The A. B. C.'s Of Soils
And Proper Fertilizers
(By C. C. YONGUE)
Pear Mr. Editor:
As- you were so kind as to? print
a piece for me a week or so ago, I
believe I'll try you on another short
piece. It is possible that I nmy
write a piece once in a while. That
being the case, guess I had better
get some system to it by taking a
definite subject. Of course my sub
ject will always be farming but will
try and confine myself to some par
ticular branch.
This time my subject will be soils
and fertilizers ? ? what you might call
the A. B. C'a of the farming game.
Ever since the Lord, while making
a little inspection in the Garden of
Eden and found old Adam in some
devilment and put him to work, man
has been dependent on the soil for
his living.
On down through the ages, man
has tilled the soil for his daily
bread, not knowing or caring any
thing about the ground he worked,
for there was plenty of it. When
he got the best of a piece of ground,
mostly by letting it was haway, he
would just move over a little and
plant a new piece. It is only re
cently that he has begun to study
it . to make it produce more crops ?f
a better grade with as little work
as possible. Notwithstanding the
fact that we are all absolutely de
pendent on it for our existence, it
Has never been studied by the scien
tist or the farmer as the manufac
uror studies his business.
i .if the last few years the p. ople
ic largo are studying the soil as
tiyver before.
Only last summer there was held
in ??ashinKton the first International
Congress of soil science. This meet
ing was attended by several hundred
pvw|.lv- arm thirty-odd countries were
i'i'i)resente<l, which shows that this
r?
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i
? goes a long 'way to / rit'iii
t -
V
vivtias ||
,v!u)h, v.? rl<{ .s interested!]
..i a belter -knowledge .of tin- soil. {I
.v.lui) a tour i has made- a
partial, and soniciiinoti a complete
failure of a crop through ignorance |
of the soil. '1 lie making of any crop j
is the joint effort of the farmer and i
the soil, so you see' how essential it
is that we Know the soil. It is often |
the ease thai a held or possibly ? (
whole farm will be out of lime and ,
the farmer be at 'a loss to know 1
what is wrong. Send for the Farm i
Agent lie will advise you and if
he doesn't know, will send a sample I
of the soil to Knlcigh and have it i
analyzed; this tells .you what to do. |
I believe a farmer ought to have |
j each lictd he has analyzed to see
what they are short on, then he will j
know what kind of fertiliser to \lso >
to correct the trouble. 10 very far
mer knows that sandy land and clay :
land has to Ik* treated different. Of !
course, just as different kinds of land (
' ?ceils different treatment, different j
itoih- iHvd different fertilize). You
' t.oufd surely not use the same fertil
' i"?r under corn that you would un
'iic- beans. Why? I?'arm Agents
wnl explain this to you in a minute.
Some crops, of course, need prae- 1
lically the same fertiliser. Potatoes '
and onions can be fertilized from ,
th. same bag. Still you would not!
usj this fertilizer under beans. Why?
'Farm Agent will tell you.
Brother Farmer, the bast friend !
I you have on the farm is clover and !
i soybeans, either of which can be
j grown very successfully here, with,
in some eases, the use of ground
lirite. You get your farm full of
(clover and lime and the demonstrat
ion can tell you in a minute what
kind of fertilizer to use for each (
crop. 1 would rather have one good
; heavy clover stubble turned under
j than have half dozen little old dried
up frost ki'.J.'d rye stubble. You,
often hear some farmers say they J
! are afraid to turn a green stubble
for fear it will sour the ground. It
I have often turned heavy clover in
| May as thick as est hair and made
? r. dandy garden with it, but believe ;
nv> 1 thoroughly mixed it with the
soil. j
I The mineral matter of the son
I contains lots of plant food but it
! is practically insoluble, and well it :
l is, or it would have all been washed
I away and bleached out of the soil
ilong ago. It is our job to make this
plant food available by adding or- ;
ganic matter of almost any Kind, ?
some better than others of course. :
One ton of oak leaves is worth con
siderable more than a ton of rye
stubble. In fact forest leaves are
pretty good fertilizer. Any organic
matter "serves to conserve moisture
makes the land light and pliable so
that plant roots can spread out and ;
ijet the benefit of a wider range. So
you see it will pay to put any kind
of organic matter on the soil, the ,
more the better. When once there, j
do your best to keep it there. There,
is a constant drain on the fertility
of the soil all the time. Every rain
gets a little of it if it washes a bit. j
Every plant that grows on it get
some of it if it is taken off. All the 1
fertilizing elements it took to raise !
> riant, remains in the plant when (
it is taken off the ground. The larger!
the crop the more plant food is '
taken off. So you see it is the na- '
.ural tendency of the land to be
come. poorer and poorer. So for ev
svy pound you take off you must put
on? back in some form, and to im
prove the soil put back more than
you take off.
There are thousands and thousands
of dollars thrown away cvtry year by
the farmers who don't know their
soil nor the needs of the crops they
plant. If a farmer would only take
the time and trouble to experiment
pome himself, he would soon find out
just what to use.
Suppose we try this when you
start to plant a crop ? on the first
four rows don't use any fertilizer
at all; on the next four use 200 lbs.
per acre of 16 percent acid; next
four rows use 400 lbs. same ; next
four rows 600 lbs. the same; next
four rows 200 lbs. 8-2-2; next four
rows 400 lbs. 8-2-2; next four rows
600 lbs. 8-2-2; next twelve rows use
in the same way 8-4-4; next four
tows 10-0-4. If you will take the
trouble to do this it won't cost you
much, then you will have some idea
after counting the cost of the differ
ent grades of fertilizer, then weigh
ing or measuring the crop pretty
well, what to do from then on in
that field and with that crop.
My experience is that with just '
little fertilizer I generally get just
a little crop. I generally use from
six to fourteen hundred pounds per
acre of the high grade, all at oik
inplication .then a top dressing of
Xitrates later on to crops that need
^t. One bag of high grade contains
more plant food than two bags of
low grade and cost a little less and
vou save the expense of handling
the extra bag.
Stable manure is of course the best
fertilizer of all. but it is not worth
<s?L (S& S)
t
HIS POOR. FEUOW
QUITS" FOREVER EVRV
TUESDAY A>JD FRIDAY
or'rV"
PRESENT PAGEANT
AT THE INSTITUTE
Students of Brevard Institute).
:) resented a Christmas pageant of
unusual interest and impreasiveness | f
Sunday night in the Institute chapel ft
lit. tii? regular Kpworth League hour. "
Alioul 20 of the students participat- J _
cd in the program.
The pageant portrayed the Christ- 1
mas story in song and pantomime, |
and was most effective thru . I
and well rendered by the vai <<>?".* I
ones' taking pait. Include. 1 in the ?
characters represented wei" th i
Shepherds, the \S ise Alen, the Virgin
Mary with the liaby Je^us lying ?'
the manger, all appropriately drtsse?l
in costume, depicting in a vivid
manner the age-old story of the
birth of Jesus, and its meaning to 1
tile present-day world at this C'lui t-j
mas time. The story was i"urti:v>'
. j!iI by a chorus of jotmg jv.rls. !
dressed in white robes and wturin;. |
tinsel headbands, who march. d i
pairs down the chapel aisles, singing
the Christmas carols, and formed ill |
a group on the stage, singing at in- j
tcj vals during the program the songs ;
pertaining to the Nativity.
A vocal duet "Gesu Bambino" by j
n.-ar so much when used alone as -',l '
i.- when the right kind of fertilizer J
is used with it. Stable manure and j
acid phosphate mixed is hard to beat
for ordinary crops.
I want to see every lTTtlo ff.rnier
in this county interested in trucking
and poultry and the big ones in i
cattle, hogs and sheep. We have all :
got to live and pay tax here, raise ;
and educate our children, so let us !
get busy and find out how to do real
farming and get at it. Nature lias
favored us with this garden spot of
the country to do all these things, [
and if we hang around and don't j
do it the day will come when an out- j
sider will see the advantages we have,
conio in, buy our lands, and show j
us how to make thrifty paying farms
and happy consented families and i
tell us to get to ? ? out of here, i
Look in Sunday's Citizen and see
what the farmers of our sister j
county, Jackson, are doing with j
cows sheep and chickens. They have ;
awakened up over there. If you will \
take the trouble to look it up you ;
will find that there are between four j
and five hundred dogs in this county .
and between seven and eight hun
dred sheep. ? Quit farming and gone |
to coon hunting.
Will tell you soon just the exact
figures on my chickens for the past
four years.
NOTICE
This is to notify that. I, R. J. Car-1
land, have dissolved partnership with !
J. J. Sullivan and J. F. Carland in ~
the contract of chestnut wood on
\V. A. Baynard's land. ,1
R. J. CARLAND. p Dl-8-15-22 <
rs. ? winton and ftltss Uarthcloitiew
.is highly enjoyed.
The pageant was directed l?y .Miss
unions and Airs. J\ F. \V niton, of
ic Institute music department.
10 dramatization scenes being or-'
iltnl by Mrs. Winton.
Quite a delegation of youn^ folks
oin the League of the lirevard
ethodist church was in attendance
t, this service, at the invitation of
le Institute Leaguers.
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