North Carolina Newspapers

1 2&HATO1T PLAN TO PREVENT LOSS OF RANGE CATTLE CONTAINERS MEET REQUIREMENTS OF LAW i ft X X 1 r 5 L 1 jw.v3E:.:-:-.,?Xvk!.v.:.. i J IMPROVED CATTLE ON (Prepared by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture.) A matter of pressing importance in view of the present need for increas ing the nation's food supply Is the solution of the problem of how to pro duce more and better cuttle on West ern range lands. It is generally con ceded that the carrying capacity of the remaining areas of public land is at least 2 per cent less than it was orig inally, the result of grazing stock at Improper seasons and overstocking. It Is also a fact that the productiveness of many privately owned ranges, both fenced and unfeneed, has been reduced through faulty management. To work out a system of range management and improvement practicable for large grazing units, which will build up the depleted areas and insure the main tenance of the whole range in good condition, the United States forest service made a study of the Jornada Range Reserve, a unit comprising some 200.CKX) acres in southern New Mexico Average Loss of Stock. The average loss of stock on the Jornado Itange Reserve, June 1 to De cember 31. 1915, was at the rate of 1.9 per cent for a year; the average loss In 1916 was 1.5 p?r cent. The aver age losses for New Mexico are ap proximately 10.6 per cent for calves to twelve months of age, o.C per cent for yearlings, and 5.8 per cent for other stock. The small loss at the Jornada re serve Is attributed to careful, system atic vaccination against blackleg, to the reservation of grama-grass .nge for poor stock during the critical spring months, to feeding the animals a small quantity of cottonseed cane, and to prevention of straying. In order to provide for extra range J FOOD SUPPLY SOURCES Milk and Dairy Products of Im portance During War. Armies and Navies Will Draw Heavily on Stocks of Condensed Milk, Cheese and Butter Take Care of Cattle. t (By A. C. BAER, Department of Dairying, Oklahoma A. and M. College, Still water.) Milk and dairy products must con tinue to be one of the main sources of our food supply during the period of the war. Our armies and navies will draw heavily on our supply of dairy products, especially condensed milk, cheese and butter. The dairy cow must also continue to furnish the people at home with milk, cream and butter, our cheapest and best foods. Dairy cattle must be conserved, well cared for and economically fed and handled so that our dairy products will not become exorbitantly high in price. Consumers are already in arms against the high price of butter, cheese and milk. Present prices of these prod ucts are high compared with what they were several years ago, but compared with the other food products, milk, cheese and butter are not yet so ex pensive as to be beyond the reach of the ordinary consumer. Milk at 12 cents per quart is still as cheap food compared with meat, fruit and vegetables. Butter at 50 cents is rtlll better and cheaper from the stand point of food value than most substi tutes for butter (other fats) at 35 cents or 40 cents. The producers of milk must be able to conduct their business at a profit, and people should not be alarmed at a small increase in the price of mllk fhen other food products are compara tively high In price. ORCHARD FOR FRUIT SUPPLY One Acre of Carefully Selected Varie ties Will Be Found Sufficient Plan In Winter. (Clemaon College Bulletin.) A home orchard of one acre of care fully selected fruits and varieties Is usually sufficient to furnish a gen erous surply of fruit throughout the season, and a canning surplus for win ter. By planting In fall and winter more time Is had for the thorough prepara tion of the soil, time Is saved, trees will become well established before the growing season and the conserved moisture lessens the percentage of dead troes. to b - vcrv SOUTHWEST RANCH. for the breeding stock in pxr years, one-third of the stock on a range unit should he steers. It is then posrible to reduce the number of stock, when necessary, by selling steer- without great sacrifice and without interfering with the breeding stock. In good years the number of steers can be increased and in hud years decreased. Provide Against Loss. To provide against loss in extreme ly bad years, some kind of roughage to supplement the range forage, for feeding with cottonseed cake or other concentrated feed, would be a decided advantage on southwestern ranges. Ensilage made from soap weed (Yucca elata) has been tried, and the results are promising, but not extensive enough to warrant definite conclusions Feeding cottonseed cake to calves weaned during the late fall, winter, and early spring is an Important factor in cutting down loss and Increasing thf size of the stock, as well as in in creasing the calf crop. Where this is done, young calves can be taken from poor cows, thus reducing loss from starvation among both cows and calves and stimulating earlier breeding. In dications are that such feeding is a good business venture from the stand point of increased value of the calves, aside from decreasing the Vss from starvation. Range feed not more than two and one-half miles from water is a big fac tor in cutting down loss from starva tion, especially where little or nd sup plemental feeding is done. The possibilities of decreasing loss justify more attention on the part of stockmen to careful, systematic vac cination as a preventive of blackleg and to picking out and feeding stock In need of special care. FEEDING ANIMALS !N WINTER During Cold Weather Heat-Producing Feed Is Required Hay Silage and Fodder Are Good. Feeders should not forget that ani mals during cold weather require con siderable heat-producing feed, such as grain. Hay silage and fodder give bulk and are valuable in the ration. They cannot take the place of grain. Corn is one of the best grains for heat and fat production. For horses, mules, hogs, cows and sheep corn Is very important. However, cows giv ing milk should not be fed too much corn as they need feed high In pro tein for milk production. But corn Is good for dairy cows when fed In suf ficient amounts to balance the ration with feeds rich in protein and with hay and silage. Hogs are especially fond of corn. Fattening hogs will consume an enor mous amount and will make very rapid gains when also given other concen trates with more protein than corn has. The grain sorghums are not quite as high In protein and fat as corn, but they are good feeds nevertheless. Animals soon learn to like these sor ghum grains and will do as well on them as corn, provided the ration is balanced. FEEDING ANIMALS IN WINTER Kind of Work Beino Performed Has Much to Do With Ration Feeder Should Watch Closely. Just as people may require more heat-producing foods such as meat In winter than in summer so may ani mals need more grain than In sum mer. But the kind of work the ani mal does, or whether it Is on heavy work or no work, has much to do with the feed of work stock. Cows giving ml'k require more protein and carbo hydrates than cows that are dry. A good feeder should watch his ani mals very closely and feed what the animals, will clean up and no more. He should know the relative values of feeds and then learn the requirements of his animals. He can soon learn to raise feeds economically. MULES ALWAYS FIND DEMAND Ready Sale for Animals in All Cotton Growing States No Improvement in Production. You need not be afraid to raise mules of most any size. There Is a demand for them. There will al ways he a demand for this kind of stock. Who can recollect the time when there was not a ready sale over the cotton-growing states for mules? There bns not been much Improve- FIRST-CLAS3 BULL FAVORED Associations Are Now Making It Pos sible for Farmer to Secure Service of Purebred Sire. The owner of a large herd of grade cows can well afford to own a first class bull, and bull associations are now making it possible for the owner of a small herd to own a share in a good, well-bred bull. A co-operative bull association is a fanners' organi zation the chief purpose of which is the joint ownership, use, and exchange of high-class, purebred bulls. If skill fully managed, these associations should be eventually the greatest sin gle factor in the upbuilding of our dairy herds. To build up a valuable and profitable dairy herd, careful and intelligent management must be combined with selection and breeding. Ill treatment yt1"---: y.V Animal of High Class. und insufficient or unsuitable feed have made many a well-bred and carefully selected herd unprofitable. All cows should be well bred and well fed. It never pays to keep a cow that does not pay a fair return for first-class feed and care. URGE CLEAN DAIRY UTENSILS Dirt Is Cause of Production of Much Poor Milk, Cream and Butter Wash Separator. Much poor milk, cream and butter are produced because of dirty uten sils. It is not necessary that the dirt be present in sufficient quantities to be seen by the naked eye In order to render the can unfit for use. The unclean separator is another common source of contamination. The separator should be taken apart and carefully washed and scalded after each separation. After the separator parts and utensils have been cleaned and dried, they should have a clean, dry appearance and should not be greasy to the touch. A greasy coating on the Interior of a milk can will spoil milk or cream in a very few hours. It doesn't cost any more to keep the utensils clean and the results obtained are more satisfactory in every way. WATER GIVEN MILKING COWS Test Proves That Animals Drink at Pond or Creek Only Enough to Satisfy Cravings. It stands to reason that in winter the water given milking cows should not be icy. Many farmer.? boast of the fact that they own creeks or ponds to which their cows have access In cold weather. And while this saves work and expense, it is hard on the cows, though the farmers claim it is not. If you want to test the matter, let your cows go to the pond or creek and drink through the ice. Then, when you have returned to the sta ble, carry in water that is not lower than about 60 degrees Fahrenheit, and see how your cows will go after It. This proves that they drink at the pond or creek only enough to satisfy their immediate cravings and not enough to fill their bags with milk. MAKE DAIRY BUSINESS PAY Raise All Heifer Calves From Good Cows and Keep Purebred Sires Have Good Silos. To make the dairy business pay the best, raise all the heifer calves from good cows and keep purebred sires, is the advice of Wear Brothers of Illi nois who speak from experience. Have good silos and put all corn raised in the silo. Have plenty of alfalfa and clover hay. Cows must be well housed and given plenty of water to get best results. LIGHT FOR WINTER MONTHS Darkness Has Deteriorating Effect on General Health of Herd and Affects Eyesight The dark dairy stall is more likely to be In evidence during the winter months than in the summer, as some farmers seem to tnink the barn must !ie closed as tightly as possible. Still, light is not only an essential to com- " m- .... m 1 1 1 ., ! T 1 r' i i- ji CORRUGATED BOXES (Prepared by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture.) Experience has shown that frequent ly parcels are mailed in containers not sufficiently strong and inadequately prepared and protected. These are a cause of complaint. While the con tainers often can be secured more eas ily by the consumer, the producer thr sue the! itie ula so the ber ers am his er to won aga eg E live oth to TJ Hvt of the fleet foil Eggs shall be accepted for mailing regardless of distance when each egg Is wrapped separately and surrounded with excelsior, cotton, or other suit able material and packed in a strong container made of double-faced corru gated pasteboard, metal, wood, or oth er suitable material and wrapped so that nothing can scape from the pack age. All such, parcels shall be labeled 4,Eggs." EGGS FOR HOME USE Water-Glass Solution Is Recom mended as Best Plan. Standard Grade Can Be Obtained at Drug Stores for 75 Cents per Gal lonDilute With Water Boiled and Cooled. (Prepared Specially by the United States Agriculture.) In the spring, when they are plenti ful, eggs may be preserved for home use in a solution of water glass, so that those laid during the fall and win ter season may be available for mar keting. A standard grade of water glass can be obtained at drug stores for 75 cents per gallon, if bought In moderately large quantities. Each quart of water glass should be diluted with ten quarts of water which has been boiled and cooled. Only strictly fresh, newly laid, clean eggs should be pTaced In the solution. The eggs may be packed In stone jars or crocks which have been washed thoroughly In scalding water and the water-glass solution poured over them, or the eggs may be placed daily In the solution by putting them down In It carefully by hand so as to avoid breaking or crack ing them. The solution at all times should cover the eggs to a depth of at least two inches. The solution will not injure the hands. The jars should be put in a cool and preferably dark place before the eggs are deposited In them, and should not be moved, be cause breakage and loss may result. The water-glass solution may become cloudy, but this "is a natural condition and should cause no alarm. Eggs thus kept are good for all pur poses, but the shells break rather eas ily in boiling. This trouble can be prevented by puncturing the end of the shell with a pin or needle Just before boiling. Perhaps an occasional cus tomer will be willing to buy eggs pre served in water glass, but they should be sold for just what they are and at a price mutually agreed upon by the producer and customer. FEED MASH TO LAYING HENS Maine Station Recommends Mixture of Cornmeal, Middlings, Gluten Meal and Beef Scrap. The Maine station fed the following mash to laying hens with good results : Wheat bran two parts by weight, cornmeal one, middlings one, gluten meal or dried brewers' grain one, lin seed meal one, beef scrap one. The ration might be reduced to wheat bran, -FhAJltc' 'ttnn tf"- P1fj"l an(l beef scrap, FOR SHIPPING EGGS. Eggs In parcels weighing more than 20 pounds shall be accepted for mail ing to offices in the first and second zones when packed in crates, boxes, buckets, on other containers having tight bottoms to prevent the escape of anything from the packages and so constructed as properly to protect the contents. Such packages to be marked Uiggs This side up," and to be trans ited outside of mall bags. I Ideal Container Is Simple. he ideal container must be simple onstructlon, efficient in service, and ip. Simplicity of construction is ntial, so that it may be assembled packed or filled readily and rap '.. Any part which is to be opened uld be so marked or notched as to icate the part to pull up or out. It st be efficient in service to insure lsfaction to the shipper and to the elver, and also to prevent damage bther mall matter by possible break- p and leakage. It must be ir..xpen- e or it will defeat the object to be ained, which is a reduction of the t of handling between producer and isumer. frlals of many different styles and kes of containers or cartons for pplng eggs by parcel post were de. Quite a number proved satis- tory in extended trials. A few of m are Illustrated In these pages for purpose of showing in a general ly their appearance and construc- b. Any container wh'.ch meets the postal requirements and which serves the purpose properly can be used. The experiment stations in the varl ious states have Information as to con tainers for parcel post shipments of eggs In consumer-size lots, and persons desiring information of this kind should not address the United States department of agriculture, but should address the director of the experiment station in their own states.; GIVE CLEAN NEST MATERIAL Hay, Straw, Excelsior, Leaves, Etc, Should Be Changed Often to Prevent Disease. The nest materials, such as hay, straw, excelsior, leaves, etc., should be changed occasionally as foul ma terial is a good breeding place for germs of diseases. Insects are also likely to harbor in the old nests if the materials are not changed from time to time. At this season of the year attention should be given to cleanliness. All rubbish such as old nest materials should be burned or carefully fumi gated and thrown in the manure heap. The nest should be renewed with clean, sanitary materials. ' Those who do not think it makes much difference to hens are badly mistaken. Hens are not likely to stay in foul unsani tary nests and often "steal their nest" off where it is hard to find. At this season of the year the great est care should be taken to clean up and spray against insects and dis eases. If care is taken now little dan ger will be met. But precautions should be taken now if the fowls are to have a chance. ABUNDANT SUPPLY OF LITTER Clean Straw Should Be Provided for Winter Use Renew at Least Twice Monthly. An abundant supply of deep litter, preferably clean straw, should be pro vided for winter use, renewing the covering of all floors at least twice a month. This is the hen's punching bag or gymnastic equipment to insure winter health and vigor. Fortunately straw Is cheap this year, and It should be used freely, as it is a great com fort to the hens In more ways than one. Be sure there is something In it worth digging for at least half or two thirds of each day. The active hen easily turns hor feed into eggs, while the overfed, inactive hen is unprofit able as well as her scantily fed sister. FOWLS FOR BREEDING FLOCK Hen That Molts Late Is the One That Has Been Busy in Filling Egg Basket Keep Her. The hen that molts late in the sea son Is the one that has been busy fill ing the egg basket. She is the one that ought to be kept In the breeding flock and from which eggs for hatch ing should be selected next spring. The hen that molts early In the fall or the late summer Is the slacker and the one that should go to market. This re verses the policy that many have been Compounded of vegetable drugs in a perfectly appointed laboratory by skilled chemists, after the prescription of a suc cessful physician of wide ex perience, and approved by the experience of tens of thous ands in. the last forty-five years. Peruna's Success rests strictly on its merit as a truly scientific treatment for all diseases of catarrhal symp toms. It has come to be the recognized standby of the American home because it has deserved to be, and it stands today as firm as the eternal hills in the confidence of an enormous number. What Helped Them May Help You Get our free booklet, "Health and How to Have It," of your drug gist, or write direct to us. The Peruna Company Columbus, Ohio Distemper, Can Be Controlled tor using Dr. David Bobebts' FFVPP PACTF Price Sl.OO and WHITE LINIMENT Read the Psactical Home Veterin.riaa Send fur free booklet on Ahobtioic In Cows. If no dealer in your town, write Dr. David Roberts' Vet. Co., 100 Grand Avenue, Waukesha, Wis. IF YOU OWN A LITTLE FIELD FOR THE IAND5 iAM DRA1H IT iYEUTO MAKE IT YIELD, DROPSY TREATMENT. G1t qulok reltefi Boon remoTM swelling and hort breath. Nerer beard of lta ennui tnr imim. .Try it. Trial treatment aent mil, bj mall. write to DR. THOMAS E. CREEN Bank Bldo Bo 20, CHATS WORTH, A 200,000 War Marriages. Sir Bernard Mallet, registrar gen eral, addressing the Royal Statistical society recently, said that In England and Wales 200,000 people had married between August, 1911, and June, 1917, while in Hungary, the only other bel ligerent country for which complete figures were available, the figure was (500,000. By the end of June, 1918, the United Kingdom would have lost by the fall In births over 500,000 potential lives, 10,000 per million of the popula tion. For some unexplained reason England was remarkable for the low excess of male over female births, not only as compared with continental countries but also with the other parts of the United Kingdom. A decline In the number of suicides was an inter esting minor feature of the war period. PROVEN SWAMP-ROOT AIDS WEAK KIDKEYS The symptoms qf kidney and bladder troubles are often very distressing and leave the system in a run-down condition. The kidneys seem to suffer most, as al most every victim complains of lame back and urinary troubles whicfi should not be neglected, as these danger signals often lead to more dangerous kidney troubles. Dr. Kilmer's Swamp-Root which, so many people say, soon heals and strength ens the kidneys, is a splendid kidney, liver and bladder medicine, and, being an herbal compound, has a gentle heal ing effect on the kidneys, which is al most immediately noticed in most cases by those who use it. A trial will convince anyone who may be in need of it. Better get a bottle from your nearest drug store, and start treat ment at once. However, if you wish first to test thU great preparation senu ten cents to Dr. Kilmer & Co., Binghamton, N. Y., for a sample bottle. When writing be sure and mention this paper. Adv. Easy Money. Secretary Lansing at a luncheon talked about the German corruption funds. "Germany gave over 10,000,000 marks to Bolo," he said. "She gave over 5,000,000 to Lenoir. She handed to Count Bernstorft for his various prop aganda at least 100,000,000. "This proves to us that there are lo'ts of easy marks In Germany." Detroit Free Press. Soothe Itching Scalps. On retiring gently rub spots of dan druff and Itching with Cutlcura Oint ment. Next morning shampoo with Cutlcura Soap and hot water. For free samples address, "Cutlcara, Dept. X, Boston." At druggists and by mall, Soap 25, Ointment 25 and 50. Adv. Fools are not the only ones who get a quick divorce from thsrfr money dur ing the holidays. A torpid Hver prevents proper food aiflm. Ilatlon. Tone up your liver with Wright's Indian Vegetable Pllla. They act gently. Adv. Many a man's thirst has separated him from his last quarter. i 2 When Vour Eyes Need Care ! II !