DAIRY
Our Part in Feeding the Nation
c
(Special Information Service, United States Department of Agriculture.)
GETTING ALONG WITH LESS SUGAR
INCREASE OF MUTTON SHEEP
Take Lead Held by Fine Wool Animal
Ten Years AgoOhio Is Now
Leading State.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
Sheep raising primarily for mutton
production and secondarily for wool Is
6teadlly advancing in this country. At
the present time 43 per cent of the
sheep belong to those of the mutton
blood, 35 per cent to those of fine wool,
tind 20 per cent to the crossbreeds.
Ten years ago the mutton sheep were
83 per cent of nil sheep, fine-wool
sheep 41 per cent, and crossbreeds 24
per cent, and consequently, during this
period one-teuth of the national flock
has changed from wool to mutton as
the chief purpose. While mutton sheep
have thus Increased their percentage
of all sheep by 10 during as many
years, fine-wool sheep have lost Gla
from this percentage and the cross
breeds 3.
This revolution of recent years In
the sheep Industry, which is now pre
sumably continuing, is largely charac
terized in the national average by the
Western and Pacific states, in which
t
m
Sheep Entering Sweating Pens of Bit
ter Creek Shearing Shed, Bitter
Creek, Mont.
more than one-half of the sheep are
found mostly on ranges. The fine
wool sheep are 43 per cent of all sheep
In that group of states, a loss of 7
In the percentage in ten years; the
crossbred sheep are 22 per cent, a loss
of 2y2 ; and these losses have gone to
the mutton sheep, which are 32 per
cent of all sheep, a gain of nearly ten
In the same number of years.
The greatest advance in this move
ment has been made in the North At
lantic states, in which farmers' mar
kets are near and the people have an
active taste for mutton and lamb. In
these states G2 per cent of the sheep
are of the mutton bloods, a gain of 20
iti the percentage in ten years; only
17 per cent are fine-wool sheep, a loss
of 17; and 21 per cent are crossbreeds,'
a loss of 3.
The least change in percentages has
occurred in the South Atlantic states,
where the mutton sheep were former
ly a high fraction and are now 08 per
cent of nil sheep in that region, a gain
of 2V2 in ten years; the crossbreeds
are 24 per cent, or about the same as
ten years ago, while in all other groups
of states they have relatively dimin
ished ; and the fine-wool sheep are only
7 per cent, a loss of nearly 3 during
the period.
At the present time the South Atlan
tic states have the lowest fraction of
fine-wool sheep, 7 per cent, and the
North Atlantic states are next with
17 per cent; the highest fraction, 4G
per cent, is in the Western and Tacific
group, and next below are the South
Central states with 30 per cent.
Mutton sheep are as high as OS per
cent of the sheep in the South Atlantic
and West North Central states, arid as
low as 32 per cent in the Western and
Pacific states, and 44 per cent in the ,
South Central.
Ohio is by far the leading sheep
state outside of the Western and Pa
cific group, and has 3,000,000 sheep,
about one-half of which are now mut
ton bloods, while ten years ago the
fraction was nearly two-fifths.
CURE SCRATCHES IN HORSES
Trouble Is Caused by Mud, Wet op
Filth Clean Affected Part and
Apply Poultice.
Scratches in hrses are caused by
mod, wet or filth. Clean the affected
part, clip the hair close to the skin
and put on a bread and milk poultice
for 12 hours. A second poultice ap
plied for another 12 hours will do no
harm. Then wash the skin, wipe It
dry and remove all scabs. Paint the
cracks with tincture of iodine fo!t
three days, then discontinue and use
the vaseline. Do not wet the parts
if avoidable. Keep the stable clean
and dry and apply vaseline to the
scratches twice a day when the ani
mal Is worked.
Top Price for Lambs.
Packers will not pay the tcp price
for lambs, no difference how fat, If
they weigh over 80 pounds. The rea
son is because the best cuts of meat
can be obtained from the smaller carcass.
4 r. I
; $s$$r .,wlm,M,mm f v r - im
I f n; - 1 !
The Pulp Left After the Juice Has Been Extracted May Be Made Into Pastes
and Sauces.
WOMEN COOK AND
CAN WITH SIRUPS
I Plan to Make Fruit Juices, But
ters and Pastes Without
Use of Sugar.
Many of fruits are mm
Over-Sweetening of Tea and Coffee Is
One of Our Greatest Faults Home
Demonstration Agents Use
Substitutes in Recipes.
Instead of letting the sugar short
age bother her, the resourceful house
wife is bending all efforts to learn the
best ways of using less sugar in her
cooking and preserving and of can
ning without it or with sugar substi
tutes. She is drying many of the
fruits ; she is learning to put up fruit
Juices and butters and to make sirups
at home from sugar beets, quinces and
apples. She is substituting corn sirup,
molasses, maple sirup, and honey for
sugar in her canning and general cook
ing, and she is making sugarless can
dies, fruit pastes and confections. Bul
letins telling how to carry out these
methods may be had free on applica
tion to the United States department
of agriculture.
Sugar saving not only means cutting
down on consumption, but it also
means preventing waste. Americans
have allowed their fondness for sugar
to increase to the point where it lias
passed extravagance and become ac
tual waste. Over-sweetening of tea
and coffee is one of our great faults.
More than this, too often a good part
of the sugar is not dissolved and is
left in the bottom of the cup to be
thrown away. Every housewife should
enforce the rule of "one teaspoonful
to the cupful or none at all." The
children as well as the grownups must
be willing to do without some of the
sweet things they want and every one
must be satisfied with much smaller
amounts of sweetening in general
cooking.
Serve fresh fruits without sugar in
stead of sweet puddings ; have salads
often in place of desserts ; use sweet
dried fruits like dates, raisins or fi.'
with the breakfast cereals, or a little
sirup in place of sugar. Use cake
sparingly and make it from recipes
that call for molasses or sirups in
stead of frosting spread it with a
little jam, fruit butter, or paste.
Canning Without Sugar.
Fruits canned without sugar keep
perfectly but will not have the fine
1 color and flavor which they would
j have if packed in sirup. They are very
good, however, wnen usea in suiaus,
desserts, pie fillings, ices and In fruit
punches. Fruit juices take no fiigar
and their uses are just as varied dur
ing the winter months as are the
' fruits put up unsweetened
In this
way, the juices are kept available for
jelly-making at a future time when
sugar may be more plentiful.
Many home demonstration agents
have already substituted sirups suc
cessfully for sugar in their recipes for
canning and preserving. Very satis
factory results may be secured If when
one pound of sugar is called for In a
recipe two-thirds of a pound of corn
sirup Is used and one-third of a pound
of sugar. Where sorghum and cane
sirups are used without first clarify
ing the sirups the product will be
darker. These sirups, also, impart a
flavor which destroys the natural fruit
flavor, so the addition of spices to the
recipes is sometimes advisable. Honey
has been used successfully with cher
ries and peaches; In such cases the
amount of liquid called for In the
sirup Is reduced one-quarter cupful
for each cupful of honey.
The following are some of the best
recipes used by the agents;
Blackberry Jam.
3 pounds crushed blackberries.
?i pound New Orleans molasses or sor
ghum. ?i pound sugar.
Cook all together, stirring carefully
until it gives a good jelly test. Pack
hot into hot jars and seal.
Peach Jam.
2 pounds peaches,
'.a cupful peach juice.
13 teaspoonful allspice.
1 cupful corn sirup.
1 cupful sugar.
2 tcaspoonfuls broken stick cinnamon.
1 teaspoonful cloves.
1 Inch ginger root.
Tie spices in cheesecloth bag and
cook all together until bright and clear.
Pack hot into hot jars and seal at
once.
Apple Pulp and Corn Sirup.
Take one quart of apple pulp, from
which the Juice has been extracted for
jelly making, and cook it with one cup
ful of corn sirup until the mass
brightens. Pack while hot in hot jars
and seal at once.
Grape Paste.
Add one cupful of corn sirup to two
cupfuls of grape pulp from which juice
has been extracted for jelly making.
Cook together until the muss is rath
er dry, then turn out on an oiled sur
face and place where a current of air
will pass over it. Dry for two or three
days. Cut into squares or roll and slice.
Puck in glass jars, tin boxes or paraffin-covered
containers.
Apple paste may be made in the
same way.
Left-Over Cereals.
Remnants of cereal breakfast foods
may often be utilized to make pala
table dishes, to thicken soups or other
foods, and in similar ways. Small
quantities of cooked cereal left over
from a meal can be molded in cups
and reheated tor later use by setting
the cups in boiling water. Another
way to economize cereal mushes is to
add hot water to any mush left over
so as to make it very thin. It can
then easily be added to a new supply.
The practice of frying the left-overs of
boiled hominy or of cornmeal mush
is as eld as the settlement of this
country, and the nursery song about
the "bag pudding the queen did make"
from King Arjhur's barley meal shows
us that for centuries other cereal pud
dings have -been treated In the same
way. In oatmeal oysters, left-over
cereal is dipped in eggs and crumbs
and fried. Left-over rice and other
cm reals are commonly used in cro
quettes and puddings.
Fruits for Children.
Fruits should be served in soms
form to children at least once a day.
Fruit juices and the pulp of cooked
fruit, buked apples and pears, and
stewed prunes are safest. Whether
the skins should be given depends part
ly on the age and health of the child
and partly on the way the fruit Is pre
pared. If the skins are very tender,
they are not likely to cause trouble,
except with very young children.
When apples and pears ure baked the
skins can be made tender by frequent
basting.
J WHY SUGAR IS SHORT.
There is a greater shortage of
both the sugar-cane and sugar
beet crops than was expected
in the early part of the season.
At no time since the beginning
of the war has there been a nor
mal output of sugar because of
the devastation of foreign sugar
beet fields. There has been a
serious loss of sugar at sea due
to the submarine warfare. The
government requires a generous
supply to meet the needs of the
men in the service.
GET LARGE-PRODUCING COWS
Purebred Bull and Only Best Heifers
From Best Cows Should Be Chosen
for the Dairy Herd.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of AgT.'culture.)
Breeding furnishes the most econom
ical way to obtain lurge-producing
cows. The purebred bull, with genera-
l tions of high-producing ancestors back
of him, must te used for breeding, and
only the best heifers from the best
cows should be chosen to be the dams
of the next generation. Pure breed
ing alone does not mrfke a good sire.
The purebred sire should come from a
long line of high-producing ancestors.
If an old bull is selected he should have
high-producing daughters. Two courses
are open to the dairyman when buy
ing a herd bull; he can purchase a
young bull from a good, milk-producing
stock, or he can purchase an old and
tried bull. In either case the bull
should be healthy and from a herd
free from disease; he should have a
good constitution and be of good con
formation. In selecting a young bull
The Tried and Proven Bull Is the Best
Investment.
the buyer should choose one whose fe
male ancestors have uniformly high
records of production, since this Indi
cates that high production is a fixed
characteristic of the family. Careful
attention should be given to the record
of the young bull's dam, and after that
to the daughters of his sire. The rec
ords of closely related animals are
of far more importance than the fact
that the pedigree may Include, three or
four generations back, some excep
tionally high-priced animals.
The tried and proven bull is the best
Investment. When a bull's daugh
ters are larger producers than their
dams, he has improved the herd. Many
good bulls, however, are sacrificed be
fore their worth can be determined,
which means the continual , use of
young bulls whose real value is not
known. The sire should be kept un
til his daughters have shown his worth,
and if he is a herd improver he should
be kept in the community as long as
he is useful.
The owner of a large herd of cows
can well afford to own a first-class
bull, and the bull association has now
made it possible for the owner of a
small herd to own a share In a good,
well-bre'' bull. A co-operative bull as
sociation is a farmers' organization
whose chief purpose is the joint own
ership, use and exchange of high-class,
pure-bred bulls. If skillfully man
aged these associations should be event
ually the greatest single factor in the
upbuilding of our dairy herds. The
typical co-operative bull association Is
composed of from 15 to 30 farmers.
It jointly owns five bulls, and divides
Its territory Into five breeding blocks,
to each of which one bull is assigned.
As many as 50 or 60 cows may belong
to the farmers In each block, and the
bnll should be kept at some farm con
veniently situated. The blocks are
numbered from one to five and to pre
vent inbreeding each bull Is moved to
the next block every two years. If all
the bulls live and If all are kept un
til each has made one complete circuit,
no new bulls need be purchased for
ten years. In that way, paying only
a small part of the purchase price of
one bull, each member of the associa
tion has the use of good, purebred bulls
for many years. In one association
having more than 100 members the
original cost to each was only $23. In
another association of 50 members the
average Investment was $25. It is
possible for each association to con
tinue for ten years or more without
other additional coft than the main
tenance of the bulls.
Most of the milk in the United
States is produced in small herds con
taining four or five cows. Purebred
bulls are comparatively few in num
ber, and expensive. It Is, therefore,
impossible for each dairyman with a
small herd to own a purebred bull. Be
cause of the expense It would also be
impracticable to buy such a bull for a
small herd. It would further be un
economical to limit the use of a good
bull to a few cows, when his use could
be extended to a greater number of
cows. If purebred bulls could be used
in all the grade herds, in a single gen
eratlon all the offspring would be at
least half purebred and would show
immense improvement. By means of
the bull r ssociatlons It Is possible for
small herds to have the advantage of
good purebred bulls at the minimum of
post.
'Every Picture
Tells aStory"
Help That Weak Back !
IN THESE trying times the utmost effort of every man and
every woman is necessary. But the man or woman who
is handicapped with weak kidneys finds a good day's work
impossible, and any work a burden. Lame, achy back; daily
headaches, dizzy spells, urinary irregularities and that "all-worn-out"
feeling are constant sources of distress and should
have prompt attention.
Don't delay! Neglected kidney weakness too often leads
to gravel, dropsy or Bright's disease. Begin using Doan's
Kidney Pills today. They have brought thousands of kidney
sufferers back to health. They should help you.
Personal Reports of Real Cases
A NORTH CAROLINA CASE.
T. M. Chrlstenbury, 905 Frank
lin St., Monroe, N. C, says: "Kid
ney trouble bothered me for
years. My back was weak and
painful and I could hardly stand.
When I bent over it was hard to
straighten and my kidneys acted
too freely and mornings I was
sore and lame. My system was
full of uric acid and I kept get
ting worse. Hearing of Doan's
Kidney Pills I gave them a trial
and the first box helped me. I
kept on using them and my kid
neys were put In good shape
again."
Scan's
60c a Box at All Stores. Foster-Milburn Co., Buffalo, N.Y. Mfg. Chem.
WjKifiiEiiinrEil
UV (nLiLlKine
Clever Mr. Smith.
The Smiths were at dinner. "I told
Murray that we might drop in on them
this evening," remarked Mr. Smith.
"Oil, pshaw !" exclaimed Mrs. Smith,
impatiently. "Yon know I don't want
to visit those Murrays, and I can't un
derstand why you do."
"I don't," replied the husbaud. "I
told him that so that we might stay at
home without fear of having them
drop In on us."
Why Bald So Young?
Dandruff and dry scalp usually the
cause and Cuticura the remedy. Rub
the Ointment into scalp. Follow with
hot shampoo of Cuticura Soap. For
free sample address, "Cuticura, Dept.
X, Boston. At druggists and by mail.
Soap 25, Ointment 25 and 50. Adv.
The Reason.
"I visited the insane asylum to
day." "What for?"
"To see a friend off." Boston Eve
ning Transcript.
Bahy's Second Summer
QROVH'8 BAB BOW KL MKDIOINH will correct
the Stomich and Bowel Troubles and It Is abso
lutely harmless. Can be given to Infants with
perfect safety. See directions on the bottle.
Girls, don't seek husbands go after
the bachelors.
IIISIZBIBIEBI
Tender Delicjate Sliced Beef
THE tender delicacy of Libby's
Sliced Dried Beef will surprise
you. The care with which
choice meat is selected, the skill
with which it is prepared, give
it the exceptionally fine flavor.
Its uniform slices will please you,
too. Order Libby's Sliced
Dried Beef today.
Libby, McNeill Lib by, Chicago
A SOUTH CAROLINA CASE.
Mrs. A. T. Bullard, 104 Robeson
St., Bennettsvllle, S. C, says: "I
was In misery for years from kid
ney trouble. I had terrible pains
In my back and it felt as If my
back were broken. My nerves
were a wreck and often I thought
I would go frantic. I had dizzy
spells and lost weight. When a
friend recommended Doan's Kid
ney Pills I used them and before
long the swellings started to go
down. I used three boxes and
was cured and I haven't been
troubled since."
KIDNEY
PILLS
SOLD FOR 60 YEARS
For MALARIA,
CHILLS and
FEVER
Also a Fine General
Strengthening Tonic
SOLO BT ALL D1UC STORES-
No Consideration Whatever.
"Is your husband fond of music?"
"No."
"Rut who practices on the trombone
at your Iiouj?"
"My husband. If he had any regard
for music he would not permit him
self to assassinate so many perfectly
good tunes."
A woman may be in doubt on many
things, but she is always sure that her
husband is underpaid.
mm
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