POLK COUNTY NEWS, TRYON, N. C.
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PESTS INJURE LIVE STOCK
Screw-Worm and B!ow-Fly Trouble
some to Stockmen in Different
Parts of Country.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
merit of Agriculture.)
Both the so-called screw-worm and
the Mow-fly larvae commonly called
maggots, are pests of prime importance
to stock raisers. The screw-worm is
often confused with the other species,
especially during the spring and fall
months. Injury to live stock from mag
gots is more widespread than Is that
due to the true screw-worm. In fact,
this maggot injury may be found
among live stock in any state of the
Union, although it occurs . most fre
quently in the warmer portions of the
country. The true screw-worm inflicts
enormous losses on the stock raisers
of Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Ari
zona, and southern California during
son sons which are favorable for its
development. During the warmer por
tions of the year it is never entirely
absent from this region and may also
cause injury to stock in the other
Southern states, and as far north as
Nebraska.
The screw-worm is a native of the
Americas and has been causing trou
ble to stockmen for many years. No
doubt it is largely due to this fact
that cattlemen accept the pest as a
necessary evu uuu unvuys count upon
"doctoring" a certain number of cases
every year.
The seasonal abundance of the
screw-worm fly depends largely upon
climatic conditions. The first ap
pearance of adults in numbers in
spring varies from the first of April
to the middle of June, according to the
latitude and earllness or lateness of the
season. Throughout most of the ter-
Black Blow-Fly, or Common Maggot
Fly, as Seen From Above (En
larged). ritory where it is a pest it usually be
comes numerous during early May,
and cases of screw-worm injury be
pin to appear soon after. The insect
then gradually increases in numbers
until the hot, dry weather of midsum
mer, which in Texas usually reduces
the abundance so that the injury is not
severe under normal conditions in the
months of July and August, unless
considerable cloudy and rainy weather
occurs. It becomes more numerous
again in the early fall, especially when
the weather is warm and showery, and
Its activities are terminated only with
the advent of heavy frosts. The abun
dance of this fly, of course, is depend
ent to a large extent upon breeding
places at hand, but it is also true that
a warm, humid atmosphere is best suit
ed to its development.
GOOD FEED FOR LITTLE PIGS
Scalding Middlings With Some Milk
and Sweetened With Molasses Is
Most Excellent.
When pigs are about three weeks
old they will want to eat more than
the milk they can get from their
nether: A small, shallow trough
should be placed where the sow can
n,,t ?et it. Scald some middlings,
stir nd pour in some "milk; if "the
lilk is sweet, all the better. Put Into
e feed about a tablespoonful of mo-lasses-
Drive the little pigs carefully
vt the trough, They will get the
'1'r from the molasses, put their noses
to the feed, lap lit, and begin to eat.
KEEP DUAL-PURPOSE CATTLE
Popular With Farmer Who Must De
pend -on Few Animals for Milk
and Butter for Family.
(Prom th United States Department ol
T Agriculture.)
jne dual-purpose cattle are popular
ith the small farmer who keeps but a
cattle and must depend on them
Xr produce all the milk and butter
n(ded for the family and, at the
same time, raise calves or steers which
tl'111 readily for slaughtering pur
Poses. They have not been popular
ith the ranchmen or farmer who
raise large numbers of cattle.
,
Sy MART QAHAM BONNER
FLOWER PARADE.
"Here we come," said the crocus
lowers In the garden as they peeped
up just after the snow had left the
ground In the early spring.
They were of different colors, pur
ple, blue, white, yellow and orange,
and how bright and cheerful they did
look for it was still somewhat chilly.
"We're glad to see you." said the
fairies, "and we know the children
and grownups are too."
The fairies always got up very early
In the morning and they welcomed
every flower as It came out. The sun
smiled and beamed too and said:
"Hello flowers, how are you? I'll give
you a little warmth."
Of course the sun was so high up
and the flowers so near the ground
that they couldn't talk very well to
dear old Mr. Sun, but they were fond
of him for being so good to them and
keeping them fine arid warm.
It was not long after this that the
fairies were in this same garden early
one morning when they saw some of
the other spring flowers.
"Why here are some lovely hya- 1
cinths," they said. "Nice purple hya
cinths and pink ones too white and
lavender ones as well: How fragrant
you are, dear, lovely hyacinths."
And fhe hyacinths whispered to the
fairies how they loved the world and
fairies and children and that was the
reason they were so sweet. They sim
ply couldn't help being anything else.
There were the beautiful, bright tu
lips, too. How gay and jolly and happy
they were. They were wearing their
brightest colors. Some wore dark red
and how handsome they were !
Others wore bright orange and some
wbre yellow. Still others wore beauti
ful pink and some wore mixtures of
colors. "We're bright because we're
so happy," they said.
The daffodils, so yellow and cheer
ful came along next and the narcissus
flowers were just as sweet as ever.
"It's wonderful to see the different
flowers come out." the fairies said.
Just then a lilac bud burst into
bloom. "Hello fairies," it said. And
the other lilacs were out in a very few
days after this.
"We'll tell you a story," said the
white lilac bush while the purple and
Persian lilac bushes listened as did the
garden flowers.
"We'd like to hear a story," the j
fairies said.
"You see," said the white lilac bush,
"that we are all a part of the great
Flower Parade."
"The Flower Parade," repeated the
fairies.
"Yes," said the white lilac. "Lis
ten. When the snow leaves the ground
the crocus flowers appear and take
"We're Glad to See You," Said the
Fairies.
the lead in the parade. They are like
the drum major who leads the proces
sion, but instead of tossing a fancy
stick into the air, tfcey lift up their lit
tle heads and tell the world that
spring has come.
"Next follow the. hyacinths, the
tulips, daffodils, narcissus flowers, gar
den violets, p.ansies and little daisies.
They all are about in the same part of
the parade. And when they come we
appear too, as well as the flowering al
mond shrubs and many others.
"But the pansies, little daisies and
garden violets blossom all through the
season, so they're like the small boys
who run along by the side of the pa
rade almost anywhere, at any time.
"And after we go the flowers will
still keep on parading. The lilles-of-the-valley
are marching now, and soon
the dear forget-me-nots with their
blue, blue eyes will come.
"The rockets, peonies, honeysuckles
and roses all will follow along, making
a very handsome part of the parade.
And later on the phlox, larkspur so
blue, and foxglove will follow.
"These are the flowers that come up
year after year and they are the ones
which belong to the great Flower Pa
rade. It takes a whole spring and
summer and early autumn to see the
whole parade. But it's worth while
seeing, and though we can't be here
all the time, we're glad for our part of
the parade we are."
And the fairies knew that the lilac
bush was right and a parade of
gorgeous garden flowers would con
tinue all summer.
Doesn't Seem Fair. '
"Mamma," said little Ethel, with a
most discouraged appearance, "I'm
never, never going to study any more."
"Why. dearie, what's the matter?"
inquired her mother.
" 'Cause It's no use," was the im
pulsive answer "it's no use at all. 1
car't never learn spoiling. Teache
keeps changing the words all thf
timer
11
Lake
EL SALVADOR, the little repub
lic on the southern coast of
Central America, is not behind
any part of the world In the
matter of the picturesque and the in
teresting, it has its natural phe
nomena, its beauty spots for tourists
that should be double starred In trav
elers guide books. Its relics of ancient
races, its quaint and busy cities with
their artistic works of architecture,
writes Hamilton M. Wright In the Bul
letin of the Pan-American Union. In
the world there is not a more wonder
ful volcano than Izalco, which, more
than four generations ago, ascended
from the plains and has since re-'
malned active. There Is not a more
wonderful lake In the world than llo
pongo, distant about ten miles from
San Salvador., the capital, and con
nected with it by a splendid highway.
A fine national road which, at one
point, cuts the mountain side 800 feet
above the surface of the lake also
comes in from San Vicente.
Hopongo is an alluring spot for bath
ers for the people of the republic
thoroughly appreciate the charms and
advantages of their own country. It
is the watering place for'San Salva
dor, with hotels, bath "houses and
launches. The surrounding ridges and
mountains are beautiful and colorful
and dip into the lake steeply. Viewing
this superb sheet of water, with the
nearby eminences verdure-clad or col- '
ored by past volcanic eruptions, with
drifting clouds casting their fleeting
shadows upon Its surface, one has a"
feeling that he is far from the haunts
of man, until perchance his eye lights
upon a launch far below, sending Its
ripples over the expanse of waters.
Fine Mountains and Climate.
There are in the world no finer
mountain peaks than those of El Sal
vador. The volcanoes Santa Ana,
San Miguel, San Vicente, Usulutan,
Zatecoluca, and San Salvador, rising
from Santa Tecla, and half a hundred
others have all the characteristic
The Volcano Izalco
beauty of the symmetrical volcanic
eminences elsewhere in Central Amer
ica. In the healthful uplands or moun
tain basins, where a larger part of the
population f lives, 2,000 feet or more
above sea level, are to be found tree
shaded cities and rich country dis
tricts that in charm and Interest will
repay richly every moment the trav
eler will spare them. The healthful
climate gives rise to a vigorous and
enterprising population. This little
country has a record of having pro
duced 75,000,000 pounds of coffee in a
single year, 1916, perhaps more in
earlier periods.
We did not stop long at La Union,
but continued from the port up the
coast to La Libertad, the nearest sea
port to San Salvador. There we an
chored out in the open roadstead, a
mile and one-half from shore, and took
a coffee barge to the pier, where we
arranged for a conveyance to San Sal
vador. 40 miles distant by automobile
road but less than 30 for mules. It is
a very short trip up to the capitol, but
the traveler beholds the varied re
sources and climatic changes of an en
tire continent within the brief journey
to the uplands. This part of the coast
Is a center for Peruvian balsam, a
remedy for pulmonary complaints and
so called because In early days it was
first shipped from Salvador to Peru
before being reconsigned in through
packets to Europe. The tree Is found
over an extended strip' up . and down
the coast.
Highways Are Excellent.
The journey from La Libertad to
San Salvador Is a fine one and the
road Is good. In fact there are 1,
800 miles of through national high
ways In the republic of Salvador. The
roads of San Salvador are a national
I .,1
aoilVciiOUI
llopongo.
institution. Great work has been done
in grading and hridge-building. Some
splendid permanent concrete bridge
have been constructed. La Libertad,
which is also reached by road from
San Vicente in the east central part of
the republic, is the seat of the cable
station between North and South Amer
ica, where messages are handled with
great dispatch. The roads leading
into La Libertad are much traversed
by oxcarts, as La Libertad is a great
port for San Salvador.
The mountain scenery on the way
to Santa Tecla, 2,650 feet above sea
level and but 11 miles from San Sal
vador, Is Inspiring. The great coast
range of mountains sends out giant
spurs and hogbacks to the very shores
of the Pacific, and between these lie
numerous watercourses that run to the
sea. The region, of which the extinct
volcano, Quetzaltepeque, Is a magnifi
cent feature, is very mountainous and
rugged and is intercepted by magnifi
cent and fertile valleys.
Santa Tecla, also known as Nueva
San Salvador, lies at the base of the
mighty volcano San Salvador. It is
connected by railroad and also by a
fine avenue with the nearby capital ;
It will be the most Important city be
tween San Salvador and La Libertad
when the railroad spur to that port
has been constructed. The city is well
illuminated at night, has attractive
drives, fine public buildings, churches,
barracks, hospitals, beautiful resi
dences, villas, and suburban homes
and estates, magnificently kept up,
with fine lawns and gardens and all
the appurtenances of fashionable coun
try homes. From a social viewpoint
it is almost a part of San Salvador.
The city has a population of about
12,000; it owes its origin to an earth
quake which overwhelmed the capital
about two generations ago.
San Salvador a Handsome City.
There is nothing of the "dolce far
niente" type about San Salvador which,
with Its environs, has a population .of
65,000. With the exception of Pana
ma City, San Salvador has more au
tomobiles than any other Central
American city. Moving pictures, too,
are popular in' the capital and through
out the republic. The city attracts
by Its beautiful, shaded parks with
their fine sculptured monuments, the
splendid national palace, the cathedral,
the National university and the Poly
technic institute.
The cathedral presents perhaps
more the typical French renaissance
style than the typical cathedral In the
capitals of the new world, though it
is a most ornate and beautiful work of
architecture. Altogether San Salva
dor has a distinct European note In
the air of its shops and stores. The
broad streets, fine cement curbs, the
ornate, low-lying buildings with their
handsomely grilled and latticed win
dows, the beautiful, semltropical parks
with their luxuriant foliage and com
fortable seats, where the visitor may
watcluthe parade of fashion and the
many cosmopolitan elements of the
city, engage in social chats, make new
acquaintances, and listen to an excel
lently, rendered concert all these ren
der a stay in the capital a pleasant
event.
Forty miles to the northwest is San
ta Ana, second city of the republic,
and rightly accounted one of the lead
ing cities of Central America. Santa
Ana will be the first Important city of
Salvador to be reached by rail from
the, north when the line to conned
with the Guatemalan systems Is built.
The city has a population of between
45,000 and 50,000 and an elevation of
2,100 feet. It is a lively, prosperous,
well-ordered community, with an air
of assured stability. Its business
houses are manr.
Don't you ever stop to realize that
no one is wholly indispensable in this
world? Someone can take our places
if we drop out. Why not accept all
that is offered to us and get the most
out of life we can?
SEASONABLE GOOD THINGS.
The fresh rhubarb Is an always wel
come spring fruit which may be served
in various ways.
Rhubarb Sponge.
Clean and cut in half
inch pieces without peel
ing young, tender rhu
barb, that which has a
pink or rose skin pre
ferred. Stew until ten
der, adding one-fourth
cupful of boiling water to a pound of
the rhubarb; cook until tender. Soft
en one ounce of granulated gelatin In
a third of a cupful of cold water.
Strain the cooked rhubarb, pressing
out all the juice and add enough boil
ing water to make three cupfuls. Mix
three-fourths of a cupful of sugar with
a half a teaspoonful of ginger, stir in
the juice and gelatin, when the gel
atin Is dissolved add the grated rind
and juice of a lemon and set the mix
ture to chill. When It begins to thick
en fold in the beaten whites of three
eggs. Mold. Serve with sweetened
whipped cream.
Head Cheese. Boil three hocks of
a pig until the meat falls from the
bones, season as desired and drain and
cool. Chop coarsely, add a chopped
onion, pepper, salt and nutmeg, with
the liquor, in which the hocks were
cooked. Mold and when cold serve
in slices.
Belgian Hash. Soak a half cupful
of prunes and a half cupful of currants
over night, add two finely chopped hocks
of a pig cooked until the meat drops
from the bones, add a half cupful of
sugar, three-fourths of a cupful of vin
egar and a fourth of a cupful of water,
in which the fruit was soaked, half a
grated nutmog, and a dash of salt. Put
Into the oven and cook slowly until
all of the moisture is absorbed. More
sugar is liked by some, but for the un
initiated this will be sufficient, as sugar
with meat is an innovation for the
American palate.
Cheese Balls. Season cottage cheese
,with butter, red pepper and salt, make
into small balls, roll them in chopped
nuts and set aside to become firm.
Serve with crackers and a plain let
tuce salad.
Nuts in cottage cheese with onion
juice and cream to soften, with pa
prika and salt to season, makes a most
dainty salad.
And the plowman settles his share
More deep in the grudging clod:
For he saith, "The wheat is my care,
And the rest is the will of God."
FOOD FOR THE FAMILY.
- Slice a large onion Into one teaspoon
ful of butter and let It simmer. Add
one cupful of cooked oat
meal and cook until the
onion Is tender. Add a
scant pint of milk, and
salt and pepper to taste.
Strain, bring to the boil
ing point and serve hot
with crackers.
When making celery
soup always use the leaves to stew
with a fev stalks, as there Is much,
flavor in them. Dried and pulverized,
they make excellent seasoning for
soups or meats.
Creole Rice.-Chop one large onion
and a small slice of ham, very fine, put
Into a saucepan with one tablespoonful
of butter and a cupful of cooked rice,
a can of tomatoes, salt and pepper to
taste. Mix well and put Into a but
tered baking dish to bake 15 minutes.
Cover the top with buttered crumbs
before putting into the oven.
Raisin Pie de Luxe. Stew together
a cupful of raisins, a quarter of a cup
ful of currants (dried), in a pint of
apricot juice. Add three tablespoon
fuls of butter, two egg yolks, a table
spoonful of lemon Juice, and sugar to
taste; cook until well blended. Put
Into a shell previously baked and cover
with the whites of twoeggs beaten
stiff with three tablespoonfuls of sugar.
A "tablespoonful or two of oil pickles
chopped fine and used as a sandwich
filling will be found most appetizing.
Emergency Soup. Take a can of
salmon, drain off the oil and rub the
fish through a sieve. Add 1 tea
spoonfuls of salt to a quart of milk,
stir In the fish and four tablespoonfuls
of flour that has been blended with
two tablespoonfuls of oil from the can ;
cook' 'until smooth and serve with a
dash of red pepper and a sprinkling of
minced parsley on the top of each
cup. Serve with toasted crackers.
Add a small green pepper finely
chopped to any salad dressing; it im
proves the flavor.
Steel Plates.
"Johnt" said Mrs. Jenkins, looking
up from the evening paper, "you know
how many dishes Kate has broken
lately?" "Yes," said John, "what of it?"
"Well," continued the lady, "there is
something in the paper about the gov
ernment and steel plates. I don't know
just what the; are, but I should think
they might be indestructible."
The Eternal Feminine.
Tramp Yes'm, I wuz nominated fer
president once on de Socialist ticket
Suffragette And was you elected?
As early as the sixteenth century
Brazil was producing sugar commer-
IS
HOW TO RAISE RASPBERRIES
Pruning and Training Varies Accord
ing to Different Types Canes
' Are Biennial.
(From the United States Department of
Agriculture.) '
The best system of training and
pruning the different types' of raspbtr
ries depends largely upon their man
ner of growth. All types serrl up
shoots called "turions" from the lead
er buds which usually are formed at
the base of old canes. Sometimes only
one such bud is produced on each
cane, but usually at least two are
formed, and sometimes three or more
appear. Thus, if two canes grew the
first year after planting andach pro
duced two buds, four canes would ap
pear the second year, eight canes
would be formed the third year, and
by the fourth year there would be 16
canes. However, some of the buds
do not start, and many of those that
do start make weak canes, so that
1 j i
X l A
ViWi
Field of Cuthbert Raspberries Under
Linear System of Culture Twa
Wires, One on Each Side, Hold
Canes Erect.
when plants are in bearing about the
same rfumber of strong canes are pro
duced the first year after the planta
tion comes into full bearing as during
each of the following years.
The new shoots of all types of rasp
berries complete their development ia
size the first season. The second sea
son small side branches are sent out
on which the fruit is borne. As soon
as the berries ripen the cane dies and
Is cut out. Thus the canes are bien
nial, that Is, thfy live for part of two
years ; and the roots are perennial,
living for many years! A few varie
ties of red raspberries, among which
is the Ranere, bear fruit on the tips
of the new canes in the summer and
autumn of their first year of growth.
Such tips die back, and the parts of
the cane which have not fruited bear
the, following summer.
The system of training and pruning
varies not only with the type of rasp
berry, but also with the vigor and na
ture of the variety, with climatic con
ditions, with the cost of materials,
and with the preference of the grower.
Thus, the Ranere red raspberry makes
a dense growth of comparatively slen
der canes, while others, like the Marl
boro and Ruby, make fewer canes,
which are much stouter and more
erect. The Ranere is not a tall-growing
variety.
Under the hill system, the plants
should be set about 5 feet apart each
way. A stake 2 to 4 inches in diam
eter should be driven Into the ground
beside each plant when it Is one year
old, and the canes tied twice to each
stake, once about half-way up and
again at the top of the stake. Fire to
seven canes should be left to each
plant, the others being cut out. Ordi
narily no pruning of the tips Is need
ed. The canes of this variety grow
fairly tall and the shakes In this case
are about fi feet above ground. Oth
er varieties have shorter canes and
the stakes should correspond to their
height. Varieties like the Marlboro,
Ruby and Perfection may be grown
under this system easier than those
which make a rank growth of suckers,
as does the Ranere.
Where the canes are stout and from
3 to 5 feet tall, growers often allow
a solid row or hedge 2 to 3 feet wide
to form, as shown In figure 13. This
system is very common over all the
eastern United States and Is adapted
to such short-caned varieties as the
King. Marlboro, Herbert and Ruby. A
modification of this system Is used ex
tensively In New Jersey In growing
the Ranere. The canes of the Ranere
are comparatively slender, , and In
early spring growers cut the tops bacfc
with hedge shears so that they can
support the crop In an erect position.
The linear system, which differs
from the hedge system In that no
suckers are allowed to grow, seems to
be becoming more popular' -and is to
be preferred .to any other In some
sections. Tt Is coming to be used very
commonly In training, raspberries In
all parts of the United States where
varieties are grown which have strong
erect canes, and It Is the only system
used to any extent in the state of
Washington. The simplest form of
this system Is that used where the
rnno n ro etrmt mnA mYinrt mrui wfTl
hold an erect position when bearing a
fnll croD of fmlt.