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POLK COUNTY NEWS, TRYON, N. C
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WHIP GRAFTING IS FAVORED
Mcthd Has Advantage of Being
Adrpted to Small Plants Can Be
Done During Winter.
(KM''1'
; ' V United States Department of
Agriculture.)
I jrniftinjj is the one almost
:.! used in root jrrafting. It
nlvantage of being Yeli atlapt
sMiall plants only one or two
i if ape, as well astlie other great
i. ration that it tan fee done in
iluring the comparative leisure
AM
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,,f v ;iucr.
! , ui aft is made by cutting the
cut vith a sharp knife, leaving about
tine, -fourths of an inch of cut sur
f ... l'lac' the knife about one-third
i!t in !aco, ai riyni audit's to ine cut,
.a. : i. 1 a ii.
it. huii: axis. Cut the lower end of
ilic s. ion in like manner, and when the
e.rA i- il il. . i.
iu,i Hii ui iuiut-u lugeiner me cut
surfaces will fit neatly together and
i! early cover the other if scion and
stock are of the same size. A difference
in (luiniouu vi uie iwo uuris 10 oe
"v - 1 1 fr? s .itam
unil ,l may be disregarded unless it be;cvpfuls of nii,k' two tablespoonfuls of
I
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Whip Grafting: a, the Stock; b, the
Scion; c, Stock and Scion United.
too :rrent. After the scion and stock
have been locked together they should
to wrapped with five or six turns ot
.waxed cotton to hold the parts firmly
together. -f
While top grafting may be done in
tlii way, it is in root grafting that the
whip ?raft finds its distinctive field.
When the roots are cut into lengths ot
two to five or six inches to be used as
stocks, the operation is known as piece
root grafting. Sometimes the entire
root is used.
The roots are dug and the scions
are ut in the fall and stored. The
work of grafting may be done during
the winter months. When the opera
Tien lias been performed, the grafts
i:rc packed away in moss, sawdust or
sand in a cool cellar to remain until
, spring. It is important that the place
f storage should be cool, else the
grafts may start into growth and be
mined, or heating ad rotting may oc
cur. If the temperature is kept low
not above 40 degrees F. there will be
no growth except callusing and the
knitting together. of stock and scion.
In ordinary propagation by means ot
whip -rafts, the scion is cut with about
three Imds, and the stock is nearly as
long as the scion. The graft is so
planted as to bring the union of stock
and v, j,,,, not verv far below the surface
of the ground ; but where the trees are
required to be especially hardy In or
'!er to stand severe winters, and the
roots used are "hot known to be so
hardy as the plants from which the
scions have been cut, a different plan
is adopted. The scions are cut much
longer jind the roots may be cut short
er, and the graft is planted so deep as
to cause mots tb issue from the lower
end of the scion. Yhen taken up to
set in the orchardthe original root
may he removed entirely, leaving noth
ing h i! the scion and the roots which
have i on put forth from it. This is
: coji,u,n practice in preparing nur
s,ry stock for planting in the north
fh pnn of the Mississippi valleyj
ATTENTION TO FRUIT TREES
Make Careful Inspection and Removfl
Ail Branches Broken by Storms
or Heavy. Crop.
lii1-;.
relink ,
krokel;
Clop ,,
' f arefully all fruit trees and
ny branches that have been
y summer storms or a heavy,
iniit. If only slightly broken
the;
'.v ii :;iv he nronned nn In such a waV
, t l
t g!-iw back together. If not re
lpoe lV sawing off 'right" up close to
' hody of the tree or, other
from which it comes.
'"ttticl
CAREFULLY PICK ALL APPLES
Each Specimen Should Be Placed Iri
casket, Box or Barrel So
Not to Bruise It.
as
In
TJSc
nen
Picking apples and other ffult,
Prcaf carp In nlnHne' aapH necl
0?irf fully in the baskets and box-
--.Io nj u uui iu uruisc
that picking baskets and field
UJPS nra t mv-' --il
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c Arum Bpiliitcio uw
i i- v i.4 ;t . . . v
Nine little sausages
Sizzling on a plate;
In' catne the boarders,
And then they were ate.
.' -Boston Transcript.
WHAT TO HAVE FOR BREAKFAST.
fill Si&
HE first niesy of the
day should be sim
ple, substantial
enough to suit the
various weeds of each
member of the fam
ily, and not too great
a burden upon the
cook. .v.
Ham Balls. Take
one cupful of finely
ham. one runfnl of
t
minced cooked
hread crumbs, two .cupfuls of cooked
potatoes mashed fine, two tablespoon
fwls of butter, two. eggs and a dash of
cayenne. Melt the butter and beat all
toother until tery. light. Shape into
small Hat cakes; dip in egg and cruir.bs
and fry brown. "
Baked Salt Mackerel. Freshen by
covering with cold water, skin side up.
and standing over night. '.-Change the
water a few times and unless very salt
this treatment will freshen it suffi
ciently. Put into n baking pan and
add boiling water. Cook in a hot oven
until the water in the pan is evapo
Vted; then add rich milk, and if the
fish is very ft it will need no further
seasoning. A fish lacking in fat is im
proved by adding bits of butter over
the fish while baking.
Date Gems. Take one cupful of
dfUes, seeded and chopped line, two
mt neii nutter, two teaspotifuls,of bak
ing powder, three cupfuls of Hour and
oik egg well beaten; mix the egg and
milk; sift the dry ingredients; add the
chopped dates and combine mixtures,
Kent hard and bake in well buttered
gem irons for 20 minutes.
Boiled Dinner Hash. The hash
made from the vegetables and meat
left over from the boiled dinner is
often -more popular than the original
dish. Chop all the vegetables, adding
some of the broth which was saved;
chop The meat, adding a small portion
of meat to a large one of vegetables.
Season with salt and pepper if need
ed, and heat quickly in a hot frying
pan. "
Fried Cormeal Mush. When mak
ing mush to eat with milk for a sup
per dish, prepare a double portion so
that it may be sliced and fried, as It
makes a most api'etizing breakfast
dish with a slice or two of well-cooked
bacon.
Cornish Pie. Pare and slice six
medium-sized apples and one onion,
add one and a half cupfuls of cold
lamb or mutton and a cupful of the
stftck or gravy. Put all together and
simmer until the apples are soft. Tut
into a greased baking dish, cover with
a rich biscuit dough and bake until
the crust is brown. - J
A true friend embraces our objects
as his own. We feel another mind bent
on the same end, enjoying it, insuring
It, reflecting it.
A FEW GOOD CHOWDERS.
Oint cook, if she hai
not in her repertoire
a list of chowders; is
.missing one of the
best of dishes for
your family. When It
is impossible to get
fish or shellfish the
following makes a
fair substitute:
Corn Chowder.
.CtiaiKAji War Grdi 1
Fry brown with a large sliced onion
one-quarter of a pound of salt pork cut
into dice. Cut from the cob enough
sweet corn to make a quart and boil
the cobs iji water to cover 20 minutes.
Put the corn into a kettle with the
pork, onion, two cupfuls of diced or
sliced raw potatoes, two cupfuls of
tomatoes, sprinkling each layer with
flour, pepper and salt. Strain the wa
ter from the cobs into the kettle and
simmer slowly until the vegetables are
done. Add two cupfuls of milk, two
tablespoonfuls " of butter ajid serve
boiling hot with crackers. The toma
toes may be omitted if the combination
is not liked, x .
Maryland Fish Chowder. Fry two
slices of salt pork and flfie large onion,
cut fine. Add four pounds of fish and
six large potatoes cut into dice. Cover
with cold water and simmer until the
potatoes and fish are cooked. Add one
quart of milk, a littte salt and pepper,
with two tablespoonfuls of butter to
season. Add six milk crackers which
have been split and soaked in hot milk.
Season with minced parsley and Wor
cestershire sauce.
Soft Clam Chowder. Tre in a mus
lin bag six allspice, six cloves and six
peppercorns. Fry brown with a sliced
onion and a quarter of a pound of
minimi salt nork. Add six sliced po
at. n can of tomatoes, the bag
of
spices, a pinch of red pepper and four
cupfuls of cold water. Simmer for
four hours. Add a, quart of soft shelled
clams, parboiled and chopped, five milk
crackers that have been split and
soaked in milk ; simmer for five min
utes and serve hot.
Creole Chowder. Fry brown in pork
ft-four large onions. Add five toma
toes four sweet green peppers, shred
ded' and two cupfuls of corn cut from
the'eob. Add boiling .water to cover.
Season with pepper, salt and sugar and
cook until the vegeta?les.are done...
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Twin Cuts, Phantom
THE Phantom Canyon highway
between Cripple Creek and
Canon Citj Colo., is now
open to travel, and as a re
sult Colorado offers to the motorist
another great circle trip through some
tf America's finest scenery. The
highway was formally dedicated on
August 30, when more than 500 motor
ists from Teller, Fremont, El Paso
and other Colorado counties gathered
at Glenbrook, a point midway between
Cripple Creek and Canmi City, and
participated in the ceremonies inci
dent to the opening of this road.
Pharftom Canon highway is unique
among the scenic roads of the Rocky
mountains, and its story is one of the
most interesting chapters In the his
tory of road building in Colorado. In
the early days of Cripple Creek, there
was built the Florence and Cripple
Creek railroad, a narrow-gauge line,
to carry the rich ores to the smelters
and to bring the fruit, hay and other
products of the fertile valleys to the
ruining camps high in the hills. As
time went on the need for this road
grew less and less, until finaJIy it Was
abandoned and dismantled. But the
need for communication between min
ing camp and agricultural valley Con-
The Narrows.
. .
tinued. Tho county commissioners of
Teller and Fremont counties were
equal to the occasion; with the. co-operation
of the state highway commis
sion they secured the right of way,
and then they set about to convert it
Into a rjcal highway.
Built on Old Railroad Line.
Probably $1,000,000 was the original
cost of building this roadbed, "miles of
which were cut and blasted from solid
granite. At an expense of $75,000, the
road builders have made of it a first
class motor highway, rebuilt and re
paired bridges, widened the roadbed
where necessary, -and generally puf
the 37 miles in ' excellent condition.
While the road is almost a continuous
curve, mile after mile, it is wide,
enough at most places for cars to pass
and ordinarily careful driving is all
that is necessary. It is built on a 4
per cent grade.
It is a wonderful ride from the
rnrid.fnmr.ns Crirmle Creek mining
district through Phantom. Canon to
Canon City and Florence. For the
first few miles out of Victor the road
stays on the top of the ridge, with
long-distance views of Pike's Vafc, the
Sangre de Christo and other snow
capped mountain ranges. Then it
loops its way down into the canyon.
Granite Walls and Deep Cuts.
Rugged granite walls stand like tow
ers of many ancient ruins. The road
winds along the base of these mighty
cliffs, often through great cuts be
tween high granite piles, occasionally
crossing the ravine on a solid steel
bridge and even piercing the moun
trin sides through tunnels blackened
in bygone days by the smoke of the
locomotive that no longer sounds its
shrill wMstle to the echo of the nar
row wVlls from which the canyon!
took its name. After a serpentine de
scent of 20 miles the road comes out
onto the broad plains and soon is
inakiug its way past great apple or
ch&rda and fertile fields to the twin
cities of Florence and Canon City.
Is Completion of this I high way
StcceJsiblvfrora Colorado Springs,
1 ii
vsT ill " SS H
Canon Highway.
equally as well from Canon City, Crip
ple Creek, Pueblo, Florence or Manl
fou, a circle trip of 135 miles, unri
valed either in ruggedness of scenery
or in variety of interest. This trip
completely encircles Pikes Peak, snow
capped "Sentinel of the Rockies;" it
traverses historic Ute pass; winds
through the world's greatest gold-min-inf
camp, and passes the dumps of the
greatest producing mines at Cripple
Creek, Victor and Goldfield; unfolds
the grandeur and rugged majesty of
Phantom 'Canon, unquestionably one
cf Colorado's finest gorges; connects
with the far-famed Sky-Line drive and :
the road to the top of the Royal gorge j
at Canyon City; passes through the !
great orchard section, the oil fields j
and the cement districts, and winds j
back to Colorado Springs through pine
forests and picturesque foothills
country. Or the wider circle may
well take in Pueblo, the "Pittsburgh
of the West," with its Immense steel
mills, and up the fertile Fountain val
ley to Colorado Springs.
USED ELECTRIC RAYS
Cleopatra's Court Physician Known to
Have Prescribed Them for Med
ical Purposes.
The electric ray Is a species of fish
found on the Pacific coast. It Irs
knovn from central California south
wacd to the Santa Barbara channel
and. is very common in Monterey
bay.
This fish is provided with an electric
organ composed of hexagonal cells,
reaching from the skin of the upper
surface to that of the lower, and situ
ated at each side of the head and gill
chambers. The electricity discharged
from this ray has the properties of
other electricity, such as rendering an
iron bar magnetic, decomposing chem-
i icals and producing a spark.
Stories vary as to the volume of
the discharge, but even a small ray
t! enrmhlo rvf InfUettnf ennsiflernhle
pain. After a few discharges the fish
becomes exhausted and must rest be
lts electric organs are again func
1. is of interest to note that the first
record we have of the application of
electricity Is of the time of Antouy
and Cleopatra, whose court physician
recommended the electricity of an elec-
, , '
niv. iu; iui iunm.ni pui waca, copcuar
ly for pains in the head. Later it was
prescribed for the cure of gout. Amer
ican Angler.
Gas Gets the Rats.
An enemy whose activities do not
figure in the official reports but against
which allied soldiers wage daily war
fare is the rat. Tens of thousands of
rats, huge, sharp-fanged fighters, have
dug themselves in among the billets
and trenches in France and Flanders
and they are a constant torment.
Thanks to modern medical science
there has been little or no disease
communicated by the rodents. Rats
multiply rapidly In the trenches and
thrive well. They steal the soldier's
rations, disturb his rest and spitefully
bite him when he offers resistance. The
pest Is hunted with ferrets, terriers,
poison and traps and when particu
larly numerous given a gas attack.
After the trenches are drenched with
gas they are generally clear of rats
for a long period.
Patriotic Honey Bees.
It is stated as a curious fact that
the honey bee is this sesison doing
more than its usual shnre in provid
ing a substitute for sugar. An East
side resident of Rochester, N. Y., who
has succeeded measurably In keeping
bees without undue annoyance to his
neighbors, reports that none of his
colonies have swarmed thus far this
season, and that they are producing
honey in great abundance. This is
cheerful news in view of the fact that
the English ration of two pound3 of
sugar per month for each person Is
now to be enforced in this country.
Disregarded.
Summer Boarder (slapping
cheek) And you hare a sign up,
his
mosquitoes.'
Farmer I know it, but the eon
sarned critters pay no more 'tentlon to
it than the gunners pay to the sign
tfo trespassifig'--Bostoti 'Evening
TYanscrlpt. ' - . - -
I
SELECT HOGS FOR BREEDING
Mlsmatlng Will Not Only Give Unsat
Isfactory Results, but Likely to
Discourage Beginner.
(Prepared by the United States Depart-.
, . merit of Agriculture.)
Influence "of the sow upon the off
spring is just as great as that of the
male. Mlsmating or a poor sow will
not only give unsatisfactory results in
breeding, but it wHl likely discourage
the beginning breeder..,, This latter
fact would be especially true of a youth
carrying on a home project with swine.
If possible, secure a pure-bred ani
mal of a good .strain. The forehead
should be broad, the throat clean and
trim, the neck moderately thin, the
shoulders smooth and deep, the back
wide and straight, the chest wide and
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'A Good Type of Brood Sow With Her
Family.
jdeep, sides straight and deep, the body
jlong and capaeious, pelvic region
;broad and well developed, legs straight
jand moderately short, and a generally
refined appearance; yet overrefinement
may indicate a delicate constitution.
If a number , of brood sows are to
be used they should be uniform in
type. This is necessary to secure a
uniform lot of pigs. It is very unsat
isfactory and unprofitable in breeding
to have litters of pigs varying in ap
pearance and lacking uniformity. To
insure a uniform result it is advisable
to select from a well-established strain
'of hogs.
As was indicated in the case of the
sow, both parents have practically the
same influence on the quality of the
offspring; however, the male has the
greater influence on the entire herd,
since every pig is sired by the male,
whereas all pigs do not have the same
dam.
While too much stress cannot be
placed on the importance of the sow,
if possible the male should be superior
to the sow. Regardless of the type of
the sow, a poor male should never be
used. j
Secure a pure-bred animal of a good
strain. The masculine characteristics
should be strongly developed, special
ly in the head and neck; the back
should be broad, straight and deeply ,
fleshed ; sides deep and long ; quarters '
well developed ; legs straight and 1
strong. The animal should stand-well
up on his toes. j J
Overrefined sows should be mated
to rather masculine males, and coarse
sows should be mated to males of
high quality indicated by fine bone,
skin, and hair. ,
IS HOG WALLOW DANGEROUS?
If Concrete Structures Are Built and
Kept Clean, They Have Ad
vantages. (Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
Some farmers favor hog wallows ;
others are strongly opposed to them.
Filthy hog wallows are a source of
danger. Hogs wallowing in or drink
ing contaminated water are likely to
contract disease. However, there are
many advantages to be derived from
wallows. A cool bath is very cool
ing to a hog during the hot weather.
It cleans the scurf from the skin and
protects the hogs from flies. Crude pe
troleum, sufficient to form a thin layer
on op of the water, may be poured
into the wallow about every ten days.
This will tend to keep the hogs free
from lice and other skin parasites. If
the skin becomes irritated from the
oil, its use should be discontinued.
Small quantities of coal-tar dip are
sometimes added to the water in hog
wallows, but there is- an element of
danger in this practice, as poisoning
may result from the absorption of
phenol by hogs which lie In the wal
low more or less continuously. '
On some of the larger hog farms
wallows are becoming popular. The
cement hog wallow should be located
in a shady place; and . made so as to
contain from eight to ten inches of wa
ter. A two-inch drain pipe, as recom
mended for the dipping vat, should be
placed in the nottom of the wallow to
permit its being cleaned out.
In many cases a fanner is not finan
cially able to build a hog wallow or a
dipping vat. If this be the case, the
dip, properly diluted, can be applied
with a spray pump or sprinkling can,
or else rubbed on every part of the
body by means of a brush or a swab
of cotton waste. -
Another method of controlling lice
is to tie gunny sacks or similar coarse
cloths around a post at a proper height,
so that the hogs may rub against tbem,
and saturate the sacks frequently with
crjd;petrceiun., , .
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QUALITY IS OF IMPORTANCE
American Standard Breed Are Good
Producers of Meat and Eggs
Farm Hens Are Small.
tFrom the United States Department of
Agriculture.)
Inasmuch as most farms hive al
ready some supply ; of poultry, the
problem Yor the farmer is one of In
crease and not, like that of tie. city
dweller who undertakes to keep hens
to. supply his own table with eggs, one
of securing the" "foundation stock.
Vhile the American standard hreeds
are, for general purposes, the best, it.
is not urged that they be made to
supplant other breeds where the oth
er breeds are established "and where
they can be produced with a fair de
gree of success and of ptofit. The
American standard breeds, bioadly
! speaking, are the larger breeds of
general-purpose fowl, gvod producers
of both meat and eggs, as dis linguished
from the small breeds that are spe
cialized egg producers. Farmers, and
farmers' wivefc who have built up their
own flocks, and know the peculiari
ties of their breed and how to -make
i the most of them will do best by
keeping the hens that they have, even
j though they be small and inferior a
j meat producers, instead of trying to
replace them with heavier ones.
In growing chicks, the quality the
vigoi, vitality and capacity for growth
Barred Plymouth Rock Female, Bre
at United States Government Farm.
that the chick has when it starts "in
life count for at least as much as good
conditions and good care.
Also, in growing stock for layers, it
is especially important at this time
when a large increase in meat prod
ucts is needed, to avoic1 breeding from
undersized specimens. Whatever may
be the facts as to the relative value of
large and small hens as layers, as that
question relates to standard breeds,
the question is irrelevant in this farm
poultry production campaign, for farm
hens are nearly all small according to
standards for improved breeds of
fowis.
The ordinary farm flock contains a
large proportion of hens quite unfit
for breeding having no quality which
it is desirable to reproduce. The eggs
from these should not be used for
hatching, but, as far as possible, eggi
used for hatching should be from the
best hens in the flock. To determine
how many of these are needed, an es
timate must be made, basing it upon
the usual hatchability of eggs, and the
probable length of the hatching sea
son. The ordinary average of hatches
extending over a period of several
months is about 70 per cent. If all
the chicks are hatched early the
length of the hatching season is about
six weeks, from the setting of the first
to the setting of the last hen used.
Allowing two weeks for saving eggs
before the first hens are set, the eggs
used for hatching must be laid within
eight weeks. Allowing for rejections
of small and defective eggs, provision
should be made for about 500 eggs in
eight weeks. This means a flock of
15 to 20 hens as breeders. Snch a
number of the best of the flock should
be separated from the rest.
As a matter of convenience It wiH
probably be more satisfactory inmost
cases to confine the culls and give the
portion of the farm flock used for
breeders the usual accommodations
and range. The culls may be slrtt in
small quarters without yard If neces
sary, while that Is not advisable for
breeding stock.
The next thing to consider is the
male. In many cases it will be to Ihe
advantage of farmers undertaking to
increase and improve their flocks to
buy standard males of general-purpose
breeds because of the additional size
and weight such males will give the
chicks, to say nothing of the probable
increase in egg production. From one
or two pounds exira weight can be
put on the chicks from ordinary farm
hens by using males of approximately
standard weight of Rhode Island Reds
and Wyandottes, Plymouth Rocks .and
Orpingtons.
Free Range Is Ideal.
.Free range is ideal, being conducive
to rapid and economical growth, with
feed material in the form of .grubs,
insects and green grass.
Good Feed for Start.
little chicks and little turkeys nsa-.
ally- do well if started on johnnycake,
tV v.
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