North Carolina Newspapers

WOMAN NOW IN ' PERFECTHEALTH What Came From Reading a Pinkham Adver tisement. COST OF GROWING A CALF TO ONE YEAR WORK TO INCREASE POULTRY PRODUCTS HOW TO AVOID BITTER MILK ''!' SHORTHORN COWS ON (By PKOK. JAMES WII.SON. South Da kota Agricultural College.) Breeders of Shorthorn cattle should be Interested In the cost of producing a Shorthorn bull to the age of twelve months. Of course this varies hi dif ferent localities and with different breeders, but having produced hun dreds of purebred calves, I appreciate the fact that some do not care to have their twelve mouths' old calves as large or as heavy aa this one was, but for early maturity the calves must be fed. I know of no better place to crib grain than in purebred Shorthorn calves even If It does cost two and three cents a pound. Interested in Cost. A few years ago I was Interested in knowing how much It actually cost the state to produce a bull at twelve months of age lit the pace we were go ing, so I selected a calf that was ten days old and weighed him for the trial. A daily record was kept of his feed, also that of his mother, and he weighed every 30 days. lie receivedjust or dinary attention, no more than hun dreds of bulls that I have fed of this breed under similar conditions. This calf was born December 7, 1912. He received his mother's milk (no nurse cows ; I would not give much for the cow that cannot nurse her own calf), and because of his age was not al lowed to run with her and the re mainder of the herd when she was turned on grass. May 1G, the following year. The mother Is a pure Scotch cow of less than medium scale and only an average milk producer. Bull calves of this age do not do well when turned with the herd in the spring to fight flies and worry all summer. Grazing in the evening would have been all right for this calf, but not having a suitable pasture he was kept In the yard day and night, and the expense of growing Is probably a few dollars more than it would have been had we had a good pasture and sev eral other bulls to have turned out with him in the evening after he was fed his grain ration. Attracted Attention. There was a "something" about this bull that attracted the attention of everyone who saw him. His type as Shorthorn, his size for his age, his character as a bull, his solid dark red color, all had a bearing. When calves of this age have great big thick horns and the horns have been trimmed or a wee bit sawed off the ends it is evi dence that the calf has been neglected. Probably he has lost his milkfat and an effort Is being made to put It back with grain. The Shorthorn is the most popular breed of cattle in the United States to day. The popularity must be credited to the fact that as a breed It comes nearer filling the dual-purpose capacity than any other. The cows are fairly good milkers, and when put on the market make good beef. Now I do not claim this breed in its. entirety Is as good for milk production as a breed developed along strictly dairy lines or as food for beef production as a breed developed solely along beef lines, but some excel In beef and some excel In milk. Milk for Calf. When this calf was ten dys old he weighed 122 pounds, not an extra large weight for a calf of the breed. At this time the mother weighed 1,100 pounds. It was our intention to feed her a ra tion out of which she could make milk for the calf and maintain her own weight, us she was not an extra fat cow. We made a mixture of 200 pounds of oats, 50 pounds of corn, 25 pounds of bran and one-tenth as much of the total by weight of oilmeal. The idea of adding the bran was to compel more thorough mastication of the grain before swallowing and to furnish pro tein and mineral matter. In addition to this ration she was fed ordinary wild hay. At this time the cow was on full feed, or 12 pounds of the mixture per day and all the hay she wanted. At the end of 30 days her grain ration was Increased to 14 pounds of the mixture, and at the end of 60 days the two were eating 10 pounds, as the calf at this time had learned to eat grain with its mother. When the calf was eighty days old he was fed in a separate box, beginning with four pounds of the same mixture and gradually increas ing, giving him all he would eat after he had sucked his mother. Grain for Calf. On May 16 the cow was turned to grass and was brought in morning and evening to nurse the calf. Her grain rations was gradually reduced and that of the calf Increased. At this time the mother weighed 1,134 and the calf KM. The calf was now five months OKLAHOMA FARM. old. The next month he was fed al- l'alta hay In place of the wild hay, and , on the eighteenth of July his grain ra- I tion was changed to one-third oats, two-thirds corn and one-tenth oil meal ; by weight. On August 1 Bromus In- j eriuis hay was substituted for alfalfa , hay (because of scarcity of alfalfa) ' and the calf at this time was eating 12 pounds of grain dally and what hay ; he wanted. He was continued on this ration until twelve months and ten days old, when he was eating 10 pounds of the mixture dally. At this lime he weighed 1,098 pounds. I have , fed calves that were heavier than this one for their ages, but they were from better milkers than this cow. j The following Is a statement of the quantity of food actually consumed by the cow and calf until he was one year old. This is figured at ordinary prices for feed in the Northwest, and not wartime prices : - 1 Oats, 79.9 bu.. at 23c $18.37 Corn, 31.8 bu., at 35c 11.13 Oilmeal. 509 lbs., at lc 9.1(5 Bran, 2fSSVi lbs., at lc... 2.3S Wild hay, 2.11 tons, at $0 12.00 Alfalfa hay. .20 tons, at $15 3.90 Bromus inertnus hay, A tons, at $0 3.00 Pasture for cow 7 months, at 1. 7.00 I Total $08.20 Gain of Calf by Months. Pounds. First month 80 Second month 70 Third month 78 Fourth month . 100 Fifth month 98 Sixth month 110 Seventh month 50 Eighth month 102 Ninth month 04 Tenth month 82 Eleventh month 48 Twelfth month 32 Total gain 97e Pounds. Weight at beginning 122 Total weight at close 1,098 Average gain per month 81 Average gain dally 2.G7 Had I been fitting this calf for show purposes I would have added a good nurse cow and probably two, which would have Increased the cost materi ally, but new milk Is the best feed and I would have had a much heavier and fatter calf. Many will wonder whether it pays to even feed calves this way. At the close of the record keeping we were offered $300 by several different parties for him and today he would have brought $700 to $1,000 and prob ably more at auction. INCREASED VALUE OF MANURE Field Tests Conducted at University of Missouri in Different Soils and Seasons. Just what the farmer can pay for a ton of manure or for hauling and taking care of It varies with differ ent conditions. For ten years the Uni versity of Missouri College of Agricul ture has been Investigating this ques tion. Field tests have been made in 13 different parts of the state. Differ ent soils, seasons, and kinds of ma nure have been included under ordi nary methods of farming. In practically all cases eight tons of manure to the acre was applied once In four years and plowed under before the corn crop. No manure was ap plied on the following crops of oats, wheat and clover, but the yields were all recorded. The Increase in crop yields caused by the use of eight tons of manure per acre were as follows: 10 bushels of corn, 5 bushels of wheat, 4 bushels of oats, and about 7,000 pounds of hay. This is an average from 00 tests on corn- and a somewhat less number on the other crops. Figuring these Increases at normal prices they are worth about $16, or about $2 a ton for the eight tons of manure applied. With present prices, which are almost double those of normal times, manure Is worth cor respondingly more, or about $4 a ton. BEST FOR IMPROVING SOILS Nature's Plan Is to Use Cover Crop o Weeds or Trees and Subsoil bv Deep Roots. Nature's plan of improving soils Is to use a cover crop of weeds, grass, shrubs or trees and to subsoil by send ing the roots down 1, 2, 3 or 4 feet, as the case may be, thus airing and en riching the subsoil without bringing 11 to the surface. Use of Laxative Feeds Is Recommend ed as Preventive Churning Difficulties Relieved. Both the quality and quantity of a herd's milk production depend on the physical fitness of the cows as well as on the nutrients in the feed. Bitter milk and milk with a strong odor both indicate that something in the cow's digestive system is out of order. A few doses of Epsom salts are frequent ly of benefit, but a better method is to choose the feed that disorders will not occur. Among dairy feeds that are in clined to be constipating and a cause of bitter milk are corn fodder, corn kstover, timothy hay (and most hays ex cept those from leguminous crops like, clover and alfalfa), all straws, cotton-' seed meal. Among the feeds that are laxative In their effect on the system are lin seed meal, wheat bran, silage, hay from the legumes, roots, tubers and fruits, all fresh green feeds. The use of feeds in the second list will In a large measure prevent bit ter milk and also the difficulties of churning cream skimmed from such milk. CALF PRECAUTIONS 1. Feed regularly. 2. Feed at proper tempera ture (100 degrees Farenhelt). 3. Feed individually. 4. Do not overfeed. 5. Make all changes gradu ally. 0. Give access to fresh water and salt. 7. Keep all utensils clean. 8. Provide clean pens with plenty of light and sunshine. 9. Provide plenty of bedding. FEED CALVES SKIMMED MILK Richer but in Protein Than Whole Milk, Lower in Carbohydrates Use Clean Vessels. Skimmed milk is a little richer in protein than whole milk, but lower In carbohydrates. Since most of the fat has been removed in the cream the skimmed milk will need carbohydrates to make it a balanced ration for calves. A good plan is to replace a portion of the whole milk with skimmed milk, gradually increase the skimmed milk with some form of carbohydrates till all of the whole milk replaced by skimmed milk. Fine ground meal is one of the best carbohydrate supple- Skim Milk Age (One to Six Months.) ments to be fed with skimmed milk. Some feeders cook the meal, stir it In the skimmed milk and feed It ta the calf. After the calf is two weeks old it will eat fine ground meal and if fed small quantities will assimilate it. Linseed meal is also used. Care should be taken in feeding calves. They should be taught to drink from the pall as soon as pos sible. Nothing but clean vessels should be used and the milk should be clea and warm. GIVE CALF PAILS ATTENTION During Warm Weather Especial At tention Should Be Given to Uten sils Keep Them Clean. The farmer who uses the swill pail for feeding calves or who hangs the pail on a post between feedings with out washing it will soon be looking for a cure for calf scours. The dirty calf pail is one of the chief causes of scours, according to L. W. Wing, Jr., of the University of Missouri College of Agriculture. With the fly season and warm weather at hand extra pre cautions must be taken In caring for the calf pails. They should be washed thoroughly after each feed and steri lized either with steam or hot water. After the palls have been sterilized they should be Inverted in a clean protected place until time to use their again. UNDESIRABLE HABIT OF COW Usually Acquired When Animals Ar Young Hard to Break When When Once Established. It is disappointing to give a cow good care, and feed her well, and then have her suck herself. This un desirable habit is one that cows get into usually while they are young. After the habit Is once established they never quit it, and It is not an easy matter to break them of It permanently. FEED HOPPER DESIGNED Very few farmers practice a sys tematic plan of disposing of their fowls after they have ceased to be productive, although it Is well known that fowls of the heavier breeds, such as the Plymouth Rocks, cease to pro duce a profitable number of eggs at the end of their second laying year, and that this holds true of the lighter breeds, such as the Leghorns, at the end of their third laying year. Con sequently, if efforts were made to dis pose of all females when their best laying days were over, a large quan tity of poultry meat would be placed on the market. All poorly developed chickens should likewise be culled out and used as meat. This way of dis posing of unprofitable fowls would al low the farmer to feed his grain to younger and more productive fowls. Caponizlng the cockerels that are not intended for breeding purposes will not only increase their size but will place a more desirable poultry meat on the market. Another prac tice that should be adopted more widely is that of fattening all chick ens that are to be marketed before they leave the farm. This can be lone easily by confining the birds for :i week or ten days and feeding them i good fattening ration. They will come to market then In better condi tion r.nd the farmer will receive a lrot for their added weight. Increasing Poultry Supply. The greater production of turkeys, ducks, geese and guineas, all of which can be profitably raised and a ready market found In most sections, would increase the supply of poultry meat considerably. The production of 3ucks especially should be emphasized ,it this time, because of the rapidity with which they grow. Ducks of most of the meat breeds, properly fed and managed, frequently weigh from five to six pounds at ten weeks of age. It is estimated by poultrymen making a specialty of growing ducks that the feed cost per pound of producing duck meat ranges from eight cents to twelve cents, depending upon the cur rent prices of grain and other feeds. The number of marketable eggs can be Increased by following a few practical suggestions. Among the most important of these are the pro duction of the infertile egg after the breeding season is over, and the proper handling of eggs by the farmer before sending them to market. The Infertile egg is obtained when all male birds are removed from the flock. This does not decrease the number of eggs produced, but it does increase greatly their keeping qualities. The produc tion of the infertile egg and the proper handling and marketing of eggs by the producer would Increase tremen dously the number of marketable egg3 each year by diminishing the quantity that are rendered unfit for food. Cleanliness Is Essential. The poultry house should be clean and sanitary and the fowls free from insect pests, thereby preventing dis ease and mortality. It is estimated r A White Leghorn Cockerel. that nearly $9,000,000 worth of poul try is lost each year through disease alone. Special attention should be given to the feeding and housing of laying fowls at seasons of the year when their natural source of food sup ply is cut off. Broody hens greatly reduce the egg yield and in tlds time of egg shortage it is Important that each hen be kept busy. It Is a mistake to let them sit simply because they want to. If they are allowed to follow their Inclina tions they will sit indefinitely. If they are broken up they will begin lay ing again in about ten days, provided that they are in good condition. Such methods as dipping the broody lien in water are useless in breaking her up and they may impair future egg production. As soon as the hen -(hows signs of broodiness she should be removed to a slat or wire bottom coop. She will be easier broken up it first than later. Broodiness is -mite largely a state of mind. If the roody coop is put where the hen can ice the rest of the flock, she will ;row restless. After four days let ur return to the flock. By this time he will have changed her mind and ill go back to laying. Be sure to Ved her liberally while hi the coop, TO PREVENT WASTE. for laying hens must have a surplus of fat. A hen In poor flesh rarely lays. A little attention to the broody hen will make a great difference in the looks of the balance sheet. In these days of high-priced eggs it Is Impor tant that the hen take aa little vaca tion as possible. Keeping Small Flock. The actual economy secured by the keeping of a small flock of chickens depends primarily upon their egg pro duction, and this in turn is largely a matter of care. Under favorable con ditions, however, it Is estimated that 150 eggs the first year and 120 the second is a fair return from the ordi nary hen. On the other hand, at least from 25 to 50 cents a year must be expended for grain and other feeds, the exact amount depending upon the quantity of table scraps and green and insect food available. Where all the feed must be purchased, from $1 to $1.25 is allowed. Even in the most thrifty household, however, there - is always a large quantity of table scraps, vegetable parings and other "left overs" for the hens, so that a considerable portion of their feed con sists of what otherwise would be car ried off the place by the garbage man. Although of less importance than the eggs, the supply of poultry for the table furnished by the home flock is an item that cannot be overlooked. In a flock of 25 which the owner is per petuating there will be approximately twelve or thirteen cockerels, almost all of which, can be used best for food. Barred Plymouth Rock Cockerel. Half of the hens must go each year also, so that, allowing for losses and for birds reserved for breeding there still will be enough appreciably to affect the butcher's bill. Fowls for Ordinary Family. From twelve to fifteen hens are suf ficient to provide the ordinary family with enough eggs and meat to render the keeping of the birds worth while. The amount of outdoor space the flock will require may be estimated at about 25 square feet for each bird. There are Instances In which chickens have thrived with much less than this, but unless the soil Is especially favorable and the birds recelvetunusually good care, crowding is likely to prove un profitable. Poultry specialists do not recom mend, however, that everyone with the requisite space at his disposal should go in for chicken raising. Un less there Is a natural interest in poultry or a determination to make the flock a source of real economy, even if it does take time and trouble, the venture is not likely to prove suc cessful. Lack of care may result in disease that will 'sweep off the entire flock, and it is almost certain to cause a reduction in egg production that will make the birds a burden Instead of a help. FEEDING PULLETS FOR EGGS Stunted Fowls Will Prove Decided Disappointment Care and Feed ing Are Important. Pallets that are stunted by poor feeding during the first few weeks of their lives will prove a decided disap pointment from the standpoint of their egg production, according to N. L. Ilar ris, superintendent of the Kansas State Agricultural college poultry farm. "If an abundant supply of eggs Is to be expected next fall and winter, the young pullets must be fed from the first with this view in mind," said Mr. Harris. "There Is always shortage of eggs In the early fall and winter, due largely to the fact that the care and feeding are not properly attended to during the early life of the chick. "Hens do not consume feed one day to manufacture It into eggs the next. Chicks should be fed a good ration throughout the entire year instead of being allowed to hustle for themselves after they have attained a weight of two or three pounds. It is practically Impossible to induce the hens to lay during the cold winter months unless they have been well developed and started to laying during the nice fall weather." PaterBon, N. J. "I thank you for the Lydia E. Pinkham remedies aa they nave maae me wen and healthy. Some time ago I felt so run down, had pains in my back and Bide, waa very irregular, tired, nervous, had such bad dreams, did not feel like eat ing and bad short breath. I read your advertisement in tho newspapers and decided to try a bottle of Lydia E. Pink ham's Vegetable Compound. It worked from the first bottle, so I took a second and a third, also a bottle of Lydia E. Pinkham's Blood Purifier, and now I am just as well as any other woman. I ad vise every woman, single or married, who is troubled with any of the afore said ailments, to try your wonderful Vegetable Compound and Blood Purifier and I am sure they will help her to get rid of her troubles as they did me." Mrs. Elsie J. Van der Sande, 36 Now York SL, Paterson, N. J. Write the Lydia E. Pinkham Medicine Co., (confidential) Lynn, Mass, if you need special advice. GREEN MOUNTAIN ASTH TREATMENT Standard remedy for fifty years and result of many year experience; in treatment ol throat and lung- diseases by Dr. J. H. Guild. Free Simpl and Practical Treatise on Asthma, it causa, treatment, etc., sent upon re quest. J5c. 4 f 1.00 at druggist. J. H. GUILD CO., Rupert, VV IPLL liONIC Sold for 4? years. For Malaria, Chills and Fever. Also a Fine General Strengthening Tonic "Ki'iSiS- A New Place for Orderlies. There Is evidence that life in llw army has its humorous side even in war time. In a story that recently weut the rounds of the English press, a newly appointed officer who was making his first visit to the mess, with the usual inquiry of "any complaints ?' arrived at one mess somewhat earlier than he was expected, and the order ly of the day, being taken by surprise, and In his shirt sleeves, dived under the table to save a reprimand. "Any complaints?" asted the offi cer. The corporal, grasping the situation at once, answered for the absent or derly. "None, sir." "Who is this?" asked the officer, sud denly catching sight of the orderly un der the table. ' The corporal again rose to the situa tion. "Orderly of the dny, sir," he an swered. "Oh 1" said the ollicer, and passed on. The next mess were quite prepared, with the orderly, spick and span, standing at attention at the head of the table. "Any complaints?" "None, sir," answered the orderly. The ollicer looked hlin well over. "And who are you?" he asked. "Orderly of the day, sir." "Then why the dickens aren't you under the table?" was the unexpected retdrt. Idleness Makes a Fortune. "If you sit Idly you will lose money every minute," is a liberal paraphrase of a well-known Japanese proverb and serves as a protest against idleness, but the Tokyo Hochi cites the case of the great Buddha at Nara, which, despite inaction, is reaping a fortune. During the year ending June 25 the Buddha received 351,000 visitors, who paid admission fees aggregating $9,350. The exaction of a fee to visit the big Buddha began In 1911, since which time $127,500 gate money has been re ceived. Horse Chestnuts as Food. An effort Is being made to adapt the horse chestnuts to the human dietary. The nuts are more than half starch and sugar, with some protein and fat, and are nutritious. Their value chiefly depends on the elimination of the bit ter elements and the Irritating saponl like glucosldes. South African railways In 1918 will expend $50,815,000, It is estimated. Portugal this year produces 370,831, 577 qunrts of grape wine. "No bowl is too big when it holds Post Toasties I PI ; pill RaA i m i