. . . : . - - ... ' ' -. . ' - ': . .' " " , t : -. ' : -. . , ..' v ..:; - .. .... . . , . - -
, polk cotjnt ws : -1 - , : : . ; V ' : -
mm
"V Nf
iROWING OF SMALL v-FRUITS
r -i - .. . - -. -..-1 .
ilackbernes and Raspberries Most De
sirable for Canning for Future
Consumption. '. ' "
The jrnnvinj? of raspberries s and
hK-kherries is not quite as easy a mat
fx the frrowing of. strawberries, nor
the fruit quite as popular. For use
the table tresn tne strawberry Is
r ana uuj ic ucm xrun gruwu,
i ., -- 4-V. . U . i. J. 1 .
;ut for canning 'for tuture consump-
Ion the raspberry and blackberry are
iuth to be preferred. For this: rea
lm no farmer should berwithout thena.
I Fruits are absolutely necessary for
he maintenance of good health. The
trmer who does not supply an abun
tmce for every dayof the year Is in-
sting sickness, with Its long train oi
Wpene, care, sorrow, and perhaps
Vath. ; .
I it i? true tenant farmers,. unless they
W a long tenure of the land, cannot
Vll afford to plant anything but straw-
krries. But men who live on their
n farms or 'have long , leases, can
ve no excuse for not growing all
asses of fruit suitable to the climate
which they live. If they do not It
pure negligence or Indifference to
le pleasure or health of those depend
ht upon them.
Raspberries, both black and red, can
h grown in abundance If care and
toper management are given, says a
riter in an exchange. Obtain plants
om the nursery. These are of only
few months' growth and ,a re simply
he tip ends of the old stocks which
si ve taken root In case of the blacks,
pd young sprouts In case- of the reds.
scarcely pays to attempt' to reset
d stalks. The new ones do not cost
uch and are the dnly ones safe to
ant.
Put them in rows six or seven feet
part and two feet in the' row. You
,111 begin to get fruit the second year
pd they are good for eight or ten
an. v - -..j ; s ,
As the young shoots come up nip.off
e end with the fingers at the height
15 tn7S inches. ' This causes them
branch, supplying more bearing
pod. In field culture it is not cus
inary to support the bushes In any
y, hut where growing In a small
y it is not only feasible, but quite
advantage In many ways to have
Sports. Some tie them to stakes,
pers hold them un bv ' wooden
mes. One of the best ways is to
a post about every 20 feet In the
v. ail to this cross arms about
feet long, and then run wires con-
pting the ends of the cross arms.
lese cross arms should be 2"A to 3
ft from the ground. The bushes can
tied to these wires.
JAfter the fruit is picked the ' old
bod should all be cut out and burned.
bears but one year. The new growth
1 bear next year. The object of
Support for Bush Fruits.
rnmg at once is to get rid of any
Pgous diseases or Injurious Insects
ft the old bushes are likely to har-
7.
or best results the ground around
bushes should be well mulched
n straw manure everv vear ' This
Plies fertility and retains moisture:
ne varieties of black rasnberries
t are now popular in Illinois : and
er northern states are the Plum.
ro,'r a"d the Cumberland." Of the.
raspberries the ld rpllabie Cuth-'
t leads. Ofhpr trttnA nnoo'aro fho
apn and King. The St. Reels ever-
Jnng has been widely advertised, but
pe.yet to see anyone who" has had'
V 'cess with it.
me grown anu careu mr
rh th-e-same as rasnberries. How-
r, they are much more susceDtible
!lnwry from cold and drought The
r is really the only blackberry
11 nas withstood the winters -of
,utni illinois. and pvpti that is fre-
fntly injured. Heavv mnlchinsr wlU
V! throu?h dry spells and mature
J t that woufd be of little value with-
it.
SENATE OF LIME AS SPRAY
J Be Used in All Situations Where
ar,s Green Has Been Employed
for Pome Fruit.
Pared by the United States Depart-
Tlfi. inent of Agriculture.)
'xPeriments thnx fdr mode, hv thP
Pu of entomology, United ..States
pnment of njrHriilfr.ro Inr1trn
arsenate of lime may be used In
'luations where parts green has
''pioyed, and that for pome
Jits
vapple. near. miirwo- If wll
4
jj. v 1 .
'."viwi j ouuauiuic j-w
nate of lend tho
S rnilPh oKava tinMAnl ntKnr
rj wth lime or fungicides contain ;
J l,VI
i Li I
.i. slender, "acquaintance ' with the
world must, convince every man that
actions, not words, are the true cri
terion of : the i attachment of friends;
" that the most liberal professions of
gootJ will are very far from being the
surestmarks of it. George Washing-
. ton..- .;. ,;
WHOLESOME FOOD FOR THE
FAMILY.
' For the Sunday morning breakfast
there is nothing more appetizing on
crisp winter days
t h a n mackere'.
Soak, the salt mac
kerel skin side up
in ai large pan of
water, changing
the water often.
Add a tablespoon-
ful of .vinecar to
the water and let stand over night.
in the morning drain v well and place
in a baking dish skin side down, cover
with a half cup of boiling water and
when that! has: ail evaporated add a
pint of cream or rich milk: bake un
til it is. partly absorbed and serve as
a sauce with the fish.
Breast of Veal. Take a three-
pound breast of veal, make a pocket
for the stuffing and v fill with one cup
of chopped onions, one cup of finely
cnoppeu celery fried in a little fat
until soft; add two cupfuls of mashed
potatoes, one teaspoonful of poultry
aressing, one teaspoonful of paprika
x in tne pocket and sew it up with
string. Rub the veal with plenty of
fat salt and pepper it well and dredge
with a quarter of a cup of flour. Place
In a baking pan and sear over In a
hot oven. Haste often, using a little
hot water at first. Bake one hour.
Cranberry RollRoll out a rich
biscuit dough and spread with chopped
cranberries. Roll up and place In a
baking pan. Cover with one cupful
each of boiling water and sugar, add
a. tablespoonful of butter and bake
111 f) TnnA1nta nvn nnA Kvrn
.Beef and -Corn Pudding. Drain a
can of corn, reserving the liquor for
soup. Put a pound of round steak
through the grinder. Brown a table
spoonful of - fat with a teaspoonful
or minced onion, cook and stir in
one tablespoonful of flour." Add one
cup of beef stock, salt and paprika
to taste. Put the meat in layers in
a baking dish with the corn, sprinkle
with salt and paprika and moisten
with the sauce. Sprinkle with but
tered A crumbs and bake a half hour,
covered, then ' brown 'for twenty rain
utes. .v'-A-.-v
Life is worth while. Its work is not
useless. Its Joys are not superficial. Its
discipline is not unnecessary. When
disappointments vne face them
cheerfully..
ECONOMICAL DISHES.
Milk as. a food is one,' of thef great
est importance. AVe are : told ' that a
( ivV: quart of milk, should be
11RO1 flntlv -ffti-'ftnnV mom.
ber of the family before
any meat' Is purchased.
In thousands of, homes
where there are little
children, milk, because
it has Increased in price,
has been cut down to
barely a pint per family.
while meat which , Is considered such
a necessity is bought regardless of
price.' Milk, even at 15 cents a quart,
Is the cheapest protein food we; can
buy. Skim milk, which sells for half
the price of whole milk, makes a
most wholesome food and may be
used In hundreds of dishes in which
the whole . milk was thought neces
sary. It is both unwise ' and false
economy to save on milk and spend
It on meat and more expensive . pro
tein produc ts. ,
Dates at the present moment are
not cheap and are not economical to
buy often, at 50 or 60 cents a pound,
but before Jong they may get. back
to the old price or near it and we will
then feel that we can indulge In them
with impunity. . .
Dafe Pudding. Stone a pound of
dates and lay them in a baking dish.
Cover with milk and let stand an hour
or two. Then bake in a slovf oven,
Jetting the dish stand In a dish
of hot water. Serve either, hot
or : cold. An ? egg for each cup of
milk and a bit of salt and flavoring:
may be x added, making a custari and
U aicJl Willi uif re Lounsuraeni. ;
Fruit Rice Pudding.- Take three-
fou?ts of a cup of uncooked rice,
toyu tart apples, one-half cup of rais
ins, three-f purths of a cup of syrup,
one-half teaspoonful of "cinnamon, one-
third of a teaspoonful of nutmeg, and
the Juice and rind of a lemon. Wash
the rice, add tfiie apples pared and
quartered to the rice with three cup
fuls of boiling water; add a half
teaspoonful of salt and cook until the
apples are done; add" theremaining
ingredients and cook until the rice is
lender ' Serve with a thin custard
for sauce. Or the cooked mixture
may be put into a baking, disk and
topped ; with a meringue and browned
iv-i the oven.
To save crumbs put them In a con
tainer o they will dry and not mold.
Dry bread carefully In the oven, then
roll it with a rolling pin. Do not al
low too much to accumulate. Bread
crumbs may . be. used' to! save flour,
using one; cupful of crumbs" to dis
place a cupful of flour. Never a sub
stitute : more than one-half of the
aour. -
SJL. i
II" : "' ' y. !. . Mi (Conducted by NaUonal Council of the , 1
111 r-v - .j. ' - - r , . . . ' , , ' Ill - . -.: I
1
Bridge on , Rubino
SIATIC RUSSIA, extending
from the Ural mountains to
the Pacific ocean, stretches
through SO decrees of lonai-
mde, and has an area of 6,500,000
iquare miles. The colonization of Si
beria by emigration from Russia re
quired a movement of population
which would be facilitated by the
opening of roads for wagon transport
It was in 1722 that the town of
-Ekaterinburg was founded, andin 1763
plans were made for projecting a roajl
toward Tluinen and thence' across tte
Siberian steppes. The route follow
was that of the present Siberian rail
way. Work was delayed for some
years by changes of government, but
the road was finally completed alone
the line proposed.
Over "this main y Siberian highway
passed thousands of colonists, man v of
them political exiles from. Russia, oth
ers Cossack soldiers directed to take
up their residence along the main Si
berian route for the purpose of mili
tary protection, says a writer in
Magazine, Russia. The' road formed
a main line , of connection between
scattered settlements of natives of
various races, - who had nrevlouslv
made' limited use of trails arid rivers
for Intercourse with each other, and
for commerce with the world outside.
It formed, the -only route by which the
Interior of Siberia could be reached
from east or west ; while the only oth
er routes were the caravan trails
across the mountains and deserts to
the south, and the difilcult passages
of the Kara sea into the mouths of
the Ob and Yenesei rivers.
The SlbFrsky-Trakt.
Of the main highways used as cos
tal routes, the principal" road is the
famous Sibirsky-Trakt, over ,4,000
miles long, following, as has been said,
the same route as the Trans-Siberian
railway. Most of this road could be
covered easily by vehicle, except in
the . stretch between Sretensk and
Khabarovsk. Between those towns
about 570 miles of road can be made
by vehicle, while the rest. 660 miles.
is covered by a pack-horse trail over
the mountains, giving an alternative
route to the river Shllka. The trail is
used through the fall and spring only,
wmie the river serves for boat trans
port In summer, and sledge transport
over the Ice in winter. The portion
of the route between the river Shilkn
and Khabarovsk Is called the Amur
Highway.
Another Important main hiehwav is
the Irkutsk-Yakutsk Trakt, 1,840 miles
On a Siberian
in length, of which 250 miles are pass
able by vehicle. The remainder of the
distance is covered by the river Lena.
in summer by boat and in winter over
the ice by, sled. The highway from
Omsk through Semlpalatlnsk to Altai-
skaya follows the river Irtish and has
a length of 760. miles. There is also
a main highway from Tomsk to Seml
palatlnsk, a distance of 470 miles.
All the above highways were im
portant links in the governmental con
trol of Siberia from Russia. Over these
roads couriers," police and ; soldiers
could pass readily from center to cen
ter, keeping all settled rarts of the
country In communication with the cen
tral government . The main Siberian
road Is now largeV disused on account
of the superior commiinicati on offered
by the Trans-Siberian railway, and the
other highways - will eventually be
. paralleled, by. railways as well. None
"of these roads is paved or . improved
In any way which would be considered
as acceptable for a main road in Amer
ica. The absence of stone in much
of Siberia will make it difficult to pave
them, " though much could be done, by
establishing brick works and surfacing
the roads with brick,- in which case
motor, truck transport would form an
Intportant auxiliary to the railway. ,
i Few Well-Made Roads. -
; 't While the Siberian railway Is cross
id by a number of Important rivers
running ' f rbm "soutal to ' northt which
A
''. ji' - - ''''
- Tongulsk Road.
arcora v transverse routes to . points
along their shores, 'jthe great expanse
or the country is unprovided with well
made roads. Transportation from
points lying at a distance from the
main route is, therefore, costly and
aimcuit Only a lihirted quantity of
grain can be hauled out of the countrv
to the railroad, while the railroad it
self is not able to take care of the
grain that could be : easily produced
by the peasant population of Siberia
in good seasons. The result is that
a large crop of grain forces down the
local price, so that the peasant actual
ly finds that a large crop brings him in
less money and causes him extra work.
The greatest need of Siberia in the
Immediate future i$r improvement in
roadways, so that communication may
... . "i , . . .
ue easy irom mteripi districts where
grain can be raised, to railways and
especially to waterHroutes by which
the grain can be carried out of the
country. The improvement of the Si
berian railway was.(already in hand
unaer the American! railwav commi
sion in 1917, when he bolshevik rev
olution occurred aud; -put a stop to the
work. It, will be comparatively easy
to increase the carrying caDacitv of
the Siberian road very largely by phys-
icai improvements, and by better man
agement, particularly in . dispatching
trains by a comprehensive system.
Roadways by which r Siberian com
merce can be extended from the rail
way route to the Interior districts
t 1 j i i '. . - - .
Miouiu ue improvea! ?ana extended In
the very near future, - -
Caravan roads of! southern Siberia
Include among the most important, the
route from Petropavfcvsk tlowh to the
river Ischim, past the Onlutav moun
tains and the river? Sary-Su to Buk
hara. and from thpisnnio nit-v hv va
j y " - j
river Tchagllnka, pust- a number of
lakes to Akmolinsk, afourlnsky and in
to Turkestan. pi
HEINPS TRIBUTE TO CHOPIN
Great Writer Has tlft Testimony of
His High Admiration for World
Famous Musician.
Chopin was born In Poland of
French parents, butf received part of
his education In Germany. , The in
fluence of the threel nationalities af
fect his personality Jo an extent that
is very remarkable, "i He has. in short
appropriated the best characteristics
of each; Poland ha is- bequeathed .to
him chivalrous tendencies, her histor
ical sorrows ; France, her delicate
Highway.
grace her charm ; Germany, her pro
found romanticism. . . For , the
rest, nature has given' him . . . a
noble heart, and genius. Yes, genras.
in the full acceptation of the term,
must be allowed to Chopin. He is not
virtuoso only, he li 'also a .v poet, he
can make lis apprehend - the poetry
which lives in his heart, he is a "tone
poet," and no enjoyment is equal to
that which he bestows upon us when
he sits down at the piano and Impro
vise's. Then he is neither Polish, nor
French, nor German ; he betrays . a
higher origin, he' is of the kindred of
Mozart, of Raphael, ; of Goethe ; his
true fatherland Is ; the dream kingdom
of Poetry---Heine.
Good Character Test.
By the unanimous assertion of every
man who ever went on a hunting trip
that involved camp life for a consid
erable length of time; there is nothing
like participation in -such an expedi
tion for bringing outand making clear
the fundamental realities of - charac
ter;. It reveals both y irtues and vices,
strengths and weaknesses, and empha
sizes them all. ; Not only are many of
the restrictions and inhibitions Created
and enforced in ordinary1' community
intercourse suddenly removed or weak
ened, but there are made new demands
for -ithe endurance , of inconveniences
andthe performance of bard and dis
tasteful work - I . . '.-..
SCOUTS :AS "NUT -PATRIOTS"
The boy Is .coming into his own.
Every human boy always knew deep
within his heart that he was the nat
ural , keeper of the peace, the very
present help In time of trouble, but
the difficulty lay in convincing his eld
ers. . - - - ' :
The boy scout movement was his
first great opportunity for demonstra
tion, and he seized it. Under its be
neficent rays his natural - inclination
and operations emerged from . the
Txlack shadow of paternal disapproval
or lack of interest and assumed their
deserved place.
Swimming, woodcraft and camping
became dignified professions, in the
pursuit of which the boy himself was
1 made strong and thereby fitted to de
fend the weak. i -
His value ; a a part of civic life
next became apparent, and he "distrib
uted important literature, helped care
for the crowds at parades and public
meetings, learned to observe city laws
and traffic regulations and to encour
age their observance in others.
Having borne himself worthily in
all these matters, behold his just re
ward 1 No more did the boy need to
ask fearfully if he might go nutting..
His country called . him. he must bo.
Gathering nuts for gas masks Was rec
ognized by the highest authorities as
an essential industry. But the boy
knew It all the time.
TAKING CENSUS OF TREES.
Interesting Work Successfully Han
dled by Youngsters.'
. SCOUT'S BRAVERY . TESTED.
What his medal for war work means
to a boy scout is illustrated by this
little story. Robert Goodwin, a scout
in Des Moines, la., was lying in the
hospital very ill from typhoid when
Scout Executive Gendall received the
boy's Ace Medal for selling War Sav
ings stamps for the government. .
Ill as the scout was it was decided
that he should receive, his medal, and
It was taken to him in the hospital. He
wanted it pinned on the pocket of his
nightgown.
, Shortly after that it was discovered
that, he -also had appen3icitis and he
was prepared for an operation. As he
was placed upon the wheeled table to
be carried into the operating room his
mother asked him if he was afraid.
'No," he said, "one of the twelve
points of the scout law is that a scout
Is brave."
Scout Goodwin's mother says that
she is convinced that if the scout law
meant so much to her boy at such a
time its application to all boys would
be a good thing.
SCOUTS RUN AN AMBULANCE.
- v . -
The boy scouts of Richmond during
the influenza epidemic performed ' a
great service. ,The. scouts voluntarily
secured, equipped and manned an am
bulance.
This ambulance carried more than
75 patients to the emergency hospital
at the high school. " The "scouts took
every precaution. They wore masks
and bathed their hands and faces In
bichloride solution.
As many as efght patients were
brought from one home, each one care
fully placed upon the .' stretcher by
their trained hands, borne . to the am
bulance and taken out' with skill not
excelled by veteran ambulance drivers.
This ambulance was on duty night
and day. At times it was necessary to
carry as many as five patients at one
time. ,
, : T
DOINGS OF THE BOY SCOUTS.
When people want anything done
that-is difficult to have- done without
paying for it they generally call upon
the scouts to do it In Lynchburg,-Yaw
the scouts are kept busy. One accom
modating troop attends to the distribu
tion of the church envelopes.
-The good turn by a ; troop of, scouts
In r New Haven. vConn. .was.raccom-.
; pllshed by : paying , for repairs o the
chnrcb plumbing and, also to the roof
of the building.- They take-care of X&n-
Mghts in the church. t
GREEN FEEDS FOR-POULTRY
There Is Much in Proper Curing'
Handling--rBeets and, Mangel.
' - Wurzels Also Gooj: f
If you have fed clover, or alfalfa t
poultry in its jreen state, or dry ym.
knmv lta value, ff you have not nsedl
it as a hen .feed5 do so this winter,
even if you have to buy some, and
In future seasons you will lay in a
good supply. There is much in cor
ing and handling this food to have It
right for hens. If It has been done,
properly, -, cut " into- one-quarter-incfe
lengths, and place It In atub or bai
rel, then turn on steam or hot water,
whichtat once brings back the aroma
of the harvest field. Next spread eat
in the mixing box and sift on' same
cornmeal, middlings and animal mea4
salt a. little and you have as good a
mess for laying hens as can be. pre
pared.' In some respects . alfalfa is
better than clover. It is yery.ricn in
protein, yields more in a year than
clover,, and; hens like it better.1
.For poultry it Should neyer.be al
lowed to' become woody. A gxd field
of alfalfa will produce more hen feed
than the same amount of space pot
into ; any other crop. - .
Next in order for a dependable win
ter food come, beets and mangel-TOBF-zels.
There are different sorts, red.
yellow and white All make a good
winter hen feed. They are composed
largely of water, but it makes an ex
cellent winter food, being easily growal
and kept and is very handy to feed.
By feeding plenty of green food to the
hens in winter there Is a profit de
rived in two ways. The hens will be
more healthy, therefore lay better and
by working lt into the dally ration tne
cost of feeding the flock is lessened
considerably. -' '
HINTS ON HANDLING POULTRY
Among Other Things for Farmer tm
, Remember Is That Male Doesnt
Influence Number of Eggs,. : V
(Prepared by the United States Depart
' ment of Agriculture.) v ,
It is urged that all farmers .and
poultrymen adhere strictly ,to the fat
lowing principal rules In handlins
their poultry and eggs:
, 1. Keep the nests, 'clean; provide
one nest for every four ftens,' V
. 2. Gather the eggs twice, dailyj l i
3. Keep the eggs in a coo dry room
or cellar. , ? "
4. Market the eggs at least, twice a
week. -.- . ''-'--p
; 5, Sell, kill or confine all male blrdi
as soon as the hatching season is ovts
5 OifrsltV' -
One Hundreds Hens Should - Be
Every Farm.
so as to produce Infertile eggs.
male bird haS no effect on the number
of eggs produced.' "
MISSION OF OYSTER SHELL
" u
Not. Given 'tov Supply .Grit, but' t
Make Bone, .Muscle and Feathers
r "?ir. T"He,P Out Ration. T
Many poultry, growers, espedalrj:
beginners,1 have the impression i
oyster shells make a good grit- fjor
fowls, but such is not the case. - Oyster
shells, ., in some ..respects do help ' to
grind the fowl's food, but the chief
mission is to make bone, muscle and
feathers. They " form' the shell of tlie
egg, or assist in this matter and at to
same time aid In making a oompLcte
ration when fowls are fed . rhar
and grit, together, with their gram'Bt
tions. ;; If you i keep them before' the
hens? and do not feed fot-prodndns
feeds, they "will - prevent 1 sof t-snelled .
eggs f and keep ' them from acquiriss
the egg-eating habit, whlck Is one of
the greatest ; losses ever experienced
by; any poultryman. In -almost every
feed given to fowls we find a.shortasa
of ash. f The oyster shells supply tfela
want of ash and the bens bty fMr
full auota of eggs. , ' ' '
AVERAGE YEARLY EGG nECOm)
About 130 Per Hen. Is Good Estimiti'
Result From Flock Preperly 1 ;
-1 Kl- f - Caredf Fori ; r. :
3 About 130 eggs per henl'is a'iatr 'iiiV'.
erage for the yearly egg record.';?"
flock properly cared; for . ebould pri
duce about one1 third as'inanyss
there are hens, during the; bcirtis cf
December January arid Fercrjr'V ; "J
i
9vxie-t " '
V .