) TRANSYLVANIA "OPPORTUNITIES EMPIRE" NATURAL RESOURCES FOR LOCATING INDUSTRIES
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EXPONENT OF TRAN
SYLVANIA COUNTY.
THE LOCAL NEWS
An dependent Weekly.
VOLUME XXVIII
BREVARD, N. C.
FRIDAY, MAY 4, 1923
NUMBER 13
MAKES CERTAIN OF SAFETY
Elephant Can Be "Relied On to Be
Sure He Is Walking on
Firm Structure.
)to test tne stability of a bridge or
other kind of structure there is no
delicate instrument or measuring ap
parwpis which can compare in exact
ness with the sound judgment of Jum
bo. Owing to his weight an elephant
has to think twice before trusting him
self to anything that is not perfectly
steady and secure. This circumstance
has developed in him a mysterious
extra sense by which he can tell in
stinctively whether he is treading on
safe ground or not. In a recent case
of u newly erected garage lloor, doubt
of Its strength arose in the mind of
the owner, although the architect
maintained that the floor was quite
Bnfe. To- make trial of Its firmness,
five elephants were borrowed from a
traveling menagerie, and led into the
Ciirage. If there had been, the least
unsoundness or Haw in construction
the animals would have bolted in a
panic the moment their forefeet
touched the floor. However without
the least hesitation, the first elephant
av Iked forward, followed boldly by his
four 'companions. The combined
weight upon the floor amounted to
nearly 28 tons. The owner was satis
fled and the architect vindicated.
WOULD " NOT BREAK CIRCLE
Not One in Caterpillar Chain Had Ini
tiative Enough to Break Away
From Endless Procession.
f-
Fnbre, "The Insect's Homer," re
lates, in one of his books, an interest
ing experiment he made with certain
caterpillars called "proeessionaries,"
because of their habit of following one
another nose to tail in a long un
broken profession, apparently without
aim ir objective. except that of the one
which happens to lead.
Fnbro plaeod a complete clrc'a? of
caterpillars upon the narrow led;e of a
moulding around the circumference of
an earthenware jar. There was no
leader; each one had his bead to the
tail of the one in front. And they
marched in solemn parade around the
endless traek fur SI hours, ainj appar
ently only a chance marching saved
the in from literally marching them
selves tit death. No single one of the
insects fnd suti!fi"TiT Initiative in all
those hours to leave the procession, to
crawl off the ledge and to branch out
for himself.
First Use cf Envelops?. '
Tbe first envelope of which tbere
knowledge, inclosed a letter
11 to Sir James Ogilvie. The
imiv vni:i mi. ii rai.nsii auan a 01
state, and, with its covering, is care
fully preserved in the British museum.
At that period, mid hng afterward, it
was l he genera' custom to fold letters
and seal them with wafers of wax.
Early in the last century envelopes
began ' to come into mere general ust
and stumped adhesive envelopes
achieved wide popularity in Englani
shortly after tlie establishment of the
penny posts in IS'O, and by ISoO were
largely used on this side of the Atlan
tic. The first machine for the marrn
faeture of envelopes was patented In
1844 by (leorge 'Wilson, an Engjishiusn,
and improvements were made the fol
lowing year by Warren De La E7i
and E. Hill.
Sensible Laws Regarding Food.
Among Hindoos, where the house
hold cooking is not entirely performed
by the mistress of the house (it is tl
sacred duty and privilege of a wife U
prepare and serve her husband's food)
a Brahman cook may lie employee
even by a man of low caste, but ir
such u case, no member of the house
hob dare defile the kitchen by enter
ing it. The Brahman, moreover, wil
bathe before preparing each meal. Al.
food is freshly prepared, and nothinp
Is served a second time. In all sucl
rules as these there are strong ram
parts against contamination a pro
tection from disease and the manj
deaths that pursue unwise physien:
habits. The laws regarding food
though set forth In severely religious
formulae, are a form of science gov
erning health and economics. Asis
Magazly
K
As Others Saw Him.
An old negro from the southern rant'
districts had gone to the city seeking
employment. Everywhere he went
references were asked for. Finally lit
gave the names of former employers
and in due time returned for a de
cision. Some of the letters were reac
to him, in which he was praised verj
highly and his work and loyalty great
ly lauded. The old man's eyes operiet
wide with surprise arfd pleasure a:
he remarked :
"Well, I deelair, if I bad 'a 'known :
was such a good niggah as (bit, I sin
would 'a got mo' pay." Everybody')
Magazine.
IS THERE WARMTH IN SMOKE?
Matter Over Which There Seems to
Be F'ossibiiity for Considerable
Difference of Opinion.
It sounds rather unreasonable and,
anyway, we would rather be colder
and see the sunshine. We refer to the
fancied discovery by a suburban New
Yorker that coal smoke makes the
city warmer. He writes: "Several
towns on the south side of Long Is
land have noticed a greater discrep
ancy In the weather this winter than
ever before. Instead of vaVying three
or four or five degrees from the New
York city temperature, it Is noted
that there Is a variation of ten or
fifteen degrees. That is, it is warmer
in New York by that much. Is it pos
sible that the use of soft coal, with
smoke hanging like a blanket over
the city, has a tendency to make it less
cold?"
It would take a long and precise se
ries of experiments to prove this;
and there would still be the possibil
ity thut the higher temperature might
be due to other causes. We know
that the city is hotter in the summer
than the country, but that Is due to
the reflection from the pavements and
superheated walls of buildings.
If the "smoke pall" keeps out the
greater atmospheric frostiness, it
would possibly be explained on the
same lines that a smoke smudge pro
tects peach and orange orchards from
, northern blasts in early spring.
Cities live under a more or less per
petual smudge. The "smudge pots"
I are always going; but if we could
' have our pure air from heaven strained
of smoke and the sun-rays fulling noon
us instead of the soot, we should cheer
fully accept zero instead of ten degrees
above.
NO AVAILABLE WOOD SUPPLY
Investigation Chows That Umicd
States Cannot Rely on Foreis
Importations of Lumber.
A unique and exhaustive rompiV.nion.
of the forest resources of th world
has been completed by the Forest serv
ice. Cniied States 1 ep:irtment of Ag
riculture. This reveals, among other
things, that so far as our groa.t struc
tural and all-purpose woods ! he soft
woods are com-ernod we ns-ust be
come seli'-sutiic :d or go without. If
ail life available Siberian timber were
ptrt at the undisputed call of the I'ni
b'd StaK's the .early cpot would
hardly supply :m.--foun h of our an
nual timber needs. There js an im
mense reservoir 7f hardwire ds in the
tropics which can be used for, limited
and special purposes, and. secured at
mahogany prices. I'm the struggle for
the world's supply of suft -woods will
bwome more and more irtense, and
those nations vill fare bet that pru
dent Iy use their suitably waste lands
for growing coniferous woods. This
study shatters the dream o: those who
rely on importing the timber we need
when our own is gone.
Standards of Measure.
For most of (is the knowledge that
a meter is .'.37 inches longer than a
yard Ls quite suiiiebmt. We must
know as much as that, because the
metric system of measure is so widely
employed that one constantly finds it
necessary to turn meters into feet or
yards. But the ref!noiL!e1.s of modern
science demand a far iiigher degree of
accuracy in measurement than is per
haps ever dreamed of in the ordinary
walks of life. The pi. ins taken to ob
tain precise standards of measure are
almost beyond belief of one who is not
familiar with scientific methods.
Every one knows Jirrit so-called
"standard" bars, on whioii the exact
length of the yard and tl? meter are
marked, are in the possession of the
governments of the United States,
Great Britain, France and other coun
tries, but every one does not know
with what care these standards have
been compared and with wlmt patience
they have been minutely measured
again and again. Washington Star.
Should Grow Timber.
The national lumber shipment in
1920 was about 2,070,000 carloads, and
the average haul for each carload 48o
miles. According to the best estimate
of the forest service, United States
Department of Agriculture, the freight
bill on lumber for that year was $25
000,000. A fraction of this sum, says
the forest service, wisely invested each
year in forest protection and rehabili
tation would grow timber where it
Is needed, reduce the nation's freight
bill, cheapen lumber, and rejease vast
amounts of railroad equipment and la
for for unavoidable transport. Coal
and Iron cannot be grown, but timber
can be.
Peanut Crop Worth While.
The value of the peanut crop in 1922
Is estimated at $29,222,000 by the
United States Department of Agricul
ture. I.i 1021 the value was estimated
at $33,097,000 and in 1920 at $44,2oG,-
f 000.
Sanity, Soundness and Fundamental Nature of
Co-operative Marketing
By C. C. MORGAN, American Cotton Growers' Exchange.
It seems to me that the recent council of co-operatiws at "Wash
ington undoubtedly accomplished a great deal both for the co-operative
marketing movement itself and from the standpoint of bringing to the
attention of ofiic-ial Washington the entire sanity, soundness and funda
mental nature of the movement.
It demonstrated the clarity of 'mind, the vision and the devotion o
big men from every part of the country to the cause of co-operation,
after having hem convinced by intelligent and careful consideration that
the farmer himself, under oflicicnt leadership, can by co-operation solve
most of his economic problems.
It showed the faith of these men in the fundamental institutions cf
America and their intention to place the farmer, through proper co-operative
organization, in position to fit in with the established business
groups and to co-operate with them as well as each other. It demon
strated that the businesslike fanners and their leaders are asking not
subsidies and special favors, but simply that agricultural producers as,
business-men and the business organizations of agricultural producers be
accorded th? same business standing and the same basis of financing as
other forms 0f business. And this basis is turnover.
Intellectual Manufacturing Institutions Dealing
With Human Material
By DEAN OTIS E. HAND
Our colleges are in a s. use great intellectual manufacturim:!; instiiu
tions. "We deal with very ljrecii.us human material which conies to us
from all parts of thevorld and which varies widely in quality. Out of this
material we r.re expected o produce human maehi !;?.? which shall stand
the htghot tests and wliivh shall eXieiently meet the complex ami eve r increasing-
demands of the world about us.
1 h'. human material does not cume to us in :i's original fim. hut is
subjected to a great variety of bran-l onning or ln.dMing processes he fore it
is hrotvjht to that
.ago where we can
Material v;i litis t
'he
rm
alitv
t:r
the quality of our ".in'sln product,
utvii the tver.tmem which it litis
iul'ucnce ;f the ccil:j.re.
li' the trrvat 1
eane
in tl
le mda
uch ;: or-. rel'ttl study of the
KTia!
eh cnts rs into th ir material
the !' v-ciitionn-! world, show ;nv le.-s
of the malerial upon which we are to
our -out put is si) oepenoent !
Large Groups of Foreign-Speaking Peoples
Whose Assimilation Is Slow
By TIEV. DR. D. D. FORSYTLT,
The iriost stubborn
ernes is xno presence ot iarire ami
..i , i i
peoples T.hise as:milatin lias been p-w. 1 mniijr rants haw not been
evenly distributed through our ouvntrv. Seventy-two per en!- are in our
eilies. JSvrtne cities are almost solidly freigrn .-polking" and :viera rem
li&n's of "the normal population are left.
In erihers great colonies have been &?volop( d. know n as Tattle Italics
md Little Polaada, where the ideals a:i-d standards (if the Old World are
prevalent.
These "people are crowding- into our vhoo!p. collet's and tf.uiversities
is great a inn hers. They are in every fielc of commercial and pvof.'ssional
life. They co;istiivto the great body ..f American toilers. Tivcv are to
make up in a very large way our eitizensVip. yet they are outside, the pale
and outside the influence of the institutk-n that has meant nwt to our
country, namely, the Christian church.
While a surprisingly large per cent of these people is not Protectant, a
large per cent is iit Catholic and not Jewish. They have broken with
everv faith.
We Must Not Forget Some Credit Is Due to Him
Who Lives for His Country
By JUSTICE F. E. THOMPSON, Illinois Supreme Court.
In contrast to the men of learning and vision and high principle of
the early rears of our national life we now tind infesting tlu halls of
" " .... ,, ... , , . .
congress and polluting other high places, counterfeit patriots, demagogues
and hypocrites. In my opinion, the greatest menace to the continuance
of popular government is this particular variety of varmint. lie is the
curse of both political parties and is found in every department of our :
government, local, state and national.
e . .
There is just one remedy for this evil, and that is that every citizen
become a politician. We have too rnanv political slackers in thin country,
, . ... . , , ' , , ... , . v .'
too many voters suhenng ironi dry rot. e hear too olten of the Individ-
ual who is successful in his private business, but who is too busy to give
anv time to the business of the government.
It is glorious to die for one's country and all praises to .bim whr
makes the supreme sacrifice. But in our praise for the dead we must not
, , , vx t i ir r - 4. tt i
forget that some credit is due him who lives ior his country. Unless more
.J
people begin to live for their country they will soon have none for which
to die.
ALL, in New York ITevaM.
pro tit a My begin cur work r.r;n it.
:!.'. which, has so much to do with.
depend
arL?iv, if not
received bef.re it is brought v
e.er ti. e
have found
ncce-s.ir
nature ar;d the quality of the raw m
nrudr.-1 ion. should we. as lead'-s i..
dni.-i r:i than thev al-'vai the t j ; a 1 i t v
work :,:nd upou which the quaJit v of
1M. E. Home Missions BultJ.
ami critical -ituaTion eon ft
nt ni
can
con - rested irn up. t loreicr.
i
peak in
Brea,!:kvn Caused It
Cr. account of a brca'.:-dowr
in the Linotype we arc unabk
to print any local n: . thfc
week. A new part has been
ordered and is cxp.cted to ar
rive in icvv dnyr, w-v'ch vill
replace the broken part, and
the News wiil appear cn time
in m'v.ch better shape than
heretofore.
BEAUTIFUL IN ITS RUINS
Historic Melrose Abbey Has Been
Praised by Every Visiting Stu
dent of Architecture.
Melrose abbey was a beautiful ab
bey now in ruins on the hank of the
River Tweed, Scotland, 40 miles south
west of Edinburgh. It was founded by j
David I (112-1-1153) for the Cistercian
monks in 1130, and became the mother
church of the order in that country.
After being twice damaged by the Eng
lish, it was rebuilt in a style of in
creased magnificence between
the
years 1"22 and 1505, but was again
devastated by the English under the j
earl of Hertford, in 15-15, and was
totally ruined daring the Scotch refer- j
niation. Since that time no attempt j
at restoration has ben made, and the
ruins have :-erved us n uuarry for the
neighboring tow:, ( Me!.-:,se,
T!h
main
ruined chr.
all
re-
lt the present day. It is great-
ly admired for the beauty of its architecture-,
Which belongs to the Second
Poinled style. Melrose abbey !s the
burial-place of Miciacl S -o;t. the Wiz
ard of the Lady; Alexander II, and
Johanna, his queen; William Douglas,
the "Dark Knight." ami the second
abbot, St. Wultheof. The heart of
Robert r,n:ce is said to be buried be
fore the high r.lrar.
FUBUC SCHOOL IN AMERICA
Deeinning of Institution Can Clearly
e Traced to the Commonwealth
cf MaGsE.chucctts.
Early attempts to provide elementary
ptmoiuior. w re made hi Virginia, and
ny lie- Dutch in New York, but Massa
chr.seii s must be looked to for the be
P'noi'g of -he American public school.
j In it',:;r, a town meeting of the people
-f Boston requested I'h'lMUOIl I'Uf-
i rnont oi become schoolmaster, and
Mweii iuiif .. acres .it ina-i in part pay
'. l.U si rviee-. The school begun by
'Jr. Purmoiu later became the Boston
Latin school, arid h-i. had a -on;inu- us
existence. her colonies fsOVwe.l in
Boston"; steps, ami the next ten years
S)iW V(li!!lillil
.I
hools established in a.l!
t?u- ::ew i:::g!and s ttien.ents. In 1G47
the e-ier.-i! -..urr of M;!':?,K'!:;ic:! or
dered every town of ." families to se
lect w teacher, wlmse s.-.lary was to be
paid, by the parents of the cluldren be
taught or by the inhabitants in gt-n-er:it.
At the same time towiis'hips lmv
ing -one hundred families were entered
to establish a grammar school to fit
youth for cubage. The law establish
ing tiiese two grades of schools laid
the foundation of the American public
school svstem.
The Idyl.
The idyl Is sometime-: distinguished
from other poems by the fact that it
presents a picture; it is always dis
tinguished from the major types of
poetry by the fact that it presents the
qualities of one or another of them,
In a reduced and exquisitely delicate
replica. Such pastorals as the Book
of Ituth, Spenser's Shepherd's Calen
dar, and all the rural idvls of Theoc
ritus are liitle paintings, like th" genre
pictures of the Dutch school. The
idyl may deal also v.ith domestic, or
social, even heroic, themes. The first
kind is we!! rt presented by the Hebrew
Book of Tobit or Burn's Cotter's Sat
urday Night. The social idyl may be
of city or of court; it has been culti
vated4wit.h great success by the Creeks
and the French. The heroic kind is
represented by the Book of Esther and
by Tennyson's Idylls of tjie King. The
I(,-V"s .(1. the Kln ar in a
rose-window; each episode atmos-
phere. scenes, images, and words i
stained with translucent color. C. M.
GaIo. g j
" !
ri,lAme'1 f 2'3 0ldcst Ccal- Mines"
The oldest coal mines In America
are those in the bituminous fields
ne:"' KI''fl. Va. In anthracite
coal was discovered in Rhode Island,
anf1( nvo vt..,rs jat(11. Slq-tiors f- '-n
Connecticut discovered anthracite in
the "j-omlnpr valley of Pennsylvania.
The rich beds of the Schuylkill were
discovered in 1770. Five years inter:
tlie ?"veniInei,t of I'ennsylvania floated;
co:1' down the Susquehanna to Harris-
,.,. T,
nuig, tiien kmun as Harris Perry,!
and hauled it by wagon to the a'r- j
sena! at Car!! -.Jo for use in the manu-,
faeture of am: r. m' ion.
LAND YET TO BE E(?L(IRED
Brazil Has More Wholly Unknown
Tcriitory Than Has the Entir
African Continent.
Just as the most remarkable devel
opment of the Nineteenth century took,
place in North America, so the most
wonderful developments of the Twenti
eth century are destined to take place
in Latin America, Samuel G. Inmioi
writer, in Current History. Here is
room for the overcrowded populations
of the world; here is power to pro
duce the food and ruw products for
the world; here is a great market
place for the manufactured goods of
the world, and finally in these coun
tries is found one of the most remark
able circles of intellectual leaders in
all civilization.
Beginning at the Rio Grande and
stretching on down through Mexico,
over Central America, beyond Panama,
through Colombia and Venezuela, Hits
Andean countries, Brazil, Chile, down
through the abounding plains of Argen
tina to the Straits of Magellan, is the
lurgest expanse of undeveloped fertile
land in the whole world. There is
more undiscovered territory in Brazil
than there is in the whole continent
of Africa. One state in that mighty
republic equals the area of Great
Britain, France, Germany, Austria and
Switzerland. If Argentina were as
densely populated as is the state if
New York and it is far more capable
of caring mr a dense population it
would have 225,O(.)0,o!hj instead of its
present population of 0,000,000. Ven
ezuela is net. considered one of the
largest republics, but it has three
times more territory than Japan, while
Japan has a population equal to that
Of all South America. Arguments
might have been made in.-the old days
against the dense population of some
of these lands because they are trop
ical, but mod'Tii science has overcome
the difficulties of the tropics for men.
The island of Santo Domingo is saiu
to be more capable of sustaining
dense population than any other similar-sized
territory in the world. Now
that the United Stales is severely re
stricting immigration, the overcrowded
populations of the nent ami or r.u
ropo v. ill very rapidly turn to tho
great fertile fields and friendly cij
unties of these Latin-American cou-.s
tries.
GIVE WARNING OF STORMS
Tides Said to Show When Unusual At
mospheric Disturbances May Be -Looked
For.
It has been shown, in the opinion
of certain scientists, that West India;,
hurricanes and other great storms
sea frequently produce a remarkable
effect upon the tides along neighbor
ing coasts.
When a tempest is approaching, oi
passing out on the ocean, the tides
are noticeably higher titan usual, as i.'
the water had been' driven in a vast
v.ave before the storm. The influence,
extends a great distance from the cy
clonic storm center, so that the pos
sibility exists of foretelling the ap
proach of a dangerous hurricane l y
means of indications furnished by th,
tide gauges situated far away from the
place then occupied by the whirling
winds.
The fact thatthe tidal wave out
strips the adviHicing storm shows hew
e::treii!ely sensitive the surface of the
Fea is to the changes of pressure
brought to bear upon it by the necr
resting atmosphere.
To Keep Relic of Warship.
The captain's cabin of 1 1. M. S. Im
pregnable, one of the last of the dd
wooden warships, has, by a happy de
cision, not been broken up. Instead,
it has been erected in the basement '
a Westminster store and was opened
as :i wireb-ss demonstration room by
Admiral Sir PI. T'reci.ia.ntle. The cab-n,
complete in every detail, is fitted with
the original brass lamps, both oil ami
candle. Outside one of the-portholes
Is a moving picture of what would be
seen if the ship was anchored off
Gibraltar at night. This moves up
and down and represents the roll of
the ship, while at the same time the
swish of an artificial wave is heard.
The Impregnable was built and
launched at I'emhro'ke in 1800, and
about ISOt) she served under Admiral
Preemantle at Plymouth. Loudon
Times.
Wiped Out the Gophers.
As a prize for the township killing
the largest number of gophers. Linden
township -won purebred Holsteln bull
given by Cavalier county (North Da
kota) in its 1922 gopher campaign, ac
cording to reports to the United States
Department of Agriculture. Tlie go
phers were well cleaned up, saving the
county 410,000 bushels of grain on
a conservative estimate, and every
farmer in Linden township has the
privilege of breeding to the bull for a
small fee charged to help defray tlie
expense of keeping him. The prize
promises to be of much benefit to tlie
dairy industry of tlie township.