1
PIONEERS
. ' enienmnmmnnnsap- , "A. : : fr.
AS LONG w the free land last
ed, tola country bad the
makings of a jeffersonlan
democracy. If yon didn't
like working for somebody else and
saying, "SlrV you didn't have . to.
Too could walk ont on the whole
system heroically, and become one
of a new American landed gentry at
government expense. is- & .ft-;V
With the natjon OUlng np, the de
mand for earth-room Increasing, and
land of every description advancing
in price, yon conld farm at a paper
loss for thirty years or longer and
retire with a competence. The op
portunity existed and beckoned un
til as recently as 1919. ' ..v:
Enormous expanses of America
are still hardly , more than :: fifty
years settled. ... We have still In, the
United States, alive and kicking,
: hondreds of thousands of actual pi
oneersmen and women who went
Into the wilderness or out on to
the plains, and who, pretty much
with j their own bare hands, - made
themselves' a home. '
They had, by and large, a harsh
' time "of r'tti and they (Ike to talk,
about It nowi ? , They-t may stretch
things a little, ' bnt most of It la
true. Here aild there, as they tell
their stories, yon may detect a note
of triumphant confusion. That Is
natural A good many xf these peo-
pie went pioneering to get away
from Just such things as have now.
In large measure, overtaken them.
They wanted to be absolutely In
dependent To that end they found
themselves going moreand more
often to bankers with their hats In
their hands.
Tbey wanted to raise their chil
dren safely away from sin and glit
ter. A son has turned atheist, at
the state university; a daughter
brought up in the church, is in Bol
lywood. They wanted peace and quiet An
express highway cuts through their
property now, and they have two
cars and a radio.,
. They are getting pretty thorough
ly civilised, and they dont quite
like It A cycle of pioneering does
not end until acquiescence Is com
plete. f Over the Alleghsnles.
West from Toledo- In prairie Ohio
the barns are Gothic and good to
see,'- They at beautiful In the same
' way that cathedrals are beautiful,
for they follow the same design;
Framed from' the side, with the roof
vaulted, no "part of the structure
' appear upheld by. the part below.
The whole building Is thrust from
the earth to the iky with a strong
triumphant lift "'' .
In Fulton county, Ohio, such barns
are aide-framed,' and they' are 'all
big. Take them right through the
county, they will be half as large
again .as the barns yon will find
anywhere else in Ohio, or probably
anywhere else fn the United States.
' For; this reason: In1 Fulton, county
'the barn customarily Includes" the
: barnyard. Some thrtyv years ago
a farmer. Arnold Waldeck', one of the
pioneer residents of this county, got
It Into bis head that, even If it
would make your barn -more than
' twice as large, your barnyard ought
to be covered, It ought to have a
roof over It and sides, and good
: tight storage, space above; In other
words, the barnyard ought to be
built right In a part of the barn, v
' Almost' all the barns In Fnlfon
county. and many In neighboring
counties, are hullt that way today.
The idea combines beautifully with
side-framing. ' The state college of
agriculture urges the spread of such
barns throughout - the state. The
college engineers Issue free plans
for what they call the Fulton Coun
ty, or the Covered Yard, sometimes
-ore
the Waldeck barn; and they tell
yon that somewhere In Fulton coun
ty the original Waldeck barn is still
standing. - '
"As good as new,; pretty near,"
says Arnold Waldeck, himself.
"About the only .difference la that
'F. A. Fleming Is painted on the
gable, Instead of 'Arnold' Waldeck,
1897.' . "Ninety-seven, that's when I
put it up." i , s- .
'? He' la an old man now. "Born in
1 that would put hint well past
eighty.- A tall old man In a stiff
white collar, comfortably large; and
heavy black suit which bangs on
him loosely. Too much of a man,
even now. to scale with this neat
small-town bungalow, his ' present
home. He still stands all of six
feet above ground, and bates chairs,
"I get tired sitting down." ; So he
stands with a stoop. He has pale
eyes, a white' beard trimmed to the
line of hia Jaw, and a bold fore
head, wide and high. Hia big hands
hang heavily at his sides. ,-
He continues: '1 have lived here
in the village for thirteen years.
I am too old now to take, an, active
part In fanning. But I was sixty
four before I sold -out and retired.
I wouldn't sell until 1 could get the
right sort of buyer. .The man I
sold to, Mr! Fleming, think as I
did, that a balf-bushel of weeds In
a ten-acre Held Is plenty, and not
one of them weeds ought ever be al
lowed to go to seeA .
"1 bought that farm, eighty acres.
In 78. Half of it was in timber. The
other half waa mostly stumps. I
cleared the half that stood In trees,
and built the erst part of my barn
from my own timber, v ' -' ''
"1 built It forty by sixty. That
made talk. People said rd never
fill it A good many 200-acre places
had smaller barns than that in those
days.' "-'.. 'is Vr1-':
"Wen, by 1897 I had it filled, all
right Fact of the matter, I need
ed more storage space. , I began to
make plana. ' I anticipated enlarg
ing and also building a shed' around
my barnyard to protect my cattle
from the winter. .pj'.'v.'1
"I bad the lumber all cut when
my brother George told me that
he'd beard T. K Terry speak st
Farmers' Institute about a barnyard
covered all over and closed In. The
Idea was to protect not only the
cattle but also the manure. "
"It seems that T. B, he was a
famous farmer, and Institute speak
er; he died back here only eight
or nine years ago got the Idea
from old Prof. Isaac P. Roberts of
Cornell.' Roberts was building some
sort of 4 covered barnyard there. I
dldnt know Just what '-?.' ':-v;t
,' "But for what I wanted the best
thlpg to do was Just to raise my new
hay shed, close the sides- below,
and run the stock under:' That was
what I did. and that's the type of
barn and yard yon see all over this
county today. '
. "My brother George, the one who
gave me the Idea, was the first .to
follow my lead. He came over and
saw what I had. , ' ;
.?Tou've got the advantage of me,'
he said; 'you're saving manure. Too
can feed In winter .without going
out in the cold,-, t can't thresh until
the manure Is out of the yard, too
can thresh any time and blow the
straw right In above the cattle,
where it will keep a lot better than
In a stack.' Tes,' he says, "you've got
the advantage of me.' And be built
one. like it. - -,,....,-,.- :
' , "After, a bit along .comes my
brother William, and he figures that
it would be land Insurance and pay
htm 10 per , cent on bis money to
build one, too.
""One by one they began to go np
all over the county, and you can see
bow It is now.: If an Idea's practi
cal, you can trust farmers to take
up with It Tbey use any abort cut
a group oi ii men
i.ud talk aim. , 'What
to help the tanner?'
i of this county are forg
er than the average
lug i
tow i
"I
yoin
Is p
me t
i :. j.' iays said if I. was
; i '., I would farm, for there
j f I' iroumpnt In farming for
-1 i - y other vocation." -A ";.
- .- In t Plains Country. ;,-v
' Everyi.o ; In that part of South
Dakota calls htm "Uncle Dave." He
came from Wisconsin as a lad of
nineteen,, treklng by compass over
trackless prairie. , He gave up car
pentry, took up land and gradually
became known as the moat painstak
ing - and successful farmer there
abouts. They called him "'The Po
tato King of South Dakota," what
ever that means. ' ' '
Uncle Dave Is seventy; a middle
slsed, sinewy, leathery man, slightly
bent but , tireless still, and sturdy.
He speaks slowly,, mildly.: Farm re
lief T, . He hardly knows. v So many
smarter men have got all snarled
up 'on the-, subject V-; : t
I met him In a little town that
looks as If it had- heeo set up for
a western movie.;--; Except for the
courthouse; that Is a fine stone
building, with the data 1908 on its
cornerstone, and the name rDave
Saur" carved In bold letters at the
top of a commemorative tablet in
aide. He was chairman of the board
of commissioners that got the build
ing there, and so started this town
of Haytl, less than 25 years ago.,
."My brother named the town,"
he aays, "He was busy, out tying
bay for the cookstove, and a postal
Inspector ; came outxto see about
getting a post office hare. 'Call it
hay-tie,' said my brother, and the
Inspector wrote It down, only with
out the "e." A pretty good. name.
It takes yon back, to the early days
We burn coal now Instead of buf
falo grass, but there waa a long time
there, let me tell yon." that when
the women were baking they'd send
yon put to. tie bay. , It took them a 1
good while to, learn to like a coal
fire for that - , i.
"Well, I'm getting along in years:
guess 111 be an old man yet K 1
live. I was born in 60, back In Wisconsin.-.
.Three of my older brothers
were in the Civil war. One was
killed; they brought him home in a
box..,- -. -.v , - ;-'.-' , - -' Vi'-?::r -
"I came out here in "79 with an
other fellow, In a prairie schooner.
Watertown was the end, then, of the
North Western, railroad. . We bead
ed for there,; steering by compass;
there weren't any roads to speak of.
Tbey used tq build np big mounds
of dirt on the hills, to guide on.
; "The other fellow I came with
pushed on up into the Tim River
country." I irtayed in Watertown, as
a carpenter. I carpentered for five
years, bnt the turpentine from the
wood got me in the-lungs somehow,
and the doctor .told . me to quit
"So , I cams out here, and took
out my first quarter-section; twenty
five miles from town, with no near
neighbors.' I got married the same
year; I was twentyfour at the time.
We dldnt need any license: South
Dakota wasn't a state yet The cot
ton woods I planted that year, there
lit that tree claim across the road,
they're sixty feet tall now.
"The main trouble those " day
wasn't In raising things; It was find
ing somebody who wanted what you
raised. The fellow .nearest us took
some eggs Into Watertown to trade
a): the store. They wanted to al
low him six cents a dozen. Taln't
enough, he said, to pay for the wear
'n tear on the ben!'.,' -.'V
f "But land was cheap, too. I got
my second- quarter-section for $000,
And I ' don't remember any time
when we didn't have plenty to eat"
: As 'we went out to bis potato
field; i told me bow, nearly twenty
years ago, everybody said he was
wasting bis time. :i He put In four
teen acres of Early Ohlos. . Hall
came and chopped them up. It looked
like a dead loss, but they, came
through: with 1,400 bushels that sold
for a. dollar a buabel From - that
time on. be cut wheat out of his
farming plans and always, grew
thirty to forty acres of potatoes f
He went along this way, doing a
good, thorough Job of farming, until
1920. S A; W. Thompklns was the
government farm adviser or county
agent in Hamlin county at the time, i
He got Uncle Dave and one or two
others Interested In the Idea of ..rais
ing state certified seed . potatoes
They : formed the . Hamlin County
Certified Seed Potato Growers' association-
the first of such assocfa
tlons in South Dakota, the tenth in
the United States. . They put up, at
Haytl a' grading and . sorting station,
all on credit , They paid off their
$7,000 debt. In full at the end of
the first year. They had netted,, on
ihelr first year's, sule. eighty-four
cent a busbel as compared to a lo
cal market price, that year, of twen
ty-seveo cents a bushel . -' '
V: "look," said Uncle Dave.' "Here
my test plant 1 try out my. seer
tubers and rogue out any plant thai
show the least little sign of disease
That's , a new. trick with : ine. ne
this year. And looki last year.
fellow told me that mixing corroslvt
sublimate with bard water was bad
Here, in these row Is where Tn
trying seed treated with corroslv
and rainwater ; , and here's wher
Tm trying gome, seed treated wit'
hot formaldehyde. - I'm- going t
find out about that Just for my ow
satisfaction a - fellow has got t
keep looklo' ahead." , ,, , , " -
, . . . . WNU enrlM -.
E Is
XlOUSMEV-.-fl V'Ol . ! j
; ST? J . 1 I
.:V"-'V THATrTyJj r- , ;
THE FEATHERHEADS "
VPRY ATTRACTIVE, j tuC&V A?5 sSe lSo'kI
THIMK 'SO, -i J IMPROVED V' MUCrf btlNSEfe '
1-fHIMK I'LL fcte- J WHAT' I SHOULD SAY I
UlJ?!?lT "oU ON'T. WANT- To ,
. BOBBER fTop I , , r:HAvfB VouRSELF COQKlMO- J
FINNEY OF THE
VMUT A WQISriT.'
OI WOULDN'T FER A
WADPKA ,' SPOT HOW OI
YtOULD LOIKB T 56B A ;
a, , - Mewww
t" --'S ifcii.
SMOKC CATCR5..CIT
A COLP ROIDC
91'
J
h the Lives Cj
FORCE V ;0
WMUT
A ,A ft U Ale. THAT ' j "
1 ' sSS'T :
r Not for Her
Fire and Warmer
Prince 1 1
Fourth av nurf i
fourteenth su .
That line was d
the New loVk and I
, Dy Kaowa I
There are certain d.:
Indicators, that show
org in acid and tn alkam
these are extensively us
leal work where the
kallnlty of solutions mu
fully controlled.;
Wild and Tame Tu
m,. nmt. readllvrecoi
ference between the oort..
turkeys and domestic fow
outer band of the tall. WUa
have chestnut bands, while t
turkeys nave a wniieBim. . ,
V Utng Namerah for C-
-In using numerals for df
custom In the United States
use the following order; Moi s,
year. - In some foreign Cli
nch as Great Britain, the o
day, month and year is foll
' Wom' Blood Preferr 5
i Women blood : donors are ;
f erred In ; hospitals In Oana i
eause their, blood clots more
than that of -men. . Thla Is con -ered
a vital aspect In the trai j
alon of blood, i, , v .
' :r- : i 1 1 ! r . .J- ' n" -
Old Charcb Ru4 Rebuilt
After serving as an Anglican place
of worship in Leeds, England, f t
87 years, St PhlUp's church v.ns
tors down and, the- materials
to rebuild It at Mlddleton. -
That Borrowed 0brHa
- "Since he became a candidate f
office,' said Hi Ho, the sage t l
Chinatown, "my neighbor.' H. Eiit,
extends bis band, but the utubrella
I lent him 1 never in if
'$jt-hy-' Some Glaas Toagk V-y! ' ' " .
t? Some glass is tough.' In lenses
cooled quickly the strains are con
trolled and even when dropped on
a concrete floor, do not break,
1 ' FUb Ignore Divers
If a diver tn tropical seas permit
blmself to. sway with the under
water current the surrounding fih
pay no attention to. nlm. ' ,
,j- i .' ,i :' i' : " '.':
,' Fighting FLh of Slam. .
i The fighting, fish of Slam, only
about 8 inches long,; will attack any
flsb on sight, Contests are held with
these fish. ,.' - ' ' ..
' , ' Japan Strong for Charm
The use of charms Is almost i
versal in Japan. One even sees tL.
in taxi cabs as a guard against ac
cident. , ,, -. .
- 1 i - -'"' -:
Stamps Made in Washington . -
All United. States postage stamps
are made at the, bureau of engrav
ing and printing, Washington. ,
. "Doctor, I want yon to look after
my office, while I'm on my vacation."
"But I've, Just graduated doctor.
I've had no experience.", t
That's all right, my boy. My prac
tice Is strictly fashionable. Tell the
men to play golf and ship the lady
patients off to Enrope.'VLoraln
(Ohio) Journal ;.,.'
, 'll-;
- Who Wants to Be VUUin? '
""What's the difference between
drama and A melodrama?" v
i "Well, In , '; a drama the ' heroine
merely throws a villain over,' - In a
melodrama she throws him over a
cliff." Stray Stories Magazine.:
.', Political Economy
"Did yon send your boy. Josh to
college to learn political economy?"
"Xe," answered Farmer Corntossel.
"He got some great political ideas.
But as for economy be gets deeper
In debt every year;" "
AND GJT YOUR FEE. .