Newspapers / The Carolina Union Farmer … / Sept. 26, 1912, edition 1 / Page 4
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: ' 4 ; - r ^ ^ t ;5 \ Page Pour THE CAROLINA UNION PARMER [Thursday, September 26, 1912* The International Institute of Agriculture H. C. Price in Wallace's Farmer. In 1908 an institution was estab lished at Rome, Italy, that is destined to have a far-reaching effect upon not only agriculture, but civilization and the international brotherhood of the whole world. This institution, known as the International Institute of Agriculture, was conceived in the fertile brain of an American, Hon. David Lubin, of California, and its es tablishment was due to his untiring, self-sacrificing and persistent work. He had been a large merchant in California, and had dealt extensively in farm lands, accumulating a good- sized fortune. But he also had been a student of economics, particularly from the practical side, and he saw that many of the problems of agri culture are not national problems, but international. In statistics of crop production, for example, with our modern methods of transporta tion, it is not the crop of a single country, but of«the whole world, that concerns us. It is of little avail to have accurate statistics for one coun try and inaccurate from another. Plant disease knows no national boundaries, and the problem of their control is international. The more Mr. Lubin studied these problems, the more he saw the necessity of the co operation of the nations of the world for the common purpose of advancing agriculture. But how was it to be done? There was but one way, and that was through an organization in which the different nations would have repre sentatives. Here came the rub. How was such an organization to be brought about? He, as a private in dividual, could not ask the govern ments to form such an organization. The initiative had to be taken by a government. Here arose another dif ficulty, because, as a matter of diplo macy, not every country could take up such a proposition without arous ing the suspicion of other govern ments. For example, if the United States, a heavy exporter of agricul tural products, or England, a heavy importer, had asked the other coun tries to join in establishing such an organization, the other nations would have first asked: What’s behind this; what selfish object have they in this? Consequently, it was neces sary to have a country that was more or less a negative quantity in the world’s market for agricultural prod ucts. Partly by chance, Mr. Lubin had a hearing with the King of Italy, and presented his. plan for an Internation al Institute of Agriculture. Fortu nately he met willing ears, and defi nite steps were soon taken to bring about such an organization. The King of Italy invited the na tions of the world to participate in a conference held in Rome in 1905, and it resulted in a treaty which created the institute being ratified by forty- nine nations, representing ninety-five per cent of the land of the world, and ninety-eight per cent of the popu lation. The interest of the Italian King was not confined to serving the organization in an official way, but from his private fortune he provided a beautiful site and built a splendid building for its use in the outskirts of Rome. He also contributed by his own government, to the yearly sup port of the Institute, $60,000, which is three-eights of its total Income. Undoubtedly, the leading thought on the part of the adhering nations in the establishment of the Institute was the collection and distribution of official statistics of the world’s pro duction of agricultural products. This is its first work, and each month a JO joiqD^aiH ‘pajsmio 'aH M auiOH oj paiquo aju sjinsa.i aqj ‘uoj3ui -qsuAl sonsnajs JO nnaang; jno jo pjuoq luonsTjujs aqj Xq pajidmoD uaaq aAuq soijsijujs Xiqjuoui aqj uaqAV ‘ajduiBxa jo^j ’ -pjaoM. aqj jo sopstjejs IBanjinoiaSu lupipo aqj jo asiioq Sui -juap a su saAjas avou ajnjijsu{ aqj, •papuuiuap uojsBOOo aqj su ja>[juui aqj aouanyui oj pasn aaaAv pun aiquipaun iCpoqAV aaaAv qoiqAi ‘saiuudnioo ajuAjad jo sajurapsa axp jnq Sujqjou uaaq puq aaaqj ‘ajnjpsuj aqj jo juaxuiisiiquj -sa aqj ajojae 'p^^U ^loojs aqj pun spiaijC pajuuipsa aqj ‘sdojo 2ui -Ai.oaS axp JO uopjpuoo aqj ‘uopuAp -ino japun uaju aqj apnpu} sopspujs asaqj, -uopoa puu aop ‘ujoo ‘sjao ‘^Cai -juq ‘aXj puaqAV joj sopspujs ppoA eqj SuTAxS ‘paxjsiiqnd sj upapnq the Bureau. The same thing is done by the chiefs of bureaus of statistics of other nations. At the institute, these results are handled in a very rapid and accurate manner, and with in four or five days the reports are assembled, the estimates made out and cabled back to the respective countries. The difficulties of establishing such a service were much greater than might at first be thought. In the first place, there was little uniformity in the different countries in their sys tems of collecting and time of report ing agricultural statistics. In some countries there were practically no official agricultural statistics collect ed. The first problem has been to get the statistics of the different coun tries on a uniform basis, and im mense progress has been made in this direction, and even such countries as China have now begun to collect ag ricultural statistics and report them to the institute. In addition to the statistical work, the institute is carrying on other lines of work which seem to me will prove to be of fully as great importance to agriculture. In the control of plant diseases, the institute publishes each month a bulletin giving the results attained in the different countries in the control of plant diseases. The institute is also working for the adop tion of international laws for the control of plant diseases and injuri ous insects, so as to prevent their further spread, as well as effect their eradication. A great work that the institute is now doing is its work on agricultural co-operation. Insurance and credit. This is a work that would probably have had little weight in convincing the different nations of the necessity of organizing the institute, and yet it is one of its most useful functions. Each month a bulletin of about 250 pages is published, giving special re ports on the systems of agricultural co-operation, insurance and credit in use in the different countries, as well as reviews of the official reports and current literature upon the same sub jects. Although these bulletins have been published less than three years, they have already collected and pub lished more material on these sub jects than can be found any place else. In this way, the institute is not only spreading information concern ing these useful institutions, but arousing an interest in them that will result in their rapid spread into the countries in which they are now com paratively unknown. In the matter of agricultural co-operation, for ex ample, full reports are made upon the forms of co-operation in use In all of the different countries, any progress made is reported, and in this way is assembled in one place and In one publication a summary of what is be- (ADVERTISING.) REV. J. D. HUFHAM FOR JUDGE CLARK Al Conclusion of Judge Clark’s Speech, the Best Beloved BaplW Minister in North Carolina Endorses Him tor the Senate Creedmore, N. 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The Carolina Union Farmer (Charlotte, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Sept. 26, 1912, edition 1
4
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