HAS LITTLE HOPE OF MING WAR BERLIN HAS NO EXPECTATION THAT HOSTILITIES WITH U. S. CAN BE PREVENTED. RATHEB DEFER THAN AVOID Ultimate Hostilities Inevitable if j President Adheres to Position That j Loss of American Life is Hostile Act. ? Copenhagen, via London. ? Littls | hope or expectation prevails in Berlin that war with the United States is avoidable, or that a modus vivendi re conciling the policies of the two Gov ernments can be found. There now is a aeaire on the part of the authorities and a vast bulk of the people to avoid actual hostilities in any way consistent with the general lines of the present submarine policy, but only in such a way. Acordingly, instructions were given, so the Asso ciated Press has been reliably inform ed. to submarine commanders befors they started on their February mis sion. to take the safe side when neu tral vessels, particularly American, wer ein question, whenever possible, Enemy merchantmen^ when recogni' ed as such, were ordered to be sunk at sight, but neutral merchantmen were to be warned when such action. > in thei: judgment, was consistent with the object of the campaign and the i safety of their own ships. It is realized, however, that after j the prompt and resolute stand taken j by President Wilson, these orders I could only be palliative and only do- ! fer. not avoid, an ultimate break. Al- j so. that if President Wilson stood by ; his announcement that the destruc- j tion of American lives or ships would j be regarded as an act of hostility, a '? casus belli must come sooner or la- i ter ? probably sooner on account of j the number of Americans on enemy ships. Moreover, there was the dis- [ cretionary nature of the Instructions to submarine commanders, who were informed that while the careful course toward neutrals was recommended and desired, they would no longer be sub jected to punishment for departing from their former procedure of warn ing, If they foond this advisable. its standpoint by one or the other side, and before the Associated Press correspondent's departure from Ber lin, there seemed no probability that Germany would give way this time >>r abandon the ruthless campaign now started. " , FOUR MILLION DOLLAR FIRE LOSS IN PITTSBURG SUBURB. i I Machine Shop of Union Switch and Signal Company Destroyed. Pittsburgh. ? The machine shop | building of the Union Switch and Sig aal Company, the largest plant tor the manufacture of switch signals in the Halted States, and until recently en- [ gaged in filling munition orders for the European Governments, located at Swissdale, a suburb, was destroyed by fire with 8 loss estimated at $4,000,000. The eause of the fire has not been de* terained. although officials of the company believe It resulted from spon taneous combustion. The blase started in the packing department of -the boiMing and. fan aad by a high wind, gained such head way that it waa necessary to eall out the fire departments from the adjoin ing boroughs of Braddock. Wilkin s burg. North Braddock and Rankin, and a part of fire Pittsburgh depart- j meat ? DEMOCRATIC SENATORS HOLD CAUCUS AMD APPROVE MEASURES Washington. ? The diplomatic breac n With Germany having been indorsea by the Senate, Congress, is devoting itself to important general business, together with emergency measures necessitated by the strained interna tional ftteatifw Emergency measures awaiting ac tion in the Senate include espionage end conspiracy bills recommended by the Attorney General, and amend ments to the shipping laws. The Sen* ate expects to pass the Porto Rican dtisenship bill during the early part of the present wtek. after whfeh h fight again will be instituted for legis lation 'in the jw^Unff postoffice appro priatton increasing the rate' on news *ni WILSON DECIDES COURSE TO PURSUE ? ' ? ? ' DETERMINES MOVE IN E\?ENT GERMANY MAKES USE OF FORCE NECESSARY. PROTECT MNERISAN RIGHTS if President Goes Before Congress it Will Net Be to Declare War, But to Protect American Rights. Washington.-^- The coarse to be tak en by the United States if Germany compels the use of force to safeguard American rights, has been determined. It was learned, authoritatively after the Cabinet meeting that in the event President Wilson goes before Con gress again, it will not be to ask for a declaration of war, but to follow literally the words o? the address in which he announced the break of dip lomatic relations, and request author ity to use means deemed necessary to protect American seamen and people. The President, it was said, is as anxious as ever to avoid war with Germany, but also is as determined as ever that American citizens and ships shall be free to travel the high seas unmolested. His next step, if taken, will be to enforce that right, and even then the issue of war or peace will be with Germany. Any hostile action will have to come in the form of an interference with an American right. Details of the Government's *plans are not discussed. It is known, how ever. that convoying and arming of merchant ships are being considered. Xo new development came to indi cate that the overt act by Germany regarded as inevitable was nearer at hand. Fpwer reports of ships sunk came in, and none told officially of the loss of American life. Further infor mation received about George Wash ington. the negro fireman lost on the Turino .indicated that he probably was a British subject. Practically every member took to the Cabinet information about the ac tivities of his department in connec tion with the general precautions be- - ing taken. Questions discussed ?in eluded proposed emergency legisla tion, steps for protecting property, mail problems precipitated by the failure of ships to sail from American After the meeting, it was authori tatively stated Quit nothing -had yet happened to change the course pur sued by the Government since the break in relations with Germany. The effect of the tying up of ships in American harbors because of fear that they will be sunk if they pass through the war zone, is one of the questions being given careful consid eration. The enforced idleness of the merchant fleet is a subject of grow ing exasperation. RED CROSS PREPARED TO CARE FOR ARMY OF MILlpN, According to Reports to Washington Headquarters ? Chapters Are Ready For Field Service. Washington. ? An expert hospital force sufficient to care for an army of a million men, could be mobilised by the Red Cross within a few days after an outbreak of hostilities, in the belief of officials at headquarters of the society here. Since this call was Issued February 3 instructing Red Cross chapters throughout the country to place them selves on a footing for field ' work, many encouraging reports have bqen returned to headquarters, together with a great flood of personal offers of service. Eliot Wads worth, acting; chairman, estimated that the force which could be mobilized Immediately in case of war would include: Twenty-six completely equipped army and navy base hospital units, with -a total personnel of 1,260 nurses aids. i..' A hospital base reserve of 415. nurses and 625 n?nes' aids. A corps of expert instructors in sur gical dressings, totalling about 120. Thirty-two partially complete navy detachments of 20 nurses each. . > One hundred and , fifteen local emergency detachments. ' "With the customary ?Mignmect of It patients to each sme" he added, "we ?culd that take care of 50,000 sick and wounded at onceu In the earUcir stagefe of war, the proportion of sick and wounded is about five par cent. In ether words, we are prepared today to give expert nursing service to an. amy ol 1,000,000 men. "No National emergency has ever Jqund the Red Cross better, prepared than H 1s today." i ? INCREASED RATE-ON ^ 3$ ?scowfrc Washington. crease '?a?l rate on >r this ? ??? -? ' ? to one {Copyright) SPEED UP WORK OH BIS SHIPS ALL WORKING FORCES DOUBLED AND CONSTRUCTION WILL BE RUSHED TO LIMIT. All Possible Steps to Prepare For Any Orders In Event That Country Enters Into War. ? Just Waiting' For j Word to Go. Washington. ? Construction work on warships building at the plants of the Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry-, dock Co., the Fore River Shipbuilding Company and the Electric Boat Com pany will be speeded up to the limit of these plants. Work on the two su perdreadnaughts building at the New port News yard is proceeding under doubled crews at the suggestion of Secretary Daniels, and the Secretary accepted the proposal of the other two plants to similarly hasten work on the war vessels :h'y are building. * At the Newport News plant it is estimated that the battleship. Miosis- j sippi, recently launched, can be com pleted by midsummer instead of Jan uary 1, 1918, as called for in lhe con- 1 tract. The keel of. one of the four sew battleships recently contracted- for will be laid on the slip Tacated bj^ho ? instead of amer i\CpiOOOUU*u.v;? v. ? - - and Electric- Boat Company Mr. Daniels, offering to rush wor.c on destroyers and submarines, for wnlch they would set aside private work. They were told to go ahead at full speed. The plan is to get the .vessels launched as soon as possible, freeing stocks for then'new set of destroyers and submarines to be authorized in the pending navy bill. * . \V ' SAFE CONDUCT FOR COUNT BERNSTORFF. Will Be Given by Great Britain, the Foreign Office Informs Ambassa dor. London. ? Count von Bernstorff, for mer German Ambassador to the Unit ed State, will be given safe conduct so far as it is within the power of the British Government to bestow. This announcement was made by the For eign Office. It followed a conference between A. J. Balfour, Secretary for j Foreign Affairs, and Ambassador Page. The two were closeted for . nearly an hour.. Both w;ere non-committal on their deliberations, but at the con clusion of the* conference, the for eign Office authorised announcement of Great Britain's decision to accede j to Washington's request, made two ! days ago, At the same time, the For eign Office cabled its decision to the State Department at Washington. It I Is sal dthat. Great Britain la ready to 1 grant' Count von Bernstorff safe con duct, but that it could not guarantee the (prmer Ambassador's safety against the acts of his 6wn country men. The British Government has exd pressed itself as anxious to meet the State Department's wishes. ; ' ' -.*1 ' ? ? I j . GERARD'S COURSE 18 I GIVEN APPROVAL. 1 Washington.? Ambassador Gerard's refusal tfr enter into an^r sort of nego tiations with the G^nnan Foreign Of-' flfce is approved by tl*. State Depart-, ment as the only possible course tot him to pursue in view of his status of a private citizen. Any commani catton from the German Government regarding a treaty or any other sub Je^wouJd have to b/eTi* but^ through -the Spanish or Swiss dlpfo: m.tlo representatlTe. I- B.,U,. EMIGRATION BILL 15 PASSED WAS FIR8T VETO OF PRESIDENT WILSON TO BE OVERRIDEN. BY CONGRESS. Japan's Protest Against Asiatie Ex-, elusion Section Disregarded? In ternational Situation Up. Washington. ? Congress ' . has ? ; over riden a veto by President Wilson for the first time, and enacted Into law the immigration bill with its long-fbught literacy test provision. The Senate j voted 62 to 19 to pass the measure ' notwithstanding the veto and in spite of eleventh hour information that Ja pan again had protested against the language of the Asiatic exclusion sec tion. The House overturned the vlto by a tote of 287 to 106, so the Senate's ac tion ends the' contest of 20 years' Stand- 1 ing in which three, presidents have re pudiated similar bills passed by Con gress. The international situation j; Was brought ipto the closing debate in the Senate, Senator Reed calling atten tion to the Japanese objection and ?g|gj|^hat nothing be done at this " la B1 nuanjiiiuvi. answered with the declaration that the present state of international affairs emphasised the necessity of a pure, homogenous American people such as 'the bill was intended to protect. The vote on re-passage of the bill was as follows: % . . ' To over-ride the veto: Democrats ? Ashurst, Bankhead, Beckham, Bryan, Chamberlain, Chil ton, Culberson, Fletcher, Hardwlck, Hughes, JameB, Johnson, Maine; Kern, Kirby, Lane, Lee, Martin, My ers, Overman, Phetan, Pittman, Pom erene, Robinson, Shafroth; Sheppard, Shields, Simmons, Smith of Georgia; Smith, of -South Carolina; Thomas, Tillamn, Underwood, Vardaman, Wil liams? 34. Republicans? Borah. Brady, Clapp, Cummins, Curtis, Dillingham, Fall. Gallinger, Grona, Harding. Jones, Ken yon, LaFollette, Lodge, McCumber, Nelson, Norris, Page, PuMcies, Poin dexteit Smoot, Sterling, Sutherland, Townsend, Wadsworth, Watson, Weeks, Works? 28. , Total, 62. Against over-riding the vote: Democrats ? Hoi lis, Hosting, John son, of South Dakota; Lewis, Mar- 1 tine, RaasdelK Reed, Saulsbury, Stone, Thompson, Walsh ? 11. Republicans? Brandegee, Clark, Colt du Pont, Lipxlit, Sherman, Smith, of Michigap; Warren? 8. Senator Phelop, who voted to over ride the veto, had voted against orig inal passage of^he bill. Senators who voted for the original bill, but woeld not ygf# to pass it oyer the veto, were Mollis, Johnson of South Dakota and lompson, Democrats; and ^ Sherman d Smith of Michigan, Republicans. fi '/? ? ?* SAFE PASSAGE GRANTED TO ; , BERN8TORFF ANO STAFF. i Washington. ? Tuesday, February 13, the whole corps of German officials in the United States, including Count and Countess von Bernstorff, the Embassy for 0ennauay. Reservations for more attT-; M engaged I big SctfdfcivU* liner 1 VIII, leav ! for ChrisUani^ sve granted safe i ?&/,>' ' ' -Wr ? ? x,-..-,-r-'-^- - the total of '215 persons aboard the vessel had been landed. Nothing was -saM_oTUiejiue of ttt iwajtliilng 65. . Washington. ? Consul Frost, at Qaeenstown, cabled the' State Depart' ment that the British passenger liner California had been torpedoed without warning off the Irish Coast, and that the one American known to have been on board was saved. Some of the pas sengers and crew still were missing, including two women and several chil dren. , Frost's dispatch was as follows: "Anchor Liner California has been i sunk; bound Glasgow* presumably from New York. Two hundred Ar sons on board; one death; 30 hospital cases; survivors reach here laf* to night." The captain of the ship is quoted as saying the submarine did not hail or give " any warning before firing two torpedoes from a distance of 300 yards and sending the California down. - The American survivor was John A. Lee, of Montgomery, Ala., who is sup posed to have fyeen a member ot the crew. , ' . i Wyoming Woman on Board. v Caeper, Wyoming.? Mrs. Alexander Cuthill, a passenger on board the liner California, sailed two weeks ago to visit, her parents in Scotland. Mr. Cuthill has taken out his first papers of naturalization and hts filed on a homestead here. No Americans Aboard. New York. ? No American citizens were among the 31 passengers on the California, according to officials of the Anchor Line in the city. Records filed when applications were made for pas sage showed that while many of the persons who sailed on the liner lived In the United States, they were sub jects of Great Britain. The crew num bered 184. The cable message; receiv SEVERANCE OF RELATIONS WITH BERLIN APPROVED. SIMMS JIBE JILL LANDED One Death and Thirty Hospital Case* ? One Woman' From WyominQ Whose Husband Had Taken Out Naturalli ation Papers. Senate Adopts Stone Resolution.? Five Senators Vote No. Washington. ? President Wilson's severance of diplomatic relations with Germany was approved formally by the Senate. . By a vote of 78 to 5, the Senate ex pressed Confidence in the President's course, adopting a resolution submit ted by Chairman Stone, of the For eign Relations Committee, endorsing the withdrawal of American Ambas sador Gerard from Berlin ahd the giv ing to German Ambassador Bernstor/f his passports. Senators who voted against the res olution were: Democrats; N kirby, of Arkansas and Vardaman, of Mississippi. Republicans : Gronna, of North Da kota; Works, California, and LaFoI lette, Wisconsin. LEFT TO PRESIDENT TO R MAKE THE DECI8ION. Washington.? The steady Btream of reports teOing of the destruction of merchant ships by German submarines Was brought to a climax by a cable gram to the State Department from Consul Frost, at Queenstown, an nouncing that the British passenger liner California had been torpedoed without warning, and that an- Ameri can citizen was among the survivors, Whether this Will prove to be the overt ac> to drive the United States into war no one would attempt to say. I President Wilson, who must main the decision, had retired when tho news came, and officials did not wake him. He iiad been informed of a men sage from Consul Frost telling of the sinking of tho California, but giving no detail* as to yarning or the prea * aAaoblbtWIjr will wait for complete reports on the sub | Ject1 before determining whether to go before Congress an