveloped Eggs.
Automatically every normal hen
would appear to be fitted to become
a good layer. Certain it is that no
hen lives long enough, or remains
in condition long enongh, to develop
all. or mure than a small percent
age of the undeveloped eggs on her
vary. In counts made at Maine
experiment station from 914 to 3,005
oocytes (undeveloped eggs) were
found in the ovaries of some 15 hens
examined, and only those visible to
the unaided eye were counted. Three
hens showed better than 1,000 oocytes
each five showed better than 1,500
undeveloped eggs each; five belter
than 2.IMHI each; and one yielded a
count of 3.C05 undeveloped eggs.
In the investigations it was shown
that the number of oocytes visible
on the ovary bore no definite or
constant relation to the actually re
alized egg production of the speci
men. Apparently actual egg production
depends upon many things besides he
reditary characteristics and anatomical
differences. It is easy to understand
that influences which affect the indi
vidual specimen may play a very large
part in producing conditions favorable
to maturing the undeveloped eggs
of the ovary and the actual laying of
same. Potentially, from an anatom
ical standpoint, almost every hen is
a thousand-egger or better.
It remains for us to develop and ob
tain the eggs. Of course, many oocytes
never develop and mature. Hens
which - have made a record of 1,000
eggs in their lifetime are still rare
birds.
FEEDING CORN TO CHICKENS
Wasteful Practice Where Fowls Are
Confined and Not Given Greens,
Charcoal and Lime.
Feeding corn to hens of no particu
lar breed shut up In small quarters will
not get enough eggs to pay. But pure
lired stock, bred by a breeder who
knows his business, if given a chance,
will make good use of good feed.
Chickens need variety. Feed them a
variety of grains, greens, charcoal,
lime, plenty of grit, and if it is neces
sary to confine them, feed fresh meat
twice a week.
If in houses, keep them plenty warm
and dry.
Do not forget to keep them well sup
plied with water.
other times, each lot had access to a
yard.
Lot 1 received a ration of shelled
corn, ground corn, eight parts, and
meat scraps, five parts. Lot 2 received
a ration of shelled corn, ground corn,
seven parts; bran, three parts, and
meat scraps, five parts. Lot 3 had
shelled corn, one part, and wheat, four
parts, with one part of oats, and a
mash composed of ground corn, three
parts; bran, four parts; middlings, four
parts, oil meal, one part, and meat
scraps, two parts. Each lot had access
to grit, oyster shell and charcoal. Lot
1 produced 1S5.9 eggs. Lot 2, 1S9.S, and
Lot 3, 201.G eggs per hen, at a cost
of 8.73, 8.54 and 10.9(5 cents per dozen,
respectively. The profit from Lot 1 was
$2.09; from Lot 2. $2.15, and from Lot
3, $1.98 for each hen in the respective
groups. The ration for Lot 3 not only
cost more but was more trouble to pre
pare. If we looked at the number of
eggs only, it might seem that 201.0
eggs were far better than 185.9 or
189.8, but the profit is what we are
after the most money with the least
trouble. The farmer needs especially
to look to his profits this year of high
priced grain. Careful accounts are the
only means of determining the cost of
eggs per dozen, and the best-paying
ration.
since such a floor is sanitary, vermin
proof, and easily cleaned."
The manner of lighting and venti
lating a poultry house Is always im
portant, in the opinion of Mr. Harris.
Too much glass in a poultry house
raises the temperature in the day and
permits rapid radiation at uight. The
resulting wide variation of day and
night temperatures is always injurious
to the health of the fowls.
Probably the best means of providing
adequate light and ventilation is to
have two windows in the south side of
the building with a cloth curtain be
tween. During stormy days, while the
curtain Is closed, the windows will pro
vide sufficient light and the curtains
will allow sufficient ventilation without
permitting drafts.
PROPER CARE OF COCKERELS
Young Fowls Will Need Plenty of
Right Kind of Food and Shelter
for Best Development.
Those who have good cockerels
needed for breeding birds in their own
flocks will see to It that they are
properly cared for. The young cock
erels will need plenty of the right
kind of feed and the proper shelter
and protection so they may develop
into good birds.
The mistake Is sometimes made of
not keeping enough cockerels for the
number of hens needed on the farm.
As a result of this, farm (locks some
times prodttee too small a per cent
of fertile eggs. This means consider
able loss for the infertile egg unused
in incubation is almost if not a com
plete loss.
It is not easy to tell the kind of
birds young cockerels will make, tit
least while they are quite young. It
is necessary generally to keep the
birds till their type, plumage and
general individuality can be ascer
tained. The best is none too good and
no one should afford to keep poor cock
erels. Should none of your flock be
suitable, then dispose of all and get
good cockerels to breed up your flock.
This will be economical In the end.
MILK IN FEEDING CHICKENS
Will Greatly Increase Egg Production
Carbohydrates Do Not Offset
Necessity of Protein.
The use of milk In feeding chickens
will greatly increase egg production.
The hen never lays an egg until
all the Ingredients necessary for the
complete development of a chick are
present.
Since the egg contains protein as
well as carbohydrates, any amount of
carbohydrates fed in the form of grain
will not offset the necessity of protein.
Milk given to the birds, either as &
drink or in the form of wet mash, will
greatly increase egg production.
DUST BATHS ARE NECESSARY
Laying Hens Are Enabled to Rid Them,
selves of Vermin and Remove Dirt
and Scales.
Laying hens must have their dust
bath if they are to lay the maximum
number of eggs during the winter. It
Is a necessary luxury for them.
I By Its use they are enabled to rlj
themselves of mites and to remove all
scales and dirt from the skin.
Thousands Tell It
Why dally along with backache and
Jrid.iey or bladder troubles? Thousands
tell vou how to find relief. Here's &
case "to guide you. And it's only one
of thousands. Forty thousand Ameri
can people are publicly praising Dean's
Kidney Pills. Surely it is worth the
while of anyone who has a bad back,
who feels tired, nervous and run-down,
who endures distressing urinary disor
ders, to give Doan'a Kidney Pills a trial.
A North Carolina Case
Mrs. W. A. Morley, "fan, fictoft Telh i StT
6S Fenland Ave.,
Asheville, N. C.
says: "I was In bad
shape with kidney
trouble. I had dizzy
headaches along1
with nerv.ous spells
and my kldneyyj
didn't act as they
should. I also suf
fered severely from
backache and couldi
hardly straighten af
ter stooping. When I
saw Doan's Kidney
T'llla ndvprtlHpd. I
rot some and they rid me of all the
trouble."
Get Doan's at Any Store, 50c a Box
DOAN'S 'VTAV
FOSTER-MILBURN CO.. BUFFALO. N. Y.
A man may be the architect of Ida
own fortune, but be can't induce the
sun to shine in every room.
Dr. Peery's "Pesd Pliot" Is not a "lo
icnKc" or "syrup." but a rpal old-fashioned
dose of medicine which cleans out Worm!
or Tapeworm with a single dose. Adv.
Going to Extremes.
P.londine (Jelly Clddigad certainly
has the shopping habit developed to a
science.
I'.runetta Likes it, you mean?
"I mean that she always insists oa
going where she can get the most for
her money."
'That's natural, isn't it?"
"In most cases, yes, but there are ex
ceptions." "I'd like to know what they are?"
"Well, for instance, the other day I
found her in the arcade trying to as
certain which machine would give her
the most for her money when she
weighed herself on the scales."
Youngstown Telegram.
To Drive Out Malaria
And Build Up The System
Take the Old Standard G ROVE'S
TASTELESS chill TONIC. You know
what you are taking, as the formula is
printed on every label, showing it is K
Quinine and Iron in a tasteless form. The
Quinine drives out malaria, the Iron
builds up the system. 50 cents.
Jack's Substitute.
Jack attained his tifth birthday last
summer and in the fall attended school
for the first time, wearing kilt skirts.
Some of the larger pupils plagued him
about wearing dresses, and it was not
long before his pleadings for s real
boy's suit were granted. He was very
proud indeed when he went to school
a few days later arrayed in his knick
erbockers. One of the girls wrote him
a note saying he looked like a little
man. That night he was telling his
mother about it.
".Mother," said he, "Frances . Wright
wrote nie a note telling me 1 looked
like a little man, and 1 wrote her one
and told her she looked like a daisy,
only I couldn't spell daisy, so I spelled
cat."
How Gallieni Cut Infant Mortality.
When the recently deceased (Jeneral
Gallieni became governor general of
Madagascar in the early nineties, he
was appalled at the unsanitary 'condi
tions and the high death rate. Though
a soldier and not a physician, he set
about to remedy these conditions.
He obtained the happiest results in
his campaign against infant mortality.
He had native women trained as mid
wives and he established and popular
ized maternity hospitals. He regulated
marriages and restricted divorce. He
exempted the fathers of live children
from taxation and he taxed bachelors
instead.
These and many other works pro
duced such a change that the French
Academy of Medicine awarded him a
gold medal, a most exceptional dl
Unction for one who was not a doctor.
Like the Dodo.
According to the last census the tur
key population of the country has fall
en olT greatly in recent years. Ou
statistician records the sad prediction :
that the popular bird will before manj
years be "as scarce as the dodo."
Instead o!
Worrying
about the high cost of
living, just buy a pack
age of
Grape-Nuts
still sold at the same
fair price.
Enjoy a morning dish
of this delicious food,
and smile over the fact
that you've had a good
breakfast and
Saved Money
Isn't that a fair start
for any day?
K