' ; ; : : !V:r "::
i -
POLK COUNTY NEWS, TRYON, N. C.
and
BREEDS OF GEESE
ANDARD
Should Be Selected for Size,
... Vitalitv Tou-
prolificacy
louse Is Largest.
, h.. the rnuoa ciaies uepturv
are ment of Afi-iculture.)
merit
order to
obtain- best results m
they should, ne selected
-i .l.'j ri 2
..-riff
. niit i-u-v. anu vuaiuy. dia.
size, i
have been admitted
,1 i
Us ot
1. 1. l! f nun -
. :,.. n srnii (mill ui Dfiiec-
lv Toulouse, Embden, Chi
r . ,,jMn Wild or Canadian, and
P1 t- Mitinn to thp" stand-
jrjitlan.. ow" "
Toulouse Gander.
U breeds there is the so-called Mon-
el goose, which is a hybrid made by
tossing "one of these varieties, or t(he
lamon goose, with wild geese.
rosses of the varieties of geese, espe-
tally of the Toulouse and Embden,
e occasionally made, but without any
ipparent gain. The Toulouse, Emb-
en, Cflmese, and African are easily
fce most popular breeds of geese in
iis country, the first two greatly leqd-
g the other breeds. All economic
reeds of eeese are kept primarily for
e production of flesh and feathers ;
lad although their eggs are occaslon-
lly used for culinary purposes on the-
arm, there is no demand for them for
'ool purposes in the markets.
The Toulouse, the largest of the
'andard breeds of geese, is a good
yer, producing from 20 to 35 eggs a
par, is docile, grows rapidly, and
akes a good market bird. However,
s dark pinfeathers make it a slightly
fcs attractive market goose than the
mien.
The Embden, a large white goose.
Rightly smaller and with somewhat
Ponger legs than the Toulouse, is only
fair layer and is usually less prolific
than the Toulouse. This breed has
pite pin feathers, is a rapid grow
er, and matures early.
The African, a grav eoose with a
tdisrinct brown shade, about the size
e Embden, is a good la.ver and
cakes a good market goose, although
jt has the obieetionnhl dnrk nln
feathers. It is a rapid grower and
matures early.
ihere are two srnndnrd vnrieries
f Chirese geese, thp Brown nnd rh
tthite. Both VQHDtf ia i-rfitrrk AQrltr
'uivilV.O liiaiUlC VCLIAJI
are said to be prolific layers and
raPid growers, hnt fihv nnrl rnfhon tUt.
ficlt to handle.
The wild goose is hrpd tn snmp wr.
teJt in captivity, and the young are
'u 10 Hunters to iisp ns rWnvs Thfi
wili gander is nspd tn rrnss with
nmer the common or the purebred
f se, producing the so-called Mongrel
gjose.. This Mongrel goose is highly
as a market goose, but is sterile
ihe ELrVTltion rr (n r.r.ll
""PUT CO
lored goose, kept for orna-
Cental
pur poses and rarely seen in
.tbii
0 UJUntry. Tt rpsemhloa tho wllrt
L , in shaPe and weighs two t-ounds
Jesia each class.
'NCREASE IN POULTRY URGED
p
0r Policy for Novices to Begin on
Large Scale Quite Likely to -Lead
to Failure.
-P-red by the United States Depart-
Kent of Agriculture.)
1 t -.fhrmlil i, u t j it.i
ir "c '-"'me m imnu mat an
not f 1 (; 'n roultry Production is sought
tL , this year alone, but for the en-
- 'Uir.at i(ir. rf V.s Y- (c -.s-
(nee nvices without experl-
lar (n;;a:re In poultry keeping on a
Pore That is recognized as a
lib! I ''!Uy at any tirne and Is more
W tU kac5 to failur and eventual
rien'ease tilaii to a steady and perraa-
Ur "f' in production. What is
Poult' " 1liatthase who are already
Poss growtirs to some extent and
necKSS'the lhformation arid ability
BtoctSary successfully to Increase their
an(1 Production should do so.
Beginning With Poultry.
In
"'e Deglnner hnR hnrl ATnorlcmot
to Z u keePln& it will be all right
10 Purchase .
tin th s start witn set-
mem. .Otherwise he should begin
i the fowls
knowi T 8 and thus Saln fiome
tternnM e ot car!n for Ponltry before
Pttng.to raise chickens
KITCHEN
CABINET
WT .
bUghS touched
But every year they grew -
And nearer to the blue.
MORE COOLING DRINKS.
For drinks that are both nourishing
refreshingly cool, egg lemonade is "
probably the most :
popular. Make the i
lemonade in the
usual way, add a
beater egg and
serve, well iced,
not forgetting a
pinch of salt to re
move the flat taste
.of the egg.
Koumis. Koumis is another food
drink which is most wholesome. It
was originally made in Arabia from
mare's milk, but is commonly made by
using cow's milk. It Is most easily di
gested; often a weak stomach which
cannot digest any other food will re
tain koumis. To make it heat a quart
of milk to 70 degrees or lukewarm,
add a third of a yeast cake dissolved
in one and a half tablespoonfute of
water, add two tablespoonfuls of su
gar; place in bottles after mixing well
and tie down the cooks. Let stand ten
hours in a warm place for the yeast to
grow and cause fermentation, then
place on ice to check it.
Mint Cup. Express the juice from
five lemons, using a glass squeezer;
add the leaves from a dozen stalks of
mint, one and a half cupfuls of sugar
or honey and a half cupful of water;
coyer and let stand 30 minutes. Just
before serving pour Into a pitcher over
a large piece of ice and add three bot
tles of chilled ginger ale. Put a sprig
of mint in each glass when serving.
Pineapple Lemonade. Make a syrup
by boiling together one cupful of sugar
and two cupfuls of water for ten min
utes; add the juice of three lemons
and a ca'n of grated pineapple ; cool,
strain and add a quart of ice water.
Raspberry shrub makes a most de
licious drink; add a tablespoonful of
the shrub to a glass of ice water to
serve it.
Fruit beverages are cooling and
slightly stimulating ; as there Is no lim
it to the variety of combinations one
may always have something different.
Iced Tea. To make tea that is pal-
atable prepare the tea, scalding the pot '
and pouring fresh boiled water over
the leaves, using a tablespoonful to a
pint of water; strain over ice and chill.
Serve as 'soon as cold enough with a
bit of lemon, a cube of sugar and a
sprig of mint.
And see how everywhere
LoVe comforts, strengthens, helps
and saves ua all;
What opportunities of good befall
To make life sweet and fair.
GOODvTHINGS FOR EVERYBODY.
When you want a new combination
try the following:
Holland Salad. Mix
half a pound of bologna
sausage cut very thin
with a pint of cold boiled
potatoes, also thinly
sliced, one medium sized
onion finely shredded, six
sardines freed from skin
and bones : then cut In
bits two hard cooked eggs sliced. Pour
over three parts of oil and one of vine-
gar, a teaspoonful of horseradish, and -
a tablespoonful of tomato catsup; salt
and red pepper to taste. Serve on let-
trice. '
Dainty Croquettes. Mix a cupful of
boiled calf's liver, finely chopped, '
with a hall cupful of bacon, also finely
chopped and cooked crisp and brown;
add salt and pepper, form Into balls,
dip In egg and crumbs and fry in hot
fat.
Fish Souffle. Force cooked fish of
any kind through a sieve there should
be a quarter of a cupful. Cook a
fourth of a cupful of bread crumbs
with a third of a cupful of milk five
minutes, add the fish and half a table
spoonful of butter, salt and paprika
to taste. Beat the white of a' small
egg and add to the mixture. Turn Into
a buttered mold and bake in hot water
until firm. Serve with a white or any
desired sauce. This amount matces a
small dish sufficient for two. it can be
doubled for a larger family.
Marmalade Pudding. Mix a cupful
of barley flour with the same amount
of stale bread crumbs and a cupful of
suet chopped fine; add one beaten egg.
a half teaspoonful of salt, and a cupful
of marmalade. Turn into-a buttered
bowl, tie up in a cloth and steam
three hours. Serve with a hard sauce.
A thick slice of tomato covered with
chopped onion and Cucumber and serv
ed with French dressing is both a good
ana a pretty salad.
Fx'ash may be made into balls or
cakes, rolled in crumbs and browned
making a most tasty dish with little
work.
Japan's New Paper Currency.
- Two recent steps taken by the Japa
nese government illustrate the difficul
ties attendant upon the use of subsid
iary coin whose metal value is close to
Its mint value. Announcement has been
made that paper fractional currency
would be Issued. The new notes are
exchangeable for regular bank notes
and are legal tender up to 10 yen
($4.G8). Japan has annouced three
nHTos fnr the best designs submitted
for a new silver 50-sen piece (24i)
cents). The new coin is to be mate
rially smaller than the one now In circulation.
i s x itr si s , ; IS 53JftV
One of the Older
C
I OMPAR ATIVELY few foreign
ers see interior regions of Peru
today; but a majority of those
who voyage up and down the
Pacific pay brief visits to Lima, the
City of the Kings. It is located in an
undulating valley which extends in
land from the ocean for 50 miles or
more to the foothills of the Andes, al
though numerous mountain spurs rise,
here and there about the valley, two
of which, San Cristobal and San Jeron
imo, dominate the city of Lima.
Through this valley the River Rimac
winds its way to the sea at Callao,
starting from rivulets at least 17,000
feet high amid the eternal snows of
the mountains. Nearly four centuries
have passed since Pizarro laid the
foundation stones of the cathedral on
a central plaza known today as Plaza
Mayor. Around and in the vicinity of
this level area the new capital began
to grow. Pizarro's idea, according to
historians, wras to found a capital more
i easily accessible than the cities con
structed by the Incas and their pre-
ecessors, who builded far inland and
In localities difficult to reach.
The Rimac flows directly through
Lima, the larger city development be
ing on the southern side of the stream,
writes William A. Reid in the Bulletin
of the Pan-American Union. The lat
ter is spanned by several bridges over
which passes a constant traffic. Lima,
with its 200,000 population today, has
been a long time growing to present
proportions. In shape the city was
originally more or less that of a giant
triangle, the hypotenuse of which was
formed by the Rimac. Pizarro be
stowed the name of City of the Kings
upon the place as a token of honor on
behalf of his royal benefactors; but
gradually the native title seems to
have become more and more popular.
The name Lima is derived from that
of the river, the legendary word Rimac
meaning "one who speaks."
Historical Plaza Mayor.
If you go sightseeing in Lima the
start should be made from the Plaza
Mayor, a section of the city from
which every kind of activity radiates
today as in the past. This popular
meeting ground comprises several
acres, and so historical If not hallowed
Is every foot of space that one is lost
in meditation in endeavoring to picture
the countless epoch-making scenes
that have- transpired there. On one
side of this plaza stands the massive
cathedral with its twin towers, the
foundation stones of which Pizarro
himself is credited with laying. Near by
is the site of the house In which the
conqqeror breathed his last as the as
sassin struck the death blow. Within
the cathedral today the mummy of
Pizarro lies, a shriveled but well-preserved
figure, the sight of which causes
silent reverence, whatever may have
been the character of Jhe man or the
causes he espoused.
Occupying the' entire north side of
this Plaza Mayor is the historical pal
ace, a massive but typically low struc
ture with various courts, halls, and
many rooms, w-hich formerly housed
the viceroys and their official families.
Today this edifice is used for govern
ment purposes. With its uniformed
sentinels always on duty it bears a
military aspect, the daily guard mount
being especially interesting to the
stranger. The other sides of the Plaza
Mayor are occupied today by the city
hall and by business edifices, the lower
floors of which serve as shops, restau
rants, etc., while the upper stories are
utilized by clubs or as private apart
ments. The Plaza Mayor is one of Lima's
most animated sights day and night
From here the electric cars radiate to
every part of the city; here one finds
carriages and motor cars for pleasure
or for business; amid the beautiful
flowers and foliage those who have lei
sure sit and read the news of the day
or listen to the music of the bands
which often enliven the evenings; the
cathedral and the post office near by
draw the citizens by thousands, and
all are passing and repassing over a
plaza so ancient and yet so modern ; it
is also the site from which the proc
lamation of Peruvian. independence
was read to th throng on July 28, 1821,
'he anniversary of which is celebrated
each year.
A short distance away standing on
mother attractive plaza know as Boli
the Qiy of
Streets of Lima.
var, we find the two buildings which
house the Peruvian congress.! Espe
cially historic is the senate chamber
wunin me ancient inquisition building.
Famous Torre-Tagle Mansion.
A majority of the older residences
of Lima are the typical one-story, struc
tures, and usually a court is ' one of
the leading features. Opening on this
court are the various living, sleeping
and other apartments; while tlie court
itself is adorned with growing plants,
flowers, and often a small tree'or two.
Birds, parrots, and other pets are also
numerous. Barred windows and bal
conies are always In evidence.
Many Lima homes of the- better
classes kre two-story structures, and
In such cases the balcony overhanging
the street offers the family a fine point
from which to view the life of the
street when tired of the courtyard and
its seclusion. One Of the finest types
of this home is the famous Torre-Tagle
mansion. Almost a fortress in appear
ance as one enters the great stone wall
leading from the street, but when with
in the courtyards (there are Several),
the outer doors closed, a veritable and
secluded palace presents itself with
enough luxurious surroundings to make
even a king envious. It was? built in
the days of the viceroys and-- nothing
seems to have been forgotten as re
gards comfort and convenience of those
early times, even to the private chapel
opening on one of the counts. The
carved mahogany balconies .overlook
ing the street are also works of art
and patient toil. ' '
Peru's capital is the home.; of a na
tional museum, one of the wood's most ,
interesting institutions of tMk nature. )
It shares with that of Cairp In dls- j
playing to modern peoples .various in-
cidents of life and activity of by-gone
races. !
-
Many Pleasure Resors,
The resorts and pleasure fparks of
the capital are numerous, $nd there j
v . .
are modern electric lines for. reacning
them from the heart of the cjy. Chor
rillos, Barranco, Miraflores. la Punta,
etc., offer those who rove thjjp sea fine
opportunities for boating orf bathing;
and, indeed, a large numberpf people
maintain their permanent ihomes on
or near the Bay of Chorrillos, famous
for its regattas and othe aquatic
sports. On the other hand, when the
fogs and mist of winter overhang the
coastal region many citizens of the cap
ital find the sunny climate of Chosica
especially appealing; the latter resort
lies some 30 miles inland in the An
dean foothills and directly on the
In 1870 an exposition was held in
Lima, and naturally a number of new
buildings were constructed In order to
provide for exhibits and throngs of
people. The name of Exposition park
seems to have become definitely fixed
upon this suburb, and today we find
that many of the people of wealth and
influence have established their homes
In that part of Lima. The park itself
covers about 30 acres, and; s laid out j
in beautiful walks, artificial lakes,
grottoes, flower gardens, and other at
tractive features. Within the park is
also located one of the finest restau
rants in the whole city, and it is here
in season that many of the exclusive
society folk spend the evenings, sur
rounded by tropical plants and flowers
and charmed by the beautiful strains
of the orchestral music, a feature of
Lima life. ,: "
, In front of this park the most beau-
tiful avenue of tne capital, Known.as
Paseo Colon, has been constructed. It
... . . t
is nearly a mile long, is 10 feet wide,
one end of which terminates at tne
now circle or Plaza Bofegnesl. On
either side of this avenue Spany- costly
residences havebeen built along the
middle avenue from end to end ex
tends a border of flowers; and at in
tervals stand monuments Representing
the heroes of Peruvian history. A
number of arches are studded with
electric bulbs, which render, the whole
avenue especially attractive at night.
In Fond Remembrance.
"His last words were of ; you."
The prodigal son-in-law tried to feel
as solemn as he looked. ,
"Might I inquire what tjhey were?"
You might. He said if he could
get one good biff at you he would die
happy" 7.
Modi
SELECTION OF ORCHARD SITE
Great Importance Is Attached to Fa
vorable Location Peaches Favor
Light Soils.
(Irepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
Tnn mnch pmnhacis nonnnt ha
"f ' rlnor? nnnn a cnitnkla l-alr
and site of the peach orchard,
because a faulty choice of either
may bo fatal to future financial
success. Some mistakes in
planning -an orchard may be
overcome as the trees develop,
but a poor location or site can
not be changed.
- It is the current opinion that the
peach should be planted on sandy or
some of the lighter types of soil. Ex
cellent results may follow the plant
ing of orchards on such soils, but
peaches do well also on a wide range
of soil types, including even some of
the moderately heavy clay loams and
clays. But whatever the type, a soil
must be thoroughly well drained.
Peaches will not succeed on poorly
mtnori cniis
The heavy clay types
which are so hard and impervious that
water does not percolate through them
readily are to be avoided. Moreover,
the soil should be moderately fertile.
One very rich in nitrogen is not desir
able as a general rule, since it may
induce an excessive growth of foliage.
Where alkali soils occur, they should
be avoided. While the peach tree
can be grown where there Is a limited
amount of the alkali salts, they cause
disaster if present in large quantities.
It is safer, therefore, to avoid them
as far as possible.
Generally a site that is elevated
considerably above the surrounding
areas Is to be preerred for a peach
orchard. Cold air settles to the low
er levels. For this reason- it Is often
colder at the lower elevations than it
is at higher points. The occurrence
of frost in low places when there Is
none on elevated areas is thus ex
plained. During the past few years
the importance of selecting relative-
. ..... , ,
.order to avoid the effects of unfavor
able temperatures has been em
phatically demonstrated in many dif
ferent parts of the country.
When an orchard has a site adjacent
to a body of water of sufficient size
and depth to have an appreciable in
fluence on the local climate, the im
portance of a relatively high elevation
largely disappears. Because water
warms up In the spring more slowly
than the atmosphere, it acts in effect
as a refrigerator, making the tern-
.".U'.-.V. -.v.-
: Typical Peach Orchard Site if Moun-
tainous District Ridges Which Are
Well-Drained Are Usually Admirably
Adapted for Peaches.
perature in its immediate' vicinity
colder than at points somewhat dis
tant from it. Vegetation within the
zone of this influence advances more
slowly in the spring than jt does out
side of that zone. The tendency is
for the blossoming of peach trees
within the zone to be delayed until
after the season of spring frosts is
past.
In the fall, frosts are delayed. . The
water, having absorbed much heat
during the summer, cools off In the
fall more slowly than the atmosphere
and tends to keep the temperature
within its zone of influence warmer
than it would otherwise be.
The slope factor is largely one of de
gree. Peach trees on a site having a
i yery gteep southern slope will usually
. M d the fruit witt ripen some
wha. earlier tnxm on a corresponding
nnrthorn sior.e. but where the differ-
r
ences in slope are only moderate their
relative influence on the time of blos
soming and ripening is' not very
marked.
Aside, from economic factors, tem
perature probably is the most decisive
limiting factor in the distribution of
commercial peach growing. Usually
the fruit buds are the first to suffer
injury. No absolute minimum temper
ature which the peach Is abte to with
stand without injury can be given..
The condition of he buds with regard
to their strength, vitality, and perfect
dormancy, the duration of the critical
temperature, the climatic conditions
following the cold period, perhaps the
amount of moisture in the air during
the period, and other factors all have
an influence-
DEHORNING CATTLE IS EASY
Operation Is Simple and Not Diffcaft
When Performed on Calves Four
to Ten Days Old.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
Dehorning cattle is almost universal
ly practiced by stockmen who raise
high-grade steers. Cattle without horn
are easier to handle, have an eqvI
chance at the feed trough when placed
in the feed lotsv are less dangerous to
attendants, and are more uniform fa
appearance. Also, they cannot gore
one another in the feed lot or in tran
sit to market, which causes greater
shrinkage in weight, Injures the sUa
for commercial purposes, and leaves
the flesh in a bruised condition, tlina
detracting from its value.
While there are many cruel ways of
performing this operation, one of Cut
simplest and easiest methods is to use
caustic, either soda or potash, on ttlfe
Cow in Dehorning Crate Ready for
Operation.
i . . . ,f . .
' obtain the best results, the canse
should be applied when the calf to
from four to ten days old. Clip the
hair from around the knobs where the
horns are developing. With a slights
moistened stick of .caustie, rub eacfe
horn alternately three or four feaes.
allowing it to dryeach time before ap
plying the next. Extreme care should
be taken not to have the stick so wet
that the solution from It will ran dowa
the side of the calf's head. To pre
vent the spread 6f the caustic, wMcfe
will cause sores oa the skin, apply
vaseline around the edge where the
hair has been clipped.
For older cattle, where the horns
have developed,; either saws or dip
pers should be used. It is best to use
the clipper on the young animals when
the horns arestill soft and tender
but with older: anwaals which have
hard, brittle horns the saw should be
used. While the operation can be per
, formed with clippers quicker and with
less pain, this instrument is liable tm
crush the bone in older animals, eaus
'. ing a wound that heals very slowly.
! Cattle should never b dehorned
during warm weather, spring being the
best time to perform the operation. If
j delayed too lohg in the season. Use
! wound may become infested witfe
; screw worms, and flies are very an
noying. Either coal tar or pine taur
applied to the wound will prevent fly
Injury. If screw worms appear in spite
of all precautions, they may he re
moved by saturating a piece el ab
sorbent cotton in chloroform and In
serting it into thejwound, or by pour
ing gasoline into the horn - cavities.
This kills the worms, which should
then be removed with a pair of pa
ceps.
In order to make a 'clean cat ana;
avoid trouble in performing the opera
tion, the animal's head shocM be
clapped or held in a firm position. For
this purpose dehorning chutes, the
front of which .consists of two stross
pieces which can be closed firmly on
either side of the cow's neck, are very
convenient.
COMFORTABLE PEN FOR HOGS
Always Provide Dry Sleeping Quarter
With Small Air Space Above Hat
Give Exercise.
Always give the pigs a dry place in
which to sleep. Do not allow carocJn
air space above the nest. Give an op
portunity for an abundance of exer
cise and a variety of feed. It Is prac
ticable to push them to popular mar
ket weights by the time they are
seven months of age. The gains are
made more cheaply before that time
than it is possible to make them after
that age. v
PORK BEST FOR OUR TROOPS
Great Supplies, of Bacon Vftust De
Transported to Boys in Khaki
at Front In France.
Pork can be transported more read-ily-and
economically to troops In the
field than cln any other meat. Great
supplies of bacon must go to the boy
in khaki at the front. Unless ahrstr
number of sows are bred, therarargg.
of meat we will require nesS
will not be available.
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