i ... jr j Sav: Hang:: JSmall "Southern I.-:try .l Whole Act Into " , " ' , Its Const ' , y WILLI AM C WTLEV ' ' fnHE Immediate future of Indus I trial America and the entire i .V A' status of national , recovery hangs on the decision lb a light be- : tween a small town Industry and the Blue Eagle of the NBA. Down m a little Alabama town there la an old sawmill, not a very big sawmill, which hat been smok ing away in the monotonous drone of its buss-saw teeth, as they bit their way through logs of southern pine year after , year, singing a ringing song that even the natives ssrdly noticed above the murmur of the town's business, for toe sim ple reason that It was never any ;? different from the song of count less ther sawmills In the South, end Indeed in the entire nation. Only a ; few months ago, one might have Imagined William A. r Belcher, the proprietor, as v,he walked about his mill, superin tending the work of the handful of men who tolled and' sweat as ;' they guided the logs to their whin ing destruction. When it -was late In the day, one might Imagine the men, and Mr. Belcher, too, drawing themselves up to a momentary bait at the sound of a whistle In one of the town's few other industrial ' plants. '-. The men under that whistle quit earlier, worked less, although they were paid higher hourly wages. Their employers operated under Hie banner of the Blue Eagle ,. , Flew No Blue Eagle. I The Belcher employees returned to their Jobs at the screeching saw. Mr. Belcher flew no Blue Eagle. He couldn't afford It, Bis men were thankful that they had Jobs and were In sympathy with Mr. Belcher's stand, although they earned but 10 to IS cents an hour, while they would , have made 24 cents an hour under the NBA rode. They ate as long as Mr. Belcher could afford to let bis saws screech. Now that screech has so multi plied In volume and. has so height ened its pitch that fe of these not far distant days ltwbe heard from South to North, from East to West, throughout the land, For now Jt Is a screech of protest- and , the rul- ' tag on that protest Is to 'decide the entire future or the Blue Eagle that refused to approve It The case of the United States vs. ! Belcher in the Supreme court will - Jay open for discussion the vitals of the entire NBA experiment Openly Mr. Belchef and his mill has defied the NBA code. He has made so bones about the fact that be : paid his employees, on the aver- ' age, about half the code scale, and worked them as long as there was work- to do, despite the code's 40- 2. boor week for his type of worker, a The NBA';, and the authorities who enforce Its more than 700 ac cepted codes tried for half a year to induce Belcher to comorm to weir uicuues. jlboimuiiii i uwuS bins blm around, they, had him In. : dieted on six charges of code vio lation last spring. ' , In October he came up for trial In the' United States District court before Judge W. L Gruhb,. Birming ham's ! federal Judge, whose ' name A Little riant Like This tat . been news f requently during the last few mouths In connection with adverse decisions be has , ren dered on the TVA and , other , projects of the New Deaf Belcher ' defended ' bis : position . with the counter-charge that the whole' re covery 'act was unconstitutional. "He named four grounds In support of bis claim. The Judge lost little ' time In sustaining' these grounds and dismissing the Indictment T! - are the grounds upon . y hlcli Mr. Belcher bases his claims : 1. It is not within the power of t'm a to regulate Interstate and ,y i commerce, " ., 2. he NBA del.vnlea to the 1 iimt legislative, power exciti rranted to co'rrsa. J ' 9 NBA eir 'ips upon i of tte b s ?n'i.''y ;. r-; mmuiimmmWiAuni.mmKmMvmmnMimnmM I'n 'I iii,.iihhwih -l. a"1..- .;; i" .i.iwiwiiiu i. ; : W:Uh U.,.' i is sin tjsji'-'-f" ' ", T'-l'r-'i ir'tiffT'ii : -"iyv'ri""J"-'i - - mni - t ' ' i-rr f."1 ' i" Jrh ill Fi ; IiHA and TLrows Cuurt to Decide . 'illegality reserved to them by the Constitu tion. 1 '4. The NBA takes property with out due process of law. " ' , Offc-s" Perfect Test.,' ' - Bight here in a nutshell are prac tically, all of the constitutional ob jections that might be ralsed'agalnst the NBA, and. that is what makes the Belcher esse so perfect a test There are many other cases where one or two of the Individual counts mtght be called, but In this one they are all brought to the Judicial attention ofN the Supreme court at one time. It should be a case of life or death for the Blue Eagle.; ; Unusual In Itself Is the clear- cut, open and above-board manner In which the case comes to the nation's first Judicial body. It will Gen. Hugh Johnson and Marvin Melntyre Reading Messages Pledging . r , v Support to President's Program. . , ' determine with certain deflntteness the prime issues of the New Deal. It goes directly from the District court to the United States Supreme court, without even a hearing in a Circuit Court of Appeals, with that court's opinion, making one more target for the attack of op posing attorneys. Judge . Grubb's decision was' made without even a written opinion. The, only point of Issue Is the Constitution of the United , States. .V'' ' . ' , The NBA wUl, indeed, as Gen. Hugh S. Johnson put it, be "dead as the dodo," 1? the Belcher case stands up. ' If the codes of the act are not permitted to .control the minimum wages and the maximum working hours of those engaged in producing the articles of Interstate commerce, they will, be meaning less. They will become merely so 'much Impotent advice .to. Industry, not an enforceable and effective means of helping Industry to raise Itself out of tie doldrums. t " ' None of the points of the Belcher case have ever been determined with any finality before. Almost the whole reason for the NBA Is the alleged benefit to labor. : The ob servance of Its labor provisions are entirely dependent upon trade prac tice provision of codes.. : And this Menaces Future, of NBA. Is the heart of the' object of attack. The recent - oil decision Involved only a special phase of NBA. and although the court outlined proce dure to be adhered to by congress In clothing the President with more and more power, it did not decide whether or not the. NBA was con stitutional. ( . 1 ; The government's defense In the Belcher case ,; Will be ' carefully planned,, for several reasons,; al though of course Its detail will not be revealed until the argument be gins. v , - Future pf NRA. . . What is to become of the NRA will niottt likely be left to the end of the present session of coi!f;r":s; It may even be passed to t!,e ixt bv decld'na upon a coii"'"i- ' i of the' recovery set If, of ' . ft r y ia the Ne ;, t. . . be that tl ; iiB Is not .v i l: per- manen i can be' aw., . i j !, Jiod and t' . ;; i .-jy mads advlwti, , .. .' ' Ihe I; M bring out an en.,; - ' i unv vent the i v-or- onsly pu Ju S . .en and the Am . r La bor. The most l set ting around pre r ( j i ure as they present t i c- 'ant ly would be the i cf the NBA for one more j Il.e fact that It was conceived i m t.ner gency measure would make thai presumption hold water, " As the situation now lion, nelthei government officials jnor leaders of business and Industry know how to plan for the future. . June IS li not1 far off. .-Enforcement of. the codes, difficult enough at the pres ent time,' may become .Impossible If some definite continuance of the NBA or permanent dlssolvement of It Is sot accomplished. ; The Belcher case is not the only One involving the NBA which comes bp before the Supreme court closet Its spring term. There are several others, but tbey do not strike so definitely at the heart of the whole structure. ' ,, J,.'j((. '. ' Action 8sems Necessary.. Dissatisfaction of Industry with the codes of NBA has risen until of late the administration has seen the necessity of action upon the future of the recovery --program -as soon as possible. Publicity of articles by General Johnson and other fac tors have Impressed the Idea that public opinion 1ias placed the ad ministration as s abandoning ; the NBA. In contradiction of what might be called an undercurrent of public opinion, Donald B. Blch berg, the administrator of the NBA, has committed himself as In favor of Us continuation without altera tion, for the time being at least Object of some national attention Is the opinion of '.the 'American Liberty league as to the future of NBA. It agrees that NBA must be continued,, but -lays down -six "guiding principles" under whlcb the continuance must be adminis tered.,. They are: ' - ' ' X. Continuance of unusual execu tive authority should be only for a limited period, with ne attempt to enact permanent legislation now. 2. Congress should,, "guard seal odsly Its prerogative under our plan of government in which there are three co-ordinate branches, the leg islative, the executive and the Ju dicial." i ; 8 Undue encroachment Upon sov ereignty of the states should , be avoided. ' , . . , , 4. Self-government in -Industry should be the goal in prompting re covery. ' ', ' 1 , ' SV. . Bights of employers as "well as employees, should be preserved,' with hours and wages not "to im pose excessive burdens upon Indue- try. 1 V 1 r i . '- " 1 & Emergency legislation should not be a. vehicle for "experiment ation with untried theories." v "The American people are will. Ing - to .confer emergency powers upon ; the " Executive," says the league. "But they hesitate to write them into permanent laws. ".','"-. It was perhaps well, that the Ex ecutive bad a ' free band at the start"- ' fii Of the Impending Supreme court decisions, the Liberty league ren-' ders an opinion voiced by many or ganizations: "It would be a mis take to proceed- with permanent legislation -until the legal founda tions sre more firmly , established." Most of the situation In contro versy will be cleared up to a great extent with the settlement of the Belcher case. This case might never have come ' up were our Supreme court like ,that- of Canada, allowed by our Constitution to offer advis ory opinions about laws being en. acted. As It is, we have a law thai has been In force for well over.s yeari yet has been questioned by many as to the lrgltlmnry of Its birth. Yet until the I :klier case Is heard before the Supreme court, we will nt know whether or not the is'-en whom we have eiici- 1 to h ' " :'e for i vtp,, i ' ;-' r' t 1 i ' ' ' I'. J the ;xanrxL Irish dlstllk's ; Director Cho. , c.i ihol Control aa a he will not r - sabel r their wlu ' y f insist that tills U lmlnatlon, brout' t social and economic . io British embassy, half of the Scotch t" , -i . -' - ; between the Scotch illers for the Ameri is 'one of the queer ild occur probably no i i the world, because f'-e matter go back to Wiley, of pure : food !ent Taft's liberal in i ; versing Wiley n bis, Jukyt" argument, and still the 1 lstr& mlt : stra a r. about , ' "Wl, Tl and I ca i twls;a , where the to. , Dr. r fame, to terpre' Wliat T, tO !!' aiie U , f course Is that 'in the ordinary t 'jrotandlng of the words In rlca, Irish whisky is straight, i! , i Scotch whisky Is not But und i- the ruling of . Choate neither la tralght" ;- , ; . The oi, nry American under stands "sti ,. . tit" whisky to be liquor distilled fruit), a grain mash, un diluted by reutral spirits or any other "thinning" Ingredient Under this definition practically all .Scotch whisky sold in America, or in Eng. land for that matter, .Is a blend. It has mixed with the original .malt whisky neutral spirits, water, a lit tle sherry, and sometimes other In gredients. Further, whiskies of dif ferent, distilleries and of different years are frequently mixed , togeth er to produce- a certain flavor or quality. . ' i . This Is not actually an objection to one' who knows bis whisky. In fact until the Scotch began "blend ing" their whisky with neutral spir its, they were never able to sell it outside Scotland. It was a little too pungent for the English taste, for example. At a hearing before the royal commission, several years be fore the World war, it was testi fied that not a drop of straight Scotch had been sold commercially for yeann-ln fact not since . Just before 1865, .except once at a time of overproduction, when an attempt was made to sell some in England. Despite heavy advertising , and boosting, the English did not like the straight Scotch, and continued to buy the blended brand they were used to. , ' v 4-' . iV v ReaJ Salei Talk - '' " But in America, due to Doctor Wiley and to' prejudices built up during; prohibition against: the addi tion of alcohol, "cutting," etc., the word "straight" has come to be a very real selling argument ' " - The Irish distillers wanted to take advantage of this, and were doing so In their advertising in this country last spring ' and summer. Then came the ruling they could not label their whisky "straight" ' "Irish whisky Is not straight" Choate .insisted to the-' writer. "Every Irish distiller mixes prod acts of different years." e .' In Short, Irish whisky' could be called "a blend of straight whis kies" if the distillers ; so desired. But not "straight" - But meantime, due to some of the atrocious tasting "blends oi straignt whiskies" marketed. In America, a prejudice against this term had groxn up. In fact two big whisky concerns capitalized, that -and . by making blends of actually aged whisky with neutral spirits, with no new whisky, to ruin the taste, had run away with the market ToSetdaFeud s. Inside information' la that Presi dent Boosevelt will settle the feud Over stimulating exports between Cordon Hull, secretary of state, and George Peak, "special-adviser to the President," in favor of Hull . . This 'will ' break the log Jam which bas been, bogging down the reciprocal t' trade agreements on which Hull pinned so much hope. Hull has favored reciprocal trade vraatnanML Mttnlnlna the "mOBt fa vored nation" clause. Peak has fa vored direct barter agreements be tween governments. - - .. . T . . ... -t . J xnere is tun me nutuu iu vt an ending to the feud. Both men are determined and stubborn. Neith er la giving any sign whatsoever of 'yielding'. Peak still stands firmly for barter, with government con trol, virtually regimentation, t of both imports and exports. Hull still . stands strongly for the, reci procal ' trade "agreements, whlcb would give equal advantages to all foreign nations not discriminating against the United States, and for permitting trade to flow naturally, through normal channels, with no regimentation, quotas or other gov ernmental ' Interference. ; , Hope for a break In the deadlock lies In the fact that there are deft nlte Indications the President has made a decision though there has been no public statement, or even a private one, to that effect The differences betwe -n f a ft-o men have blocked a- b-.. a i f ting anywhere with . t : up to date Hull ! f f treaties, and Penk, ': t i of government iv- ' 1 i porters or. Imnoi I t i i - sl:;e of I ' C'il'iiS' of the i it evident v. r mmnt was b-.. t dlon tody Is t r :-,-e White Hon i ,.e tlie fact that it c f hi. if a million ba.. i t -.D cotton. Germany w- -small amount of. cash; and a amount of "registered" or "Vhh marks, f , ' It is on these blocked marks the trouble centers In this particu lar agreement But the trouble here is of the essence of the objections to the' whole barter plan. For it would .force trade, ' so to speak, along new and unnatural Channels, against not only Inertia but the ac tive opposition of . existing trade agencies. The point regarding the marks Is that there, is already a stupendous amount of these blocked marks on the market They can be used for only one purpose to buy German goods for export In the present instance this Is a se rious objection. There U a very real boycott against German goods,, especially on the part ' of , our de partment 1 stores, which for some time have handled a very large per centage of aU German imports. , So the blocked marks on the mar ket are selling at a very sharp dis count i Germany is deliberately en couraging this discount, figuring that: the profit which would accrue to anyone using them to buy Ger man; goods for; some other country will' eventually break through the deadlock; Purchase by the United States government, under the Peak agreement .now on the President's desk, of some forty million dollars' worth of blocked marks, in addi tion to those already for sale, would accentuate this, situation sharply. ' ' Foreign Trade ' -. " Illuminating the generally ,unes tlmated 1 value of foreign trade to American workers,' , computation that no less than 12,000,000 Amer icans last year were dependent on American ' exports 'has been -prepared by one of the experts work ing on the problem of how to get some activity In the apparently in active; negotiations for- more re ciprocal bade agreements. The -figure has amazed senators and members of the house. ' - "Starting off with the automotive Industry," this expert said, "there were some 860,000 cars, trucks and busses exported from America - In 1984, either direct from American plants or : for local assembly : in branch plants abroad. Each of these vehicles represents a minimum of 600 hours ; of 'labor, r that ' estimate growing out of an NBA study last year showing an average of 40 hours per automobile. " i ; "Fabrication of parts purchased from ' outside factories, the pro duction of basic raw materials and other processes are additional,, the total of which may be guessed as doubling the work done in, the au tomotive factories. 1 Adding' a mod-, est amount to Cover transportation, both during and after, fabrication, and such other .things, as sales force, executive supervisions, ac counting,, bank clearances,' etc., the estimate of BOO hours 'per automo bile la, If anything, highly conserva tive. , .. . by the 850,000 units exported .last year, we' have at least 176,000,000 hours of labor, which, at 85 hours a week, makes 6,000,000 weeks or 100,000 years. And bear. in. mind that this is direct labor. . y Overseas -Car Sates ' '.. "But this is only the beginning. Overseas sales of automotive prod ucts other than new cars and trucks are large, embracing parts, ' acces sories and garage equipment Jtspark plugs; storage batteries, tires, brake lining, gears, pistons, -rings,, valves. carburetors, etc.) -. required in ex panding volume to service the au tomobiles in ; current operation" In other countries. No practical meth od exists or estimating the labor time involved in such exports In 1934, but I would guess it as 20,000 years. Thus, we credit the export section of the automotive industry with having supplied an equivalent of 120,000 years of work Jto Amer ican workers In 1934. . "Automotive exports are a tenth Of our total trade, approximately. Assuming that' same average, we had 1,200,000 years of work last year involved in export trade. Tak ing five to the family, such trade directly provided tbe livelihood of 6,000,000 men, women and children In 1034. "But these" 6,000,000 did not put their wages and salaries Into a hole In the ground. Their income and wastes were spent for food, fuel. Shelter, transportation, amnaements, doctor bills, etc. We may sny that radiating out throi-,,1 all the rami fications of bu ' fr enob work- er r woi -., ire tl 1 - i"y e- a in 1 i :y t j. la Et 1 t ai oti.i.-r t i v- ' ". id rroci-ry stores, l -o- fin !, n'-.; ins; cii! i r- n, o j -ii ft '1 mn- I . y Hi ) " t r V j'Pd l ' -tlr-T t v or ' i . rf I ! I v and nn 1 1 i- .1 could ;! m 1 (,l f.fl f .'V- it no " "- rn aixi. 1 o.t I' a Imi- . . -roi" "it ent .i t machine e . . 1 , i -t at swjit s!i'( ; n of C i. "i, ev -r a-ictea American few -y .'! et ..a an an cient arqufjbi"!, aws.y fc .k li In that yer i - 1 fi C cplnln. founder of C's-c, warparty of Liir s a if :'' s agaiiist their eue ... ', ' - 'ii..,s of the Iroquois Com . . ..-y, 'ihey found them on the siiu 4 of the beautiful lake which now bears his name. 1 ' ' ' , . - Champlaln saw the Mohawks ge. ting ready to shoot their - arrows. He leveled his aqueous, which he had loaded with, four balls, and aimed straight at one of the three Mohawk chiefs In; the forefront of the enemy's line. As the gun roared, two of them dropped dead and the third was seriously wounded. . . Champlaln could not have real-, lzedv It then, but his was truly a "shot Of destiny." For this was the first contact of the Iroquois with the French and their hatred for these white men dated from that day. It made them allies of the English and In the long struggle between Eng land and France' for domination of North America, the aid of suck war riors, perhaps the most ferocious on the continent played a decisive part n favor of Great Britain. . , J ' ( ,. . , "ON TO RICHMOND r . EARLY, in June, 1861, the editorial column In. the New York Trlb- nne : declared "THB , aatxuxn s WAB CBT: Forward to Blchmondl Forward to Blchmondl The Rebel congress - must pot be allowed to meet there on tbe 20th of July. By that date .the place must be held by tbe National army.". ' 1 . Composed by Fits-Henry , Warren of the Tribune staff, It was run by order of Charles A. Dana, then man aging editor. But every one be lieved that Horace Greeley had Orig inated it , . ' ' Day after day it appeared. Soon the whole, North ad .taken up. the cry, "On to Blebmond I" By July the government could disregard it no longer. - . Gen. Irvln McDowell was ordered to advance with bis raw, untrained troops.' The result was tbe battle of Bull Run on July a 'when the Union forces were utterly routed with a loss of nearly 8,000 killed, wounded and missing,, i - The disaster was a terrible blow to the North. Greeley published a Signed statement disclaiming re sponsibility for the' defeat But he was blamed for It, nevertheless. His bitter enemy, James Gordon Bennett of the Herald, said that the Tribune editor should be tried for murder because he bad sent all those brave young boys to their death. Greeley was so overwhelmed by It all that he was orostrated for six weeks. with an attack of brain fever. Later he rose to belghts of edito rial influence perhaps never equaled by any other man. But by many- Americans he a stlu remembered as tbe editor Whose slogan precip itated a great disaster to our arms and to our pride, . " , T , ' A LITTLE MORE GRAPE rN FEBRUARY 23, 1847, Gen. Santa Anna's-Mexicans broke through the lines of Gen. Zachary Taylor's American army at Buena Vista and were about to cut off one flank. Then a little battery and a few Kentucky volunteers, command ed by ' Capts. William Tecumseh Sherman and Braxton Bragg, swung Into action. For a few precious mo ments they held np the Mexican ad vance. General Taylor, coming on to the field, saw what they were doing. Tanking off his old straw hat which he (the most nnmllltary of heroes) wore, he swung it over his bead and shouted J "Give 'em h 1, Captain Bragg I" A few hours later -"Santa Anna's hosts were, in retreat Soon the United States was ringing with the prniKPS of Gen.' Zachary Taylor, "The Hero of Buena Vista." The next year the Whigs selected Mm as their candidate for President They needed a good slogan for the can'jnS, 1 and-bin remark to Cap tuln lV provided it : ' ance" of language was con , ' .J very Important In that ( ,i -im:.:i era. True, Taylor was l mm a as "Old Bough and Ready" to his bo! Hers, but the Whigs wer abltduUotisabout the use of "h 1" In t!n"'r slogan. So t! e , r an in ' i is ei.'J"i h's r'iiis.i on t i ic or 'i n. They s a 1' ! i- ie pr.i!Hi" f ' J or , ii t : :t '1 bh ' i I Tioy r "cro1- " 1 .T.'V ..",1 EeS, SiOil;:-.h 1 . Well, s. 3Mir -if i'..ei ' tins, in a p-r-t K,..y c s, en acid lonanwit of t..t s Nothing wore. All you have to do is to n? a the excess stomach acidity. - " When you have one of i' ; ' 1 Stomas u uptcts, tuke I'lu., a' i of Mii,"nc,i pter meals and h going to bed. That's sill - ' f Try this. Soon youTIft'J 1' o another pe"ionI Take f '""r t o familiar liquid "PIULUPy t." convenient new I hillips' I" - of Magnesia Tau! ts. ALSO IN TAB! I V rOHMt Phillips' Milk o( Tib. , Iffts art now on p.e at mil d-- ' itores everywhere, t -chthiyU- t letiithen"ivrtiintMi f tewtwwHmii ot Cen- I uina tmmtm' AiK of ' . Magnesuu V PlHLLir3 ' .- ' Ail Cogs in Machine : No one is rich enough to do with out hit neighbor. v , ; ..... S if k.a.ar . J This is a test that tells you who the system needs a cathartic elt If you have constant 8luf ' .h s or bilious attacks, and laxuuves - to make things worse, it wouil Lo wise to try this: . ' Stop aU use of any laxative that , does not encourage variation from a "fixed dose" (which may be e- too large a dose for your indtvt i i need). Use instead, a liquid lax; ' ,iv that you can measure and re--;, t as to dose, As necessary to Ik ' take smaller doses, less and less o until the bowels are moving without f any help at aU. . Doctors use liquid laxatives, mi a properly prepared liquid laxative, containing natural laxative a '! s . like senna and cascara is a jny onil t a comfort; a real help in estubiisltnii; regularity. Ask your doctor euout thisl (Doctors use liquid hixatives.) ' You can-et Dr. "Caldwell's Svnp Pepsin, which is a most depend.iliO liquid laxative,' at any drug sloie. , blkiwi I tag i-.J v Spurs to Action " . Emotions are far, nearer to tbe springs of action 'than are thoughts. Vv t it f' . 1 h.us.d vmr s B) ra tie sat n...jva bv ;.' ';' Move, or Drop Out Life is like a poUepmi:i, Rlw! . murmuring, "Keep moving, pl - c: o c c Fe I .'OV

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