Newspapers / Brevard News (Brevard, N.C.) / Sept. 10, 1931, edition 1 / Page 5
Part of Brevard News (Brevard, N.C.) / About this page
This page has errors
The date, title, or page description is wrong
This page has harmful content
This page contains sensitive or offensive material
? v 111 f- ,71 ,\,"v v TREATMWRATHER THAN PRISON SHOULD 4 BE GIVENTHE CfflLD Correction of Defect* Would Save Many Children for Use ful Lives In Service to Com munity. 1i. JUDGE CARL B. HVATT IN FORCEFUL ADDRESS Discusses the Matiy Phases of Child Life ai}d Juvenile Prob ^4mj That Can Be. Solved By Right Thinking. ?; (From The AtsfievilU Banner) (With aproachinb Winter, its hard ships, and temptations, with atten tion of the populace cbiiired upon scnoots and coilrtp, educational ana ? legal problems and procedures, tne address delivered recently oy Judge ' Carl B. Hyatt, of the ^Juvenile court, j is most timely, and should be given . serious study by all thinking men ? mid women of this city. Sunday is a good day on which to study the child. The Banner promises you an interest ing hour if you will but read and 1 study the following article.) By JUDGE CARL B. HYATT 1 A little child was once asked what f ?was the definition of memory. After a moment's hesitation he replied that ( memory was the thing you forget t with. We are all more or less chil dren in this respect. Our memories t are the things we forget with, and p most especially are our memories de ceptive in relation to the past. j There is an element in human na- v ture which we would not dismiss if a we coltld. and that is the tendency to tl ?wrap a beautiful memory around the 3 laws, ethics, institutions, incidents. tl and conditions of the past. Most all n of us idealize such and as the years c increase, we grow more sensitive to a the contrast between yesterday and jj today. n Upon the canvas of the past we it paint a beautiful picture. There are 110 days like the old days. There are* t( 110 standards like the standards of 01 years gone by. The swiftly moving a pace of the present generation is an- 1-: ticipatcd out of conformity with the J surefooted movement of yesterday. li But from a dreamy, retrospective tl attitude we turn to another picture, and that is the picture of the won- a derful present. This is an age, as 3t someone describes, in which the pres- ti ent generation discovered progress a; and harnessed it upon reluctant hu- ri inanity, dragging a thousand years ir ot' growth into a few decades. The tc forces of nature have been conquered '1 for man's benefit. The thundering S uf trains and the network of high- ai ways have made us into one great ti intevdependency. The telephone, the telegraph and the radio "have" brought n, into contact the most widely separat- a] ed peoples and places. The sky it- ,(] self has fallen victim to man' ingen- ^ uity. The thousand results of mod- ... ern science and invention have nat urall.v upset the established order of cj things. Never in the history of the ^ world has youth felt the tingle of life T at such a vast number of points. al This is a rapidly changing world. Barriers are broken down, standards ];, are cast aside, modes of living are disturbed, and a bewildering situa- V( tion is produced. No longer can indi- nl vidua! conduct be seen or solved in relation to the past, but must be K diagnosed in connection with present a] causes and present social movements. ai Modern progress, rightly or wrongly, jr has certainly emancipated youth. Life is a complex of human re- h lationships and the problem which i0 comprehends all other human prob- c| iems is the product of living together f( in harmony, in happiness and in mu- t| tual helpfulness. In our midst are t, the old and the young, the rich and t, the poor, the vigorous and the feeble, the white and the black, the good and the bad. the intelligent and the men- V, tally defective. v Universal social control directing n this complexity of human relation- a ships can be brought about among a these unequal folk and in unequal u places only by the development of a rules and regulations of individual e application, and a technique recog- s nizing these human ditferences. e The new conception of socialized r education or social engineering in the a educational field very aply illustrates the situation relating to what should s t COME IN FOLKS 65c 85c 59c Mothers Best Flour 24 lbs Wichita's Best Flour 24 lbs . . . . . Tiger Flour, 24 lbs . Bouquet Flour, self rising, 24 lbs 59c Lard, 8 lbs 85c Fresh Corn Meal bu. 85c 1-lfc our Best Coffee FREE with each $5.00 you spend with- us REMEMBER ? VSS Poultry Feeds: the best on earth to make Hens lay and Roosters crow. H, GARREN Telephone 4.08 L. Main St. Brevard ? v. . v ?be the social attitude of the juvenile court. The educational system is unde niably linked up with* the social or ganization, and a failure in the 80 ciil organization can in a very large measure be traceable to a failure in the educational system. Education, until recently, dejved into the lore of the past, with little or no application 'o the future, or even the present, *ind with little or no sympathetic ap preciation of biological or other dif-. ferences. Compulsory education was written into the statute books, which brought all sorts, classes and conditions of people into the classroom. This neces sitated another adjustment, an ad justment adequate to train the indi vidual for his particular place in life for which his peculiar intelli gence or other capabilities fitted him Consequently, thus far, much of our educational effort has been wasted and misdirected. A knowledge of hu man differences, and that knowledge is obtainable today, reveals an aston ishing number that are poorly ad justed, and will so remain, and ul timately become wards of the state jnless the state's educational system expands to the point of incorporat- 1 ,ng within its folds an understand ng of human differences and direct ng those differences along the line >f their best endeavor. If general education is applicable 0 the general group, then the human ?ace itself is a lie. Yet, we are be itowing a general education upon in lividuals incapable of understanding >r using it, and wondering why the uobleni child is still in our midst, i Selective or separative processes in he elementary schools rather than in he higher educational systems must onie into existence in order to solve his problem. When our elementary ( aucation becomes selective in char cter, sifting and classifying its stu ients, not only the low intelligence ^ .?ill be discovered and dealt with in , way producing the maximum sum j otal of happiness for both individual nd the community, but such a sys- , im will discover latent capacity and atural gifts among many who are apable of doing big things in life _ nd yet fall by the wayside because ! hey cannot fit into a system. We j lust emphasize the beginning, which | : in our elementary education. Standardization is to a large ex- s :nt eliminating individually, or as 1 ne authority puts it, "the mechanic- } I. standardized system has out- I miked the school in importance." [ass education does not educate for J fe. It becomes more or less routine, ' lereby sterile and soul destroying. * Seemingly in many instances we f re becoming confused. Because 1 andardization and quantity produc- r on have succeeded in industry is no J rgument that it succeeds in the hu- * lan soul. The human soul is not an ^ idustry. It is not an inanimate, ma- s irialistic object, subject to the same ? Magic properties" used in industry. oeial agencies can present thous- s lids of cases that are sad victims of 11 le standardized system. But some schools and educator are aking a practical protest. They re not only measuring the mental id physical health of the child, ami loroughly diagnosing his needs, ' but fe fitting subjects to the child rath ? than the child to the subjects. A ' liid goes ahead or remains behind 1 accordance with his own ability. * he mass drag plays no part. Real ^ bility forges ahead, undelayed by le student whose mentality cannot , ?ep the pace. The educational system must di- ? Dree itself from the psychic state of iass production; it must recognize J t'-'ial differences, and blend its pro- [' ram to meet the same. The physic- . Ily and mentally sick are discover sle, and should be discovered early c i school life. Attitudes of life must j1 .? studied; all sorts of conflicts, in- f ibitions and stagnations should be ' icated and cleared up if possible in ? .lildhood. They should not be left 1 >r the passing years to disclose and c len come out of their hiding places ) vex, disturb and sometimes des- ' :oy. t The great majority of the malad- c asted can be adjusted and made ef- t iCtive in the scheme of society, pro- 1 ided the educational system recog- I izes its obligations to make such an r djustment. Clinical guidance can r nd should be secured in the larger I nits; much scientific gratis work is t vailable in the smaller. It is too i xpensive not to use the selective and * ifting process. Too much money and 1 rt'ort are being wasted and misdi- 1 eeted ; too little results are obtain- i ble. 1 The reasons for an emphasis on ( ocialized education is a growing be- '? ief that the educational system will r iltimately become the clearing house, ?' >r at least the consus taker for so ial problems. The machinery is al eady set up and not other single igency possesses the scope with vhich to classify or diagnose social iifficulty. I have briefly detailed the chang- ; ng conditions in the educational leld, because of the peculiar analogy j between these conditions and the sit- ; lation appearing in the field of the i juvenile court. Turning now from a consideration | Df the revolt in the educational sys- j tem, we find ourselves face to face with established rules of conduct in the legal system, established proced- j ure surrounding every side. Facts , and laws are uppermost. Court deal j with crime instead of persons. Causes 1 are sublimated to actions. Unbending rules of social conduct are opposing socially-minded attitudes. A boy stole seventeen dollars. Theft of the seventeen dollars was a proved fact; therefore, he was guilty of the crime of larceny and subject to a sentence. Crimes were what we were dealing with, and the law said what the punishment should be for a def inite crime. A few days later this boy pulled from his hip pocket a soiled page torn from a Sears-Roe bock catalogue upon which was a picture and an advertisement of ear phones. He stole the seventeen dol lars to buy something which would en able him to hear normally. An exam ination by the Health Department re pealed his hearing entirely gone in qne ?ar and viry deficient in the other. The department also stated that unless diseased tonsils were re moved at once, he would lose his hearing completely. They further re ported that if his tonsils had been removed five years previous, his bear ing would have been preserved in its normal state. The proximate or im- j mediate cause of the boy's appear ance before juvenile court was the larccrfy of seventeen dollars; tpe ul timate consideration was tonsils. J . ne law cried- out, "Judge this case on the basis of larceny," but the soc>al}y mihded attitude spoke in gentler terms and said, "Judge this case on the basis of larceny and health. Be ginning with the crime of larceny, we land in the field of health, reveal ing clearly the need of a super health organization both physical and mental, to be established, probably, in the school system, the most uni versal agency touching most nearly all the youth. This is simply an il lustration that the legal system is archaic, illogical, unscientific and entirely out of accord with the re cent economic and social change, ; and the latest findings in health, ? psychology and other fields. i Unfortunately the juvenile court is the child of the legal system. Ot ] course, at the time of its birth u ? would have been difficult to have found a better parent. However, its - parentage frequently produces false , psychologies or expectation. The law , of expectation is very dominate in | human nature. A child who is ta?- j en to a party expects ice cream and,) cake; he who" is taken to the juvenile , court expects a thirty days sentence. \ This false expectancy is a huge , stumbling block to an adequate and , , effective functioning on the part 01 , the juvenile courts. Agelong adher- j ence tfe court terms, definitions and ; coloring stand in the way of a propei relationship to the child. So much time is consumed by the court in dis- : sipating the traditional court at- 1 mosphere that procedure is greatly ; retarded and the ultimate results 0- - 1 g ;n vitiated. v; A boy was brought before an in- ci :erior court on a charge of larceny | > ind house-breaking, and since the o icts conformed to all the speeifica- j * ions of breaking and entry, he was j* >ound over to the superior court on t i felony charge. No antecedent his- * ory or other social facts were ad nitted in the case. The rigors of the ? aw observed the crime and not the 11 ndividual. However, a sympathetic!' udge of the superior court refered n he matter to the juvenile court. The n ormalitv of the law from the su- ; 1 lerior court brought in a charge ot i. arcenv and house-breaking. A com- K ,lete 'and full detailed report of t' orceable entry was given by the of icer. The larceny consisted of a cap iuster and seven marbles; but the; ocial investigator of the juvenile; ourt revealed a decidedly anti-social t< lackground coupled with a natuio jj tarved for play. The case was taken ; ip by the probation oficer with the _ ilavground and recreation associa ion, which organized marble tourn ments in the city schools. Some ^ ,-eeks later the afternoon paper car- . ied a picture on its front page of J(/ his? particular charge who not only ^ i'on the championship of his own chool, but was designated as the he marble championship of the city J chools, and by that victory entitled _ o participate in the National larble Tournament in Atlantic City. ^ through this participation in play, he boy found an oi'tlet for impulses i-hich 'had probably led him into de inquencv. The law says, "Judge tins- ^ ase on the basis of larceny and louse-breaking," but the attitude of lumanities, speaking through . c n. uvenile court, recognized that the annex of crime and play are not 'Mindly separate states of heiny ' .ml judges this case with reference o its social background and furthei :oes the facilities of the playground * n a constructive way for fuithei ^ haracter-building. y Society, not constitutions and laws, h 5 the substratum of government. In ^ he past we have required only one ^ bligation, and that is the obligation & 0 the law, not recognizing that laws lave been imperfect, laws are im- ti ierfect, and laws will be imperfect, g) lot recognizing that laws of necessity C( nust be largely the result of the ^ >ast crystallized in the rules of ac- g. ion governing the present, and that a n a rapidly changing society they ? ire not sufficiently elastic to meet q ;he needs of a different society. \Ve g iave failed in most instances to o ?ecognize the dual obligation; first, g ;he obligation that the individua u nves to law and government, ana v second, perhaps greater than the Eirst, the obligation is laid upon the ^ second proposition, we are dealing t with flesh and blood; therefore stero- , typed processes or standards will not ? work. When society, in any way, fails { in its obligation to the individual, ^ then there rests upon society a , solemn responsibility to put forth it- , best efforts to re-establish that in- m dividual. 1 1 The juvenile court is not an end, ; i but simply a means toward an end. j It should function largely as a clear ance house or only in marked crises, j It should understand, first, the child and the situation; and secondly, the agencies best suited for remaking ox that particular youth. It should func tion chiefly in establishing the rela tionship with the constructive agency that will give greatest promise of successful adjustment and develop ment; thus the juvenile court is. 1 most successful that understands | most fully and cooperates to the | greatest degree with all agencies get I up for the problem of readjustment. (Proper social engineering recognizes that great variety of situations also carries great variety of organiza tions. Just as standardized mass production will not. function in the school system, in the same propor tion standardized routine production will not function in the juvenile | court. We must strip our juvenile courts of all established customs that do not have a particular bearing on the immediate needs of the definite social beings which we are serving. It is a question in my mind whether we are not tending in the direction SMALL HOME OWNER1 RESPONDS TO PLAN OF MR. EHRINGHAUS ( Continued from page one ) home owner, Mr. Ehringhaus, in hi^! recent statement, said: "In his behalf I propose an amend ment to our Constitution which will giye to the Legislature the right to classify for such favorable considera tion as it may determine, owner-oper ated farms of small acres ? say 25 or | 50 acres ? and owner-occupied homes to the extent, say. Of the homestead value, with a proviso to prevent dup- \ lications in the same occupying house- , hold. Such an amendment? followed ? , by appropriate legislation which I , would urge ? w o u 1 d afford relief j where most needed, diminish farm . tenancy, encourage home ownership, ] help create a market for real estate j and check a tendency towards concen- , j tratios which all history has proven [ , dangerous." | , Mr. Ehringhaus said that, although h he favors a return to the quadriennial | < valuation of property for taxation, I ] this alone will not solve the problem j Facing the little man. But, coupled ' j with this plan for actual and direct ! ] *elief, it jvill help increase the num- 1 < >er of one and two-horse farmers who |j ive and do the work on such farms I j :hemselves, and will encourage the t .vage-earners and small salaried men t :o own the homes in which they live, j t rAX COLLECTIONS (j SHOW BIG INCREASE1 ! Raleigh, Sept. 9 ? North Carolina ! ;eneral fund collections for August i vere about two-thirds of a million lollars ahead of last August's col-jv ections, due almost entirely to seas- i a nal license and franchise tax col- !h ections, Commissioner of Revenue I a flaxwell reporting $2,099,319.73 for j p he past August and $1,365,133.91 for ' f Lugust, 1930. | a Automobile taxes showed an in- In rease of $211,826, or from $1,111,884 a (i August, 1930, to $1,323,711 la.-.t : ii LUgrust. The fjasoline tax increased early $200,000 over the slightly lore than $1,000,000 for August, 930, thus reflecting the increase in c: ix of one per cent. Gasoline sales by i p allons were about the same for the . d tvo Augusts. j ti ? 111 License To Wed P t 'TV License have been issued by Regis- ; * ;r of Deeds Galloway to the follow- ? lg couple : ! P' R. H. Hale to Percilla Wilson. jc* 1 01 f the ultimate abolition of the juve-!sj ile courts in their present setting^, nd the establishment of social read j jstments elsewhere. Perhaps we will n isenver that socialized education I in locate, diagnose and solve most ruble ins now appearing before the ivenile courts; that probational | 'affs or clinical guidance, at present 1 ? cognized as a part of the court, ) hi operate without a definite con- j cction with same. One authority has j mphasized the statement that .ninety |a; ercent of the case work now under ,ti ie supervision and directum of the ?, t) ourts can be as successfully dis - rr oscd of by other agencies. p At present, probably the establish- o; lent of a substitute for a juvenile |W mrt is idealistic; but is an accepted a rinciple that the juvenile court, can , a e strong only in the same propor- p on that it constructively coordinates 1? 11 the numerous activities brought e. lto being my human needs. It can- 0] ot give accurate expression to the . 5/ ie agency particularly adapted for it is maladjustment. A soution can- ' ot be brought about in any other ti ay. An organic connection is nec- p ssary to achieve this social end. t< Our zeal for courts and court ac- B vities frequently blinds us to the e: ubtle forces behind and beyond the it Durts. It so frequently makes it fi npossible for us to see and under- fi tand that the influences which make'e nd mar human happiness and ad- 1 ustments are really beyond the reach o f the law. The law is necessary a nd fundamental, but stripped of t utside agencies, it is effective only as n . policeman's club and is completely o inable to adjust itself to the indi- , idual needs and the finer shadings I if life. Unless there is a mutual lelpfulness between the court and ] he outside, there is little left for the ? s aw except physical force. But phy- ! t lical force on the part of the law can { >e reduced in the same proportion ;hat the responsibility is shifted to ] social agencies outside. The real ad- < /ance in social problems is made, not :hrough the courts, but through those i activities that readjust, create and train the individual. Cooperation is not only beautiful, but economical. Thus, no juvenile court can be a suc cess in itself. All it can do is to start the process of readjustment. There is an attitude which turns its gaze toward the sunset of the past rather than the sunrise of the fu ture. It worships ancient leaders and deifies them. It establishes institu tions, formulates law and procedure and then surrenders its soul to the formula. The individual is judged in relation to such an establishment. I would not be misunderstood. Jt is wonderful to worship the establish ment and wrap our memories around the happenings of yesterday; but the hiiman tide cries that we forsake the dead past and concern ourselves with the living present. Closing with the quotation: "Sun sets are beautiful, but they have in them the melancholy of things end ed. Sunrises are infinitely more beautiful, for they have in them the promise of a boundles hope. Turn your face, therefore, not to the sun set, but to the sunrising. It is the prospect, not the retrospect thaf should allure us; the day star, not the evening star." FEW NEW DEBTS ARE BEING CONTRACTED Raleigh, Sept. 9 ? Only $490,000 in new debts of cities, counties and other governmental units has been authorized by the Local Government Commission since it began operation March 18 of this year, with which period there is no other six months in many years to compare, Director Charles M. Johnson states, following the recent quarterly meeting of the board. The new debts authorized are con- ? Bidered absolutely essential. They in clude $230,000* in bonds for a new courthouse and jail in Haywood j county, the old ones having been con- J demned as unsafe and new ones or dered by the court; water and sewer bonds of $135,000, of which $35,000 was for Reidsville; $25,00 for Eliza beth City, and $75,000 for Winston Salem, all considered essential to the j health of these cities; and $125,000 in ( Chatham county school bonds, that I :ounty having built practically no ! new buildings in the recent building irgy, and requiring buildings now to house the school children. The commission has been liberal in ! allowing the units of government to refund indebtedness previously in- : lurred, thus creating no new debts, : and in order to allow payments over i ? longer period and beyond depressed j imes. Its policy, Mr. Johnson said, is hat no rfe .v debts, except those vital | :o the units, should be created, until | iome of the present debts have been >aid. )' P0R GOVERNORSHIP!; If Raleigh, Sept. 9 ? Allen J. Max- c irell, commissioner of revenue, has s nnounced, in so many words, that v e w:'!l be a candidate for the nomin- f tion for Governor in the Democratic i rimary in June, opposing R. T. 'ountain and J. C. B. Ehringhaus, f lready announced, and D. G. Brum- e litt, likely, afid Josephus Daniels v nd Willis Smith, possible candidates, C i the following statement for the ii ress : C "Please say that I expect to be a j e andidate for Governor in the Demo- ; n ratic primary next June, and will i e resent through the press next Sun- 1 ay an issue and a program that 1 1 rust may be deemed worthy of the | loughtful consideration of the peo- 1 le of the State." j?1 In his career as a public official, I [r. Maxwell has been clerk of the w enate, clerk and member of the Cor-.ci oration Commission, and is now ? jmmissioner of revenue, chairman ji F the State Board of Asessment and j f the Local Government Commis- ; on. His strong fort is information : i the taxation problems. 'OWNS AND CITIES MAY NOT DONATE Raleigh, Sept. 9 ? Municipalities! re not permitted to include contribu- ! ons to chambers of commerce in ? leir appropriations and budgets, but j iay, under the statutes, make ap ropriations for the support or aid ' f libraries, hospitals doing charity' ork, and other forms of charity, nd Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. nd other benevolent institutions, rovided they do charity and benevo :nt work in the city, Attorney Gen ral D. G. Brummitt holds in an pinion furnished Director Charles [. Johnson, of the Local Govern lent Commission. These are general provisions, not iking into consideration any special rovisions given to any particular )wn or city in its own charter, Mr. ! irummitt adds. He states that the xpenses of firemen to conventions ; light fairly come under the power of ; xing compensation to members of re departments and thus be eonsid red a part of such compensation. ' Municipalities may operate their wn charities and hospitals, or may id such work of other bodies, but hey cannot aid chambers of com merce without a vote of the majority : f qualified voters, he holds. Owen Reunion The large Owen family of this i ection will hold an Owen reunion at ! he Macedonia church Saturday, Sep- j ?ember 12. James F. Barrett, Editor of the Brevard News is to be the principal 1 speaker. '? COMMITTEE NEEDS GREATER RESPONSE IN ITS RELIEF WORK (Continued from page one) urged to join in tkis movement, and help in whatever way they can. One :itizen donated $25 in cash with - which to purchase cans. More cash donations are needid, for more cans ?re needed at once. Any one who is interested in the welfare of needy people, is urged to assist in making preparations now for the severe win ter soon to be here. The "committee believes that the method adopted of canning all the :orn, tomatoes, okra, and such vege tables as have food value, will pro ride great relief for the needy during ;he winter, and avert the necessity >f calling upon the community to nake cash contributions for food ater on. Families in town and coun ;y are urged to can something for ;his supply, and inform Mr. Kizer, Prof. Jones, or any minister in town, >r The Brevard News, so the dona ions may be properly listed. A lit ;Ie later on, after corn has been gathered and potatoes have been dog, he committee will expect many dona ions from the farmers. Those who lell potatoes are urged to bring the 'seconds" or culls," to the committee or use this winter. Potatoes too mall for sale as firsts are just as rood for the table as the better or arger potato, and these can be used 0 great advantage in feeding the loor this winter. A counts-wide committee is now ?ing organized, and will soon be nnounced. It is planned to have a nember of the relief committee in ach community, and this member an keep the central committee in ormed of the needs in each commun ty, and can also keep the central ommittee informed as to "profes ional" beggars, picking out the rorthy needy cases and lend assist nce in seeing that none go hungry 1 the county during the winter, C. C. Yongue, Mr. E. 0. Shipms:i or the Everett Farm, and a few oth rs have already been sending in egetables for canning purposes, ithers are urged to take an active iterest in the matter at once. Prof, lazener, Prof. Corbin, Superintend nt Jones, Mr. Kizer, or any of the linisters. will be glad to give what ver information needed. MAYOR'S COURT Only one case was tried in the [ayor's Court during the past week. Johnny B. Hanson, colored woman, as tried and found guilty of a large of disorderly conduct. She was mtenced to ten days x in the county til. C. of C. To Meet The Brevard Chamber of Com erce will meet Thursday night at o'clock in the Chamber of Com erce building. All members are rged to be present as some import it business matters are to be trans ited. CLOSED ON HOLIDAY Lewis Dept. Store will be closed all day SATURDAY SEPT. 12 That day being a Jewish Holiday ^ LEWIS . Department stoRc Hendersonville, N. C. 0 ON THE FARM -NOW Vacation visitors are gone. Crops are being harvested, stock is in j prime condition. On the farm ? NOW ? countless snapshot chances j await you. j Keep a Kodak handy. If you need a new one, stop , in and let us show you our moderate-priced models. j Any Kodak is easy to use and gives you good results < from the start. With the faster lenses you can take J pictures earlier and later in the day ? even when the J sun doesn't shine. t | We do quality finishing ? the kind you'll like. i Frank D. Clement, The Hallmark Jeweler ; CLEMSON THEATRE BUILDING j
Brevard News (Brevard, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Sept. 10, 1931, edition 1
5
Click "Submit" to request a review of this page. NCDHC staff will check .
0 / 75