h.
v.
Y
The Beqinninq - fiocepthn of th& L
1 . Lgnainq In Mexico
,4
7h& End
Carlota
By ELMO SCOTT WATSON . .
ERR JOHANN STRAUSS of'
Vienna wag very busy compos
ing waltzes."
. So begins chapter one of a
. new book, ".Phantom crown
The Story of Maximilian and Carlota'of Mexico
written, by Bertlta Harding and published re
cently by ' the Bobbs-Merrill company. i
"8!e
1 ..v.'i '; HJ
Last Moments of Maximilian
LvTuiauss waltz. Dialed in the ro
mantle city on the Danube, la an appropriate
theme song for the main character in the drama
that Is , about to begin. Maximilian was like
that a dreamer, an Idealist, a man of extraordi
nary purity and simplicity bnt lacking utterly
the clear vision and the ability to deal with
.practical matters. - If . he had been otherwise,
ome North American history even a part of.
thai hiafnra nf tha nnitaii seatedmight have
been different - V i:-.fk::.: '''
I "Phantom Crown" is an appropriate title, too,
for the story of Maximilian and Carlota, who
made "the last grand, bewildered gesture of
royalty on the ., American continent" and "who
attempted a vislqnary conquest, which ended so
tragically for them both."' For the theme song
given to the Austrian archduke in the opening
chapter- of the Harding , book soon ' changed.
The notes of a Strauss wait were drowned
ont by the crackling of the flames of rebellion
and that sinister sound rose to a crescendo In
the crashing volley of rifle shots on the Hill of
Bella In Queretaro where he who would be e;
peror of Mexico died facing; e. firing aqnad. ,
Maximilian wore hi "phantom crown" only
threa vears. Carlota wore here for more than
fifty. Maximilian, facing death, declared "I die
( in a Just cause. I forgive all, and pray that
all may forgive me. May my Wood flow for
the rood of thla land. .Loni Uve Mexico tV in
his last few momenta on earth, he heard a
faithful subject salute him with "Hall Kmperor,
! farewell 1" Carlottt lived to beepme the "mad
empress," to linger on In the twilight of in
sanity, to cherish a delusion that she was still
a sovereign and to talk with the imaginary
members of an imaginary court
Who., then, can say which was the greater
trazedvi Maximilian's or Carlota'sT
Archduke Maximilian, the youngest brother
f Emneror Frans Joseph of Austria, was born
at Schonbrunn on July ft, 1832. In 1857 the talL
fnlr-halred. blue-eyed young archduke was mar-
rled to seventeen-year-old Princess Charlqtte
Marie Amelia Augustine Vlctolre Clementine
i LeoDoldlne. daughter Of King Leopold I of Bet-
glum. ..When Frans Joseph made the archduke
vimrov - of the i Austrian-ruled provinces s of
' .Venice and Lombardy In Italy, his bride changed
her name to Carlotta, the Itauau for Charlotte
1 After two years of. rule In the. Italian prov
inces, Maximilian was glad enough to retire to
the ease of private life in the splendid Chateau
Mlramar at Trieste;-' Meanwhile affairs across
,the Atlantic which were te affect the destiny of
the Austrian archduke - were rapidly taking
shape. Mexico' had thrown off the yoke of Spain
, but was troubled by the internal strife which
a WaptrizA that turbulent land for the
next century. Because of these unsettled, conm
tions European loans became so endangered that
In October, 1861; France. England and Spain
signed a Joint agreement to Intervene In Mexico
'in order to protect W investments ot tneir
citizens, u t 1 v " i i
' Other factors, nowever entered Into this de
' clsion-J-at least so far as France was concerned;
For France was ruled by Napoleon HI "Nopo-
,'leoa the Little,"? a master of intrude and po-
lltlcat scheming. Besides desiring to collect
the French debts la Mexico he was dreaming of a
jrrencb empire in America to save Catholicism, as
iwell as the Latin races, from being engulfed by
Ithe AngW-aaxon culture, irue, me jionnn vo"
itrlne had been a warning to the European na-
tlons to keep "hands off" in the New World, but
at this time the United States was In the throes
of a civil war and therefore In no condition to
back up that doctrine. Or at least Napoleon
thought that this was a good time to put its
strength to the test and England and Spain too
no doubt were willing enough to see it tested.
On December. 14, 1861 Vera Cms was occupied-
by Spanish roops ; soon afterwards the
French fleet arrived with a large force of sol
diers and Great Britain sent ships and landed
ever, that France was intending-to lutei-lexe in
domestic politics In Mexico, especially In regard
to the relations of church and state, beyond the
scope of the agreement Spain and Great Britain
withdrew their forces in March, 18S, leaving
France to so it alone. France thereupon in-.
creased the number of her troops by many thou
sands ahd set about to conquer Mexico.: ' w'.
The following spring her army besieged and
reduced Puebla and on June 7, 1863, entered
the city of Mexico.- A provisional government of
Mexicans was set up as the puppets of the
French and this temporary organisation voted
In favor of a monarchlal form of government
It wa Napoleon's idea to offer the crown to Arch
duke Maximilian of Austria; J But Maximilian,
enjoying his books and the life of a private gen
tleman at Mlramar, refused to accept ine nonor
and went off on a botanical expedition to Brazil.
Returning from Brazil ' be was approached
again. Napoleoja : was ; persistent The , giant
shadow of Bismarck, which loomed with an in
creasing menace-across the Prussian border, was
causing both France and Austria some concern
and the French emperor hoped that an alliance
With the House of Hapsburg might lessen that
menace. But Emperor Frans Joseph was sus
picions of this upstart: emperor In France and
he strongly advised hirorotner sgainsx navmg
anything to do with Napoleon's schemes.
But Carlotta was ambitious. She bad tasted
the dellnrhta of being a ruler, even though a
minor one. during the time heir husband had
been viceroy ot the Italian provinces.; She was
daisied, by the idea of being an empress.!: For
all her youth, she was a stronger Character man
her husband and she exerted en of net innu-
ence over him to get him to accept Napoleon's
offer. At last he yielded to her persuasion and,
after renouncing bis rights of succession to the
Austrian throne, accepted the title of emperor
of Mexico. On May 28, 1864, the new emperor
and empress arrived at Vera Cms and al
though their reception was not as ardent as they
might, have hoped for, yet they were warmly
welcomed "by the clergy and the military ele
ments which hoped, through the monarchy, to
regain some of the prestige ana tne property
they .bad ioBb'Wfi-:"''': ""
Prior to the establishment of the empire Mex
ico bad known two factions. ; One was the
liberals led by Benito Juarea, an Indian patnot
who bad been exiled by Santa Anna, the dictator,
and returning to Mexico after the fall of Santa
Anna, had succeeded to the presidency upon the
death of Jean Alvares and Id 1857 had promul
gated the great reform measures which' brought
about a complete severance ot church ana state.
When Maximilian was set upon the throne by
French troops, Juarea was again forced to flee,
but although be was again down he was far
from' out ' f "! ' V," 1
' The other party was the conservatives, or the
church party, to whom Maximilian owed bis
crown and It had the support of 'the military
the French troops, maintained there by Napoleon
and commanded by Marshal Basaine, who was
almost as much the ruler of Mexico as Maxi
milian was. ' I - 1 4
; As the Civil war drew' to a close, It became
apparent that the North was" sure to win. The
United States then would be able , to turn Its
attention to enforcing the Monroe Doctrine. Na
poleon saw the handwriting on the walL Ut
terly forgetful of all his promises to Maximilian,
he prepared to abandon him to his fate although
for some timS the French ruler kept up a pre
tense of supporting his puppet emperor across
the sea. Finally In 1800 in response to urgent
representations by the United. States, Napoleon
promised to withdraw his troops, from Mexico.
; In the meantime open revolt had sprang up in
Mexico 1 In October, 1865, Maximilian . had Issued-
a proclamation threatening death to all
who offered resistance to the governmenJU-R
was Aimed primarily at the bandits wf had
been ravaging the country. BurjAiTmperlalist
and French officers took aflviutrf. f the proc-1
lamatlon to executoV.many Liberals ; Who were
ALERT, t
rUeti tat dw '""'I
T '"'
T dMtror Um powr
Of xrmiiinl kingt, ei V ' t '
"A cloud by imr.
A pillar al On by aljlit." .
CM (U, Mom m kd
By faith tfenufb. dw nirflif mm :
WaDad by tba will al Cod.
Sa tha watara ft BM' oatouai
KoM back. ..
Lika tba cbJUraa af laraal, ;
fa fclth and tnart ,
FaDawa4 tfaaar ItaaW
T.
Innortal Waakfavtwl ' :
Taday fc wtlaa) -j wj'
01 tky ivhuttdfaat , .rf
Stfll folWa is thy botatapa
Wbda tba warld atasda at aalut ,
v
4 a
classed as brigands after their capture and this
strengthened the band of Juares in his revolt
against the usurper. It gained rapid headway and
MaTtmiiinn, realising at last that Napoleon could
not be trusted to support him, saw that tne ena
was almost in sight , x
For a Ions time be bad been blind to the fact
that be was an unwanted ruler in Mexico and'
that his reign was destined to failure: Even
blinder was his empress Carlota, (she had
chansed to the Mexican spelling of her name
upon becoming empress). , When he proposed to '
8o it was decided that She should go to Eu
rope for a personal appeal to Napoleon to abide
by bis promises of support and protection to
the lU-fated imperial venture.; Fatting to -"her
efforts to win such a promise from tha wily
Frenchman, Carlota went on to Borne to appeal
to 'the pope for aid. a " J ' i U
hi the Vatican she developed ber first traces
of insanity and so violent did she become that
it was necessary for her to spend the night
there. - Thus history; accords: her the honor of
being the only woman ever to remain overnight
In that historic building., . k t , l
Having failed utterly In her efforts to gain-
support in either Paris or Rome and With her
health and her mind falling.-Carlota was re
moved to her castle in her native Belgium. Mean
while back In Mexico events were drawing to
swift dose. In February, 1867,: after the depar
ture of the French trooDS. Maximilian withdrew
from Mexico City and went to. Queretaro where"
he assumed command of a small army. There he
was besieged by the revolutionists. He made a
last desperate effort to break through and escape
but he was betrayed, by a Colonel - Lopes and
taken priaontt.:V--5v:;;,s,C '''
A month later he was court maroaieu ana atter
a trial that was something ot W tarce ne was
sentenced to die. The end came for him on the
morning of June 19, 1867. The following
winter ; they brought hir body "to Vienna and
the Kapusinergruft another crypt of Capuchin
monks. A long line of Hapsburgs sinmoerea
here and he was laid quietly among them. . ... V
:And while he slept eternally, she
roamed through the corridors of A distant Bel
gian castle, as far removed from him as their
separate childhoods.- At times it was as if he had
never been.. . t ; Five empires ; crashed whBe
she sat in ber garden. if . Brooding in her arm
chair, she watched the sunset of five dynasties:
Bonaparte, Braganza, Romanov, Hapsburg. Ho-
hencollern.' Would there be a sunrise? , .
"Death came buletly on January 16, 1927,
Until that moment however, hers was an epic
hold on Ufe.; 8he knew herself to be a monu
ment to MaxlmiUan and while she lived she
Would not allow men to forget him; To all who
paid her formal visits she would whisper; ; Let
them1 remember ' the fair-haired stranger who
gave his life for the ambitions of that grasping,
unscrupulous Napoleon I Let them know that we
acted In good faith; and may God grant that our
memory1 be sad but 1 never hateful. . . ."
In Mexico they remember Carlota as "the Ill
fortuned Mexican Empress, who was an innocent
victim In the game of European polities. . . ,'
She will remain engraved upon our history lu
her goodness, her : noblllts and, above all, as
the most loving of women." The world remes
bers her and her emperor as "two royal wal
of chance" whose tragic misadventure ca, j
more tor pity than for blame, . -.
- . . . $ by Waataro Nawipajper Cnioa.
tt TASHINGTON was born in a
W house facing Popes creek, in
' Westmoreland : county,- , Vu.
glnla, but the house burned on De
cember 25, 1780. The old bomeslte
has been Included - in .the- George
Washington Birthplace National
monument and the house restored
between 1930 and 1932 on its orig
inal site. .
The old family burial " ground..)
containing the bodies . of hashing-'
L ton's father, grj4father and great-
grandfatjyris included on the 4UU
aYejaWvatlon. The George Wash-
I 1-Xn Birthplace National monu-
Mivm . ; ' " n
on United States route 1 and Vir
ginia State route . '
The Washington family nrst set-
tied at Wakefield in. 1665, a full
century before the Revolution, Cot
John : Washington, i great-grandfather
of the President had come to
Westmoreland, Vav in 1656. He
died and was buried there in 1676.
MaJ. Lawrence ' Washington and
MaJ. John Washington, bis sons,
succeeded him. -
'After their marriages the family
nred on separate , parts -of . the
Wakefield estate until the house In
which George Washington was born
burned. After that the Washing
tons continued In other houses on
the same land, and descendants still
live on part of the same Wakefield
estate continuous possession, in
whole or "part, for 264 yearseight
generations. : ; S,M & ' & tf ;i?-
'C WMhingtraV luangtiratlo. .
George ; Washington,, first Presi
dent-elect was administered the
oath of office by the. chancellor ot
tha state of New Tork, Robert R.
Livingston, while standing on the
balcony of the federal, hall tn New
Tork.V Following this ceremony he
Immediately repaired to the senate
chamber where be delivered his In
augural address to both houses of
congress In a voice, according to
Irving, "deep; slightly tremulous,
and so low as to demand dose at
tention of the listeners." ratnnna-
er Magazine. '
Speaking f
Ozar l'et.-r t!
:he Elglitef'iH i t
the best pattci 'i s lu fi
lrlck. Van Loon, the hi u.: , .., , :
"It Is not easy to give a li:;t f t
reforms which he brought about. The
star worked In furious hnfs tv I.
followed no system. He Issued dtv
:rees with such rapidity that it Is
LjllHcuIt to keep count of them. Pe
ter seemed to reel mat ejeryimug
that had ever happened before was
entirely wrong. The whole of Rus
sia therefore must be changed with
in the shortest possible time. The
old system pt government had been
abolished over .night The duma or
convention of nobles bad been dis
missed andln its sted the czar had
surrounded himself with an advisory
board of state officials called the sen
ate. ;i Hussia was divided into eight
large1' provinces. . Koads were conr
structeo.'. Towns were built . Indus
tries were created wherever it
pleased the czar.' Canals were dug
and mines were opened in the moun
tains of the East In this land of
iUlteratea. ; schools ! weres founded.
Dutch naval engineers and trades
men and artisans from ail; over the
world ,were ' encouraged to .move to
Russia, ; Printing shops were estab
lished, but all books .must be -first
read by the, Imperial censors. The
duties of each class of society were
carefully Written down in a new law
and the entire system' of civil and
criminal laws v gathered into a se
ries . of printed volumes. The old
Russian costumes '.were abolished,
and policemen, armed, with . scissors,
watching all "the country t.-; roads,
changed . the long-haired Russians
suJdenly into a pleasing Imitation of
the smooth-shaven' west-Europeans,
While the czar was away from home
a sudden rebellion sprang up." The
czar, appointed himself executioner-
in-chief and the rebels were hanged
kand quartered and kUled to the, last
man. Sister Sophia, Who . bad been
head of the rebellion, was locked up
in a cloister. When Czar Peter was
away on a 'second trip, to increase
his knowledge of the outside world,
there was another . rebellion. '- This
time the reactionaries followed the
leadership of Peter's half-witted son
Alexis.-' Alexis was beaten to death
In his prison cell and the friends of
this rebellion were ' marched thou.
sands of dreary miles td their final
destination In the : Siberian, lead
mines.' , After that, no -further out
breaks of popular , discontent took
place. Until the time of hie death,
Peter could reform In peace." ".,
T
Equestrian Statue
; of First Presii
dent
Io I. I Of
a a i i" 'y
ciise in.)', c
and blue. , 1
birds. If one
times pines a,
i-' 'til-'
a gen."
.icaiai :
U Th.
or deli
with re:
: asr cai; )
i t ) 1
: ; g lis unite some-
' '';':'?"' ' Atlanta '"'": :"':':':',''''' '
Atlantes, in architecture, are col.
umns cut . out of stone or rock and
Sculptured In the form of male fig
ures, used to support entablatures
or the like, so called by the Greeks
in reference to Atlas, the god con
demned :, to support ' the vault of
heaven. ... The Romans called them
telamones. ;';,:;; - ' : '5':
' Chw lie CuJ
A Animals thai chew the cud ere
called ruminants, and the division,
of the animal world to which they
belong Is called the Rumlnantla,
Among the ruminants are the oxen,
sheep, goats, . fcntelopes, giraffes,
deer, chevrotalns, camels and- their
close relatives. -,
;.
Abbe Pierre's Life '
' Pierre the Venerable abbe' and re- -former
of Cluny, was born In Au
vergne In 1092 or lQ4,i;He died at
Cluny: in 1W8. He was raised to .;
the rank Of abbe of Cluny In 1122. .
His title of venerable was given h'
as a memorial of his great spirits '
gifjW'L'A-i
'. - : Cardinal Virtaa
- According to the ancients, the car- ;
dlnal virtues were the virtues of
Justice, prudence, temperance and .
fortitude. An attempt to modern- ,?
lze them led to ctasslflcallon : Be
nevolence, Justice, truth, purity and
order. . ,t ., , '
HC-TBAN-ATOV
Belt. V. 8. Pat. Offlea '
A.MAEINOI flay. Radio throutb body. N.
Intdraatlng; Healthful, Soargiilnff. AKanta.
Sampla $1.(6. Renrdaent ua In your locality.
HU-XBAN-ATON C01 W.Sad 8tN. Y.
SB PROFIT ON EVERT $' IH, maka ;
IK dally aaay. Nw Ufa Vr ...n, I'lan.
Deth. Dlaablllty, Old Age, A I. up to ;
11.000, No aiamlnatlon. He." i , d an 1
to 80. Coat 01 per month, a01 teumua
for hlldblrth op to ld0. I
jlli iiinaM l-HM-.FIt A" '
Gboateaa lnit UliW. - , St. k...
Germany's Quota of Sugar Iwjtj.
Going, going, gonet all the sugar Germany will be ptjrmnied to.
Import Into the United States In 1936, all 79.8 pounds of it I a w cole,!
auctioneer. Is shown turning over the entire bag to B. F. V;eich, aitn
' several minutes of feverish bidding. The sugar was purchased t,y imiiom
And company. New York brokers, at the Northern Sugar Beflneryf j ,
: stedt Germany, and brought to Chicago for exhibit during theC0Dvel
. of sugar refiners. ". i 5 , , - ' U
HowCalotabEI:
" Millions have found in Cr ' - s e
most valuable aid in the t"'uif :l
of colds. They take one or two t -lets
the first n'l-i't i-i.l r""ut Use
third or filth ' ' t it i I.
Low s 1- i ";i" -
throw oT a coi. j t ,?
one of the rr"v t t .nrni if i i .
penduble of a4 iuk-iwiin en
; trius clai!-''e; the liii.-,. ! t ; t ,
tlie g'j-::l-i. ' ' I 'l- i ! i
-
i. r
c tu Pie
I
I' Of aO tha haroea of Anierlran
nana aarhapa haa been mora I
atod br varioua nionumenta and n?!.v; 4
a and about tha Capital City t: -i C ..n.
Caoraa Waahlngton. . Ih9 almva a vho
tanda fat tha park at Wartime "t Circ.la,
mm Pannaylvaoia Ava ha hularia CaotHO
awa. ,