1:
Y
SOUTHER fARM fJOTES.
E!3:
TOPICS OF INTEREST TO THE PLANTER,
Effsr-Tf tlnjr Bfachino.
'A German genius says be has dis
covered a method by which he can
tell the ago of an egg np to five greeks
from tho time of batching, indicating
not only whether the egg is tit to eat
r not, but also testing eggs for hatch
ing purposes much more accurately
than can now be done by the candling
method. Herewith is given an illustra
tion of the simple appartus wnicb he
uses, and also the complete formula
'for the liquid in which the tests are
made, as given1 in the patent papers
filed in this country:
The liquid ought to be of about 1035
Bpecific weight, and is composed of
one liter of water, twenty-six grams of
ordinary salt, eighty-five grams of
LINES SHOW AGE OP KQ3.
glycerin of about twenty-eight degrees
Baume and one gram of concentrated
salicylic alcohol. A fresh egg, it Is
stated, will go to the bottom of this
mixture and lie there in an almost hori
zontal position. An egg from three
to five days !d will be at an angle of
about twenty degrees; an eight-day-cld
egg will describe an angle of forty
five degrees, a fourteen-day egg of
sixty degrees and a three-weeks egg
will take a position corresponding to
seventy-five degrees. An egg four
"weeks old will stand upright on its
pointed, end; an egg of five weeks will
toe suspended in the liquid, and an egg
beyond that age or a foul egg, will
ewim on or near the surface of the
-liquid.
If these statements prove true, this
apparatus will prove to be useful for
cooking, preserving, hatching and all
Other purposes. The glass face of the
containing vessel is graduated. to indi
cate the above mentioned degrees.
Mfca This Experiment.
Very often when we urge certain
new methods, on the farm, we are met
with this argument: "That will do very
well for the rich man or for the large
farmer, but does not suit the man of
small means."
Here is one thing that certainly does
suit the small farmer. E;e, of all oth
ers, can and should raise hogs for
home use, if not for sale. But why not
for sale? He must do something to
make a living. Raising hogs is easier
and cheaper than raising cotton, and
the profits in the business are surer and
larger.
Very often after a hard year's work
jou have nothing left when you sell
your cotton crop. It has cost all it
brings to raise it. This is not true of
bogs, they can be raised very cheaply
and sell for a good profit.
The' man who raises hogs is rarely,
!f ever, found in debt; the man of small
means who raises cotton, with meat
bought on a credit, is almost always in
debt.
Try hog raising and see how you
come out.
It requires but comparatively little
capital to stock a farm with hogs, and
it takes but a short time to con
vert the crop into money. This is why
we consider swine raising adapted to
ffttraers with limited means. In the
spring and summer large numbers can
be raised upon grass, clovor, rape and
ground grain made into a slop or por
ridge. In the fall, as soon as the corn
1s sufficiently matured, they can be
fattened, and thus the entire croj) of
corn and pasture can be marketed by
tho 1st. of October.
One requirement in raising swine is
plenty of good water and a -moderately
large range. Where hogs are too close
ly confined, disease is liable to set in.
They also require close attention and
regular feeding. Southern Cultivator.
Velvet Bean.
When mentioning this crop as one of
tho crage crops which can be success
fully grown In the South, we remarked
that it was, In our opinion, better fitted
to be grown. as a soil-improving crop
than for teed, as it is such a rampant
grower that it is exceedingly difficult
to cut and harvest. In confirmation of
this, we observe that the crop was
grown at the North Carolina Test
Farm at Tarboro last year, and turned
flown as a preparation for a corn cron
The result was that the plot so treated
produced the heaviest yield of corn and
stover of all the-plots tested. Tin
yield of corn on this plot was :;.r0
bushels per acre, and of stover L'ilSO
lbs. Xfst best yield was on a plot on
which a complete fertilizer had been
applied following a dressing of lime. in
. uo. On this.plot the' vield was '7 4
bushels per acre, and 1800 lbs of
QYej The next highest yield wa
STOCKMAN AND TRUCK GROWER.
made on V plot on which Soy beans had
been turned down. This plot made a
yield of 24.40 bushels per acre, and
2200 lbs. of stover. The value of the in
creased yield on the Velvet bean plot,
over the cost of fertilizer, taking the
value of corn at fifty cents per bushel
and stover at ?S per ton, was $11.54,
which was nearly five times more than:
the value of the increased yield on any
other plot. This great value as a ferti
lizer comes largely from the fact of the
wonderful power of the plant to gather
and store nitrogen from the atmos
phere. Dr. Stubbs told us some time
ago that he had seen nitrogen npdules
on the roots of Velvet beans nearly as
large as pigeon eggs. Of course the
great mass of humus producing matter
provided by the plant has also consid
erable influence. Southern Planter.
Good Farming.
An acre w ell attended will return
more than two acres indifferently at
tended, says Southern Farm Magazine.
This is true, whether devoted to cereal,
vegetable or fruit. An intelligent com
prehension of what the grain, the plant
or the food requires, and a knowledge
of what the soil contains, that the
plane food be properly supplied, is the
first requisite, and the second not less
important requisite Is proper tillage.
The thrifty horticulturist who lives in
his garden, feeding his plants, and con
stantly on guard to rout the vegetable's
enemyrwhether germ, worm or weed,
is the man that makes the single acre
turn into his till as large net revenues
as many indifferent farmers can secure
from a hundred acres.
The intelligent orehardlst who knows
the treatment his trees need and the
soil upon which they feed, and keeps
a vigil over each fruit bearer, when
the fruiting time comes can secure his
product in perfection, and his returns
are larger by far than come from
orchard op vineyard many times larger
owned by those who permit weeds to
associate with tree and vine, giving no
thought other than to expect fruits
from weed and thistle patch.
The new era of farming and fruit
culture is particularly noticeable In
the South, where attractive truck
farms flank prosperous industrial cen
tres, and well-kept and well-attended
orchards yield their abundance of in
comparable fruits, where thrifty farm
ers till less land, and do it better, and
get greater rewards than wasting time
over large areas.
Keeping Cows Clean.
The illustration shows a cow stall in
actual use. The contrivance over the
shoulders of the cow Is the unique
feature.. Cows, when urinating, natur
ally arch the back, and if confined by
rope or stanchion,' will crowd as far
COW IN STALIi.
ahead as possible, thus ' allowing their
waste to fall exactly where they would
stand when feeding. The little device
shown -In the illustration in no way
Interferes with the arching of the
spine but does force the cow to draw
back instead of pushing ahead; thus
the gutter back of the cow catches the
filth and the floor remains clean.
There is no rule to give for the ex
act placing of the structure, as differ
ent breeds of cattle differ so in height
and length; however, piece Jso. 2
should be located just back of upper
point of shoulders, and from one and
one-half to two inches above the back.
This gives a chance for free movement,
and in no way interferes with the
comfort of the cow. My cows are Jer
seys, and frame is just twenty inches
from the stanchions. No. 1 is a block
on which to fasten No. 2. No. 3 is the
upright, which should extend to the
joint above, and there lie fastened.
No. 4 is the brace for the support of
the frame, and should be nailed verj
firm, as the cow will break the trap ir
she can. No. 5 is the gutter. Ameri
can Agriculturist.
Cwrryinr IIores.
Few persons think there is much
knack in currying a horse. They will
find it well, however, to obsown t ha
following suggestions:
Tne curry-comb should not be harsh
ly applied to the skin, but be used more
to clean the brush. There is no need
of scratching the back hard enough
to open the coat, and start up a cloud
of unnecessary dandruff. The action
of the brush is merely to loosen the
scales from the cuticle and allow them
to be removed by the dandy brush.
BABY'S f tRST WORD.
A Clilld'g Efforts to Make Itself Under ;
stood
The most Interesting period in a
child's life is that in which it makes
Its first 'efforts at understanding and
being understood. A child produces
sounds only for the first few months,
but these sounds are very, expressive,
If one is an attentive and sympathe
tic hearer, and arise from the many
changing feelings of suffering or
pleasure. The scream of a child Ju
pain is altogether different ..from the
roar of anger, and both are unlike the
fretful cry of hunger. A little later
the small being begins to practice on
the vocal organs a rehearsal of the
sounds which in time will become lan
guage. In this baby twittering the vowel
sounds come first, and modifications
of 'the "a" are continuously strung
together, often in odd ways; later the
child- apparently becomes conscious
of amusement jn making these noises
and then babbles, because to do so af
fords him pleasure. An unusually
loud shout will be followed by a pause
of admiration, and there will be plain
efforts to renew special sound effects
as he grows older.
The first articulate sound made by a
Lbaby Is usually the syllable "ma," as
every on knows, and the result is that
In almost every language this syllable
Is part of the word meaning "mother,"
as madie in Italian, mater- in Latin.
A baby will exert his lungs to the ut
termost extent in order to obtain his
end when in earnest need of attention.
The parting of the lips and opening of
the mouth to its widest naturally pro
duce the sound "ma," and, as his Ma-
jesty's desires are usually attended to
by the mother, the syllable comes ta
be andestood as her appellation.
How many aeons have passed since
first this word was first used none can
know; but there can be little doubt
that It was one of the very ealiest In
primeval language. Philadelphia Tub
11 Ledger.
Killed the Whole Corey.
T kill six quail, the total number in
the covey, at one rise, with a thirty
Inch double barrelled shotgun, is a per
formance that for this part of the
country is likely to stand as a record
for some time to come. It was done in
the presence of two witnesses the other
day by R. M. Taylor, of Amelia Coun
ty, Virginia.
With two friends and three pointers,
one of them an Inexperienced puppy,
Taylor had been hunting quail since
daybieak, and It was not until after
sundown and with only two shells left
In the outfit that the remarkable shot
was made. The men were returning
to the village with their game bags
comfortably well filled when one of the
older dogs stood a flock of birds that
bad coveyed for the night in a small
slump of dense pine scrubs standing
on a slight eminence in the middle of a
big field of broom grass.
As Taylor had the two remaining
shells the chance fell to him, and he
had approached to within thirty yards
of the outer edge of the pines when
the puppy broke his stand, and, run
ning over his field partner's point,
flushed the birds. The covey caineup
out of the little clump in a compact
ball like a toy balloon.
There was no opportunity to pick a
bird, and Taylor fired his right barrel
point blank into the mass. Every quail
but one fell, and this one was grassed
at a distance of flftv vards with tho
loff VtaiKAi rrt, n
Ifhnnfo ! ; , l ! f Ily Tas an -
nihilated in less than two seconds.
The shells were loaded with three
drams of dense powder. and an ounce
and a quarter of No. 8 shot. The right
barrel of the gun was a plain cylinder
and the left full choke. New York
Sun.
Took the Wronj; 3Iani Ann,
A young lady walking with her hus
band in a London street-left his side
to look In a window. On leaving it
she took, as she thought, her husband's
arm and continued her conversation.
"You see," she said, "you don't even
look at anything I want you to see.
You never care how I am dressed;
you no longer love me. Why, you have
not even kissed me for a week,
and" ,
"Madame, I am sorry, but that is
my misf ortune, not my fault," said the
man, turning round.
The lady looked at him and gasped.
She had taken the arm of the wrong
man. ,
Human Art Callerj.
When examined by the authorities
of Lyons, France, Scoevola, who is sus
pected of being . an anarchist, was
found to be tattooed from neck to
heels. Scenes from sacred and secular
history, landscapes, figures of Women
and dogs and geometric designs occu
pied every inch of skin on his body.
A former student of the Lyons Art
Academy was the artist, the work
being done while Scoevola was cook
aboard a sailing vessel. Scoevola is
very proud of his decorations, and
thinks that tome day a museum will
pay handsomely to preserve and ex
hibit his skin:
Many a man has acquired n reputa
tion for popularity simply by keepiug
his troubles to himself.
, The average, woman doesn't feel com
fortablc unless her shoes hurt her.
A late paper sent me from Fayette
county, Missouri, j says jthey are run;
ing all ot the negroes) out' of Fayette
and Howard counties and the whipping
post awaits those , who tarry, and that
the race war is on in earnest. That is
bad very bad. ; Where are the poor
creatures to go, for it 13 awful weather
in Missouri, with the thermometer be
low zero and blizzards j raging around.
I wonder what they have been doing
to provoke such treatment. If they
move . to another county, how long be
fore they will have to move again? and
it looks like they Will perish or freeze
before the winter is over. Some towns
In Illinois have given them marching
orders, and it looks liki they have lio
friends but the southern people. We
used to wonder why they all did not
leave here and go up to their deliverers
and bask on their bounty, but only a
few were fools enough and now they
would come "back if they could. We
are geting sorry for the negro. He has
no abiding place. They are tenants at
will of the landlord jwhen Russia
gave freedom to her serfs a few acres
and a cottage were alloted to every
family, and this could not be taken
away not even for debt. The poor,
shiftless laborer has ' a hard time
everywhere. A friend writes me from
Quemadas, Cuba, that j the wealthy
Spaiards, who live in Spain own all
the land in Cuba, and it is exempt
from all tax, but the laborers wno rent
it have to pay tax on everything, their
shanties, their horses and carts and
stock of 'all kinds and plantation tools,
arid, on what produce is left after pay
ing rent, and when they buy anything
with Spanish money; they j are charged
73 cents in th dollar, and when they
sell they have to take 63 cents. They
are generally no account, but can live
fairly well on the bountiful products
of a fertile soil and the fruits 1 that
abound everywhere, j My i friend says
it is a most delightful climate. He has
wife and five children and never a
day's sickness. In a! drive! around his
place you will see $850,000 worth of
pineapples growing, and ho is now
planting 20,000 mors! plants, and. they
make good crops from five to ten years
without replanting and are worth from
2! to 3 cents apiece. It costs $30 per
acre to prepare the land and $35 more
i.o buy the plants. The sweetest and
best oranges you ever saw 'grow all
Dver the hills and sell for $2 a thous
and.. Then there is grape: fruit and
times and lemons and! mangos, guavas.
plantins, figs and grapes. , j
Now, I was ruminating why our ne-,
groes didn't go to Cuba, where they
would not have to work half the time
and where they could mix and miscege
nate with the natives and have social
equality to their heart's content. The
Cubans are all colors now from nearly
white to nearly black, and ! they will
mixjwith any race. One day I saw a
curious looking specimen in jthe negro
car, and the conductor didn't know
whether to move him or not, j and so he
asked him: "Are you a white; man or .a
negro," and he replied:. "My fader was
a Portugee and my mtfder was a nag
er." The conductor smiled and let him
stay.! Go into a cigar factory jin Tampa
and you will see a fair assortment of
Cubans four hundred in one long
vjwuj. auu ui an ouaucs, sizes auu cum-
, Prions. They have no national or
I race color. I should think Cuba would
suit most of our negroes very welh
for they could live on fruit and honey,
My friend says he has framed hives 10
feet square and robs the hives every
.other day In the dry season, -and it is
j a prontanie business, j
But I don t see any good f reason for
driving negroes from one (town or
countyto another. It is riot playing fair
with the other towns, t Chiefs Ball re
ports that he Is driving them out of At
lanta. It does not seem to concern him
where they go so they leave I Atlanta,
j Why not take up the vagabonds and
punish them under the Wagrant law
and put them to work;! why not call
back the whipping post? It will cure
the negro of small crimes and jidleness
quicker than anything in the world.
When they get Into the chalngang tney
j get a whipping post or; no post and
, a good whipping before ! hand would
keep many a one from ; going there.
But the most remarkable 'treatise on
the negro and his race tjraits rias" just
been written and spoken ; of by j Profes
sor Dowd, of Wisconsin ' university.
Such a deliverance from a northern
source is amazing. He has been down
here and gone from town to town and
studied the negroes' actual condition,
and declares he is on the down-grade
in morality, in health and physical
condition, and the race will become ex
tinct if some great change is riot made
in their education and some radical
control placed over their morals. They
have almost ceased to marry, but take
up and cohabit at pleasure and change
whenthey feel like it He says that
out of one hundred families he visited
atr Durham, N. C, only twenty-nine of
the women had husbands, and the
children are almost universally sup
ported by the mothers, while the fath
ers spend their time in idleness or
have "took up" with some other wo
man. He writes like he had been to
Cartersville. fors in sight of my house
is a woman with.three sets of children
-six In allby three fathers, but she
has no husband and has, never ' been
marri-d. ' She works hard; for 'those
children and stands tool! in the church.
Her sister ' has four p.mi,u.
husband, for he has abandon ,na a
The colored barber who sa? V
years had three wives with v V
and ran away with another
went to Bessemer ftjid therP e ani
her off. There are no doubt'lWai)l
bastard ngro children witbiri
limits, and as Professor Dowi 0wn
the marriage relation is nnl ,SaK
unknown among the nejrrnn
degradation of the negro haV l'
along so gradually and insidious COa?e
our people . have gotten usUn ?1
no attention is pald'to it b y r-n,, an3
crand juries. Wo hire . tbsp v f . 3 f
gro worsen for domesticservamj n
many of them are good ones
children go to the pablic schooV
in time the boys get big enouL11
steal and the girls to follow S.
mothers examples. When win
this folly stop 11 a1'
But jm?t now there seems to be
satlon of political hostilities about tt"
negro and the race problem
A kind of
mind, and they, too, are getting tit!
of the negro. In fact, nobody See
concerned about him except a few
licians like Crumpacker, of Stu
sucker, or whatever his name is.
ever and anon there comes a thunfle?
ing sound from Mount Olvmnus. vi
Jupiter Tonans sits enthroned in r '
dignity. Hark! Jupiter has SpoW
Then sshook thp hills with vJr
jeitcuuju ua uuiiie ucr trie rT.i.
-t . '"unnt,
uveu cum iuuuci iiiuu me DOlts of
heaven, we hear a mighty voice tVf
ions its ecuutra iroui me Atlantic tn
the Pacific and reverberates amon?
the clouds and is borne on electric cJ
rents from Washington to Indianola
and whispers, "Stand by Minnie!"'
they stand. Minnie ought to go -L
there and take refuge in the hite
house where Jupiter could stand by her
day and night. Now let that be te
G. O. P.s shibcleth and let it roll down
the corridors of time as a watchword
"Stand by Minnie! "Bill Arp, in a.
lanta Constitution.
THE SCIENCE OF GIVlNa
The Giving of Money Is Not Neces
sarily Beneficence.
A woman of wealth who has devoted
her life ar. power to philanthropic
work thus speaks of the uses and oV
Hgations of wealth:
"There is one obligation upon all
persons, rich or poor. Spending
money is only way of meeting our ob
ligations. I have known many consa
crated men and women, almost penni
less, who carried cn a great work for
the Master, and they accomplished
more real good than those whose labor
ended with the distribution of "weaJtV
"It is not enough that we should da
tribute alms. We should be careW
to see that our gifts reach the props:"
persons, and are not placed where
they will accomplish more harm thaa
good. Many wellmeanjijg people ex
pend thlr money where it really i?nt
needed, while they ignore' the urgent
causes which they might discover tie- ,
fore their very eyes They are not
true to their obligations. They are
not commanded to distribute money
but to do good to others, and their
possession of wealtn should enable
them to do good largely.
"It isn't right that we should gfte
to unknown charities without investi
gation, and yet to investigate will re
quire many hours, perhaps."
There was one truth that was for
gotten by this noble woman, one that.
all money-givers have not learned
the truth that no one mind can decide
as to -vhat is the proper method of
using money of charity. Only sci
ence can turn benevolence into benefi
cence. Most of the money now given
according to one's misguided feeling
is surely destined to become a source
of evil. Much of the rest, while not
harmful, is not a benefit to humanity.
There is no way in which wealth could
be used with such advantages as in en.
dowlng a permanent commission of in
dependent and scientific-minded men
whose sole function it should be to
advise the benevolent for what pur
poses the gift of money would do tlw
most good to the world. Some of fee
great "endowments of vast sums were
only saved from absolute failure and
loss by the wise and quiet influence of
moneyless nrcn American Medicine.
A Vegetable Chair.
One of the most wonderful-pieces of
furniture in the world is the vegetable
chair which came from Corea, and has
grown from a single seed, planted
twenty-six years i:go. The seed wa
that of a gingko tree. In fertile soil
and amid sunshine and rain the seed
grew into a vine,- which the native gar
dener set about to1 fashion by ingen
ious twistings, compressions,, and
trainings Into an arm chair.
Much, pruning was necessary in or
der to make the lower branches de
velop in. size and strength. The chair
was carefully formed, by tying thft
young and pliable branches together
with strong fibre ropes, and as the tr
expanded the ropes held firm. ,
The chair weighs more than or
hundred pounds, and is even harder,
sturdier and more imperishable thai
oak. It is three feet four inches i
height, and twenty-five inches ifl
width, and some of the knpts whi
formed between the binding ropes
twenty-one inches in circumference
The bark has been removed, and th
surface, which is golden brown
color, has taken a fine polish, and i
spite of its look of lumpy antagonist
it is quite as .comfortable as tiie con
ventioual factory made, chair.