- i
PLAN TO KILL WOOLLY. APHIS.
Carbon Di&ulphid Solution Applied to
Roots of l rees win vunwui--
the. Pest.; ;
fPrepared by the. United States Depart-'
1 ment of Agriculture.) .Kr- ;
Carbon disulphid, in solution at the
rate of one-half ounce to four gallons of
water and applied at the rate of three
fourths gallon a square foot of r soil,
will control the root form of the woolly
opple aphis and without injury to the
trees under suitable .conditions.;? ' t
The solution is prepared by pouring
Prhon disulnhid Into. the water
llivr -"- - . .
' . . 1 X. v 1 .
and agitating uie uuiure Yigurousiy.
When applied on the soil around a
tree the liquid penetrates into ' the,
ground and the poison gas given off
by the chemical kills the pest. Every
square foot of Infested soil should be
subjected to the action of the solution
in order to Insure complete 'control.
This may be accomplished by pouring
the- liquid in a shallow basin made in
the soil around the tree. J .
In orchard practice, where- many
trees are to be treated, . the solution
is best applied bjv using a power spray
ins outfit and two auxiliary tanks. The
advantages of this method are the
even diffusion of the liquid and com
plete aphid mortality in the soil area
treated and the safety with which the
disulphid can be used. The disadvan
tages of the method are: The huge
Power Spraying Outfit.
amounts of water required, with con
sequent high cost of labor; the diffi
culty on any but level ground of pre
paring basins with level floors, thus In
suring the proper distribution of the
liquid over the area to be treated ; and
the wide area of infested roots, on old
er trees, every square foot of which
mast be treated with the liquid. This
last condition precludes the use .'of car
bon disulphid except on small trees
"ith restricted root areas. .
KILL INSECTS IN ORCHARDS
One Kind Subject to Destruction With
Poisons While Other l Cori
trolled by Spraying."'''-
Broadly speaking, all insects which
are a menace to fruit growers ; se
Jtire their feed In one of two ways:
y biting and swallowing portions of
the food material, or, by sucking the
Jees from the interior portion of
jhe host All biting Insects are sub
Jpet to destruction with arsenicals or
otber stomach noisnns. Rnrklnc in-
fects are controlled by the- use 1 of
"'"luci sprays, which corrode the body
nJl penetrate the breathing portions
w the pest or otherwise effect1 their
destruction. : " - ' . . : V
'DORMANT' SPRAY IN SPRING
Much Stronger Solutions Can Be Ap
P''ed Before Buds Open
Do Work Thoroughly.
Dli!rte?dorrnant sPray Is usually ap
oJn xthe sPrin before the buds
-be Iuch stronger solutions can
Pos n nt is1 time than would be
'Aflvinf Mhen f0l,ae ,s on the tree.
tZlT, is token, of this fact in
tnZ the San se scale.: The dor
fflrionf ray should be aPPed with
evi,pQ pressure drive it into all
ftust h! under loose bark It
st fae applied thoroughly.
T,ME toTSTp trees
Be8t Hortleijif.1 .
Qener-
a,y Admitted to Be During
Ute Winter.
ntura! "x
practice Is
We trP. rrtte3 to be to
prune api
BPrtn. un late winter fii
and
early
Howry ruary 15-to -
May X
be eat-
I duiihi
.
aw v ;
km., m a ww.
WW 4 ' " n
w"l Permif a wnea e
p rmit o each work, ;
weather
fCOUT. PRfeSI DENriSESSAGE
The war Js over. Peart is iim
ninth anniversary flmic r
stronger than ever. There are more
scouts, more leaders, more troops. ?
: -Again we look' forward to a year In
the man-making out-of-oors.Vit ;
The greatest need of a nation is for
mennot the mush-and-molly sort, but
the self-reliant, red-blooded man ; the
man who has lived in the open all
seasons of the year; who likes the
zest of the winter winds and can en
joy the heat of the blazing sun thA
man who loves the hikes and; camps,
me open-air games and self-cooked
meals, the stars, the trees, the birds,
and in fact every phase, of scouting,
as It brings him in touch with nature's
wondrous revelation of God.
The nation has need of more such
men - as that typical scout, our great
former president whose, recent death
the -nation mourns ' and now memo
rializes, apd whose greatness of char
acter and achievement were largely
made possible by his active outdoor
life. . - - r; . -
t Let us .dedicate ourselves to a year
of intensive outdoor scouting, such as
that great man lived, so that the life
of our nation may be vitalized by more
men such as he.
. Several outstanding obligations rest
upon every scout His life from day
to day should, first of all, be an un
broken chain of good turns and acts
that square with the scout chain and
law each act as a link, each link so
strong that , the chain of the scout's
life will hold whatever the strain of
trial or burden, r Furthermore, each
life should be centered in a body made
so strong with rigorous contact with
the out-of-doors that illness and weak
ening habits find no place in his life,
and he will ultimately develop, into
robust, . scoutlike, thorough-going
American citizen. .
LEARNING TO TELL THE TREES.
One f the Most Interesting Nature
Studies of the Scouts.
v.v-.i--: ' ".. ' :" " '- . -'
CHURCH COUNCIL FOR SCOUTS.
The federal council of the Churches
of . Christ in America has voted the
following resolution:
, MThe federal council of the Churches
of Christ in America, through its ad
ministrative committee, expresses. Its
deep sympathy .with the boy scout
movement. - - V-r
:X "Several of the constituent denomi
nations -of the council have appointed
commissions on relationship with the
boy scout movement and render earn
est testimony of its great value to the
church. -'-'T yr- aX'."
: The - attitude of the Boy Scouts of
America in their recognition of religion
and their loyalty to the church is
cause for deep appreciation upon the
part of the churches." "'w';
TRYING OUT THE WOLF CUBS.
Dallas, Tex., in erperimentlng with
the Wolf cub idea, Is limiting itself
to one group of cubs. . - ;y y.
Scout feaders are watching with care
to see whether the younger boy, who
receives something of (he scout train
ing In the Wolf cub patrol, loses his
keen desire for .scouting or by his In
sight Into It is Impelled to a more
genuine "appreciation, sy yy-
DOINGS OF THE BOY SCOUTS.
Reading PaV boy scouts remoyed
dead trees from sidewalks for fuel in -
church. -- '. "'
t:Roosevelt memorial trees have been
offered to Pennsylvania boy scouts by
the state department of forestry.
U The aldermen of NewXohdon, Conijn
votedr$250 to the boy scouts fortbeir
good -work in cleaning 'up the city:
The , scouts cannot personally accept
cone? for such services, so It was
ea to th local ccsadl andwlUbecf
fcr the 8ummercamr . -
tl ... c 5
, r , Ffrfi w&i rev
Tl"Ti I I T T 1 I il irT 1 i " rTr,T -
. iiiwnn-i-rm -v-m-Tri i-TrtTf',Trrwi.iiT "it" -".-f---,y.?
An Old House
yTIlASSBURO, from the remotest
, times, has ( revealed ; a .love of
liberty; and independences, which,
l must be said, frequently -bewildered,
and even disconcerted its
would-be oppressor. Through its nu
merous vicissitudes it has retained -a
personality which nothing ever suc
ceeded in destroying. Little is known
of the city during the Celtic -period.
When the Romans Invaded Gaul, they
discovered on the banks of the 111, and.
quite near the Rhine, a small village,
the strategical importance of which
they immediately recognized. Perched
on a relatively, high hill, Argehtbtarttm,
as 'the Romans named this hamlet,
dominated the whole of the fertile
plain of Alsace and the river valley.
They therefore fortified It and 'estab
lished there the general headquarters
of the legions who were - especially
intrusted with the defense of the pas
sage of the Rhine. ' For more then'
three centuries this region remained
under. Roman domination, after which
lapse of time it was conquered by a
powerful Germanic tribe, the Alamans.
For several;, centuries, Strassburg
was subjected to the continual vicissi
tudes of, waref are, says the. Christian
Science Monitor. The 'Franks suc
ceeded the Alamans and after the bat
tle1 of Tolbiac in 498, Strassburg and
the greater part of Alsace were Chris
tianized by Clovis. . . ,
. Under the Merovingian dynasty,
Strassburg was ' elevated to the dig
nity of a royal city. The Carlovingian
monarchs even signed several of their
celebrated charters there. r However,
the 'city itself vegetated; lack of se
curity hindered Its 'development, and
when. In 925, Alsace was incorporated
in the German empire, Strassburg
was ' still a relatively unimportant
town. It hadApossessed a bishopric
for several centuries, and so long as
its' .development had remained "sta
tionary, had submitted unprotestlngly
to the dominion of the clergy i How
ever, as its commerce developed and
Its industries gradually - evolved,
Strassburg rebelledt first timidly, then
openly and successfully, against the
clerical yoke. ' .
yl Building the. Great Cathedral."
The real prosperity of ' Strassburg
dates from the thirteenth Century,
when it already numbered; 50,000 iri
habitants. The bishops Tainly strove
to regain their former supremacy by
force of arms, but- Strassburg de
fended itself with much energy and
at last enjoyed a period of relative
peace, during which all classes lived
in harmony. ; y ; V
; This period coincides1 with a great
development' in the fine arts. It was
then that Gotf ried . of Strassburg, the
first Alsatian poet of the middle ages,
was scribe in his native town, ana
Erwin of Steinbach, artist and archi
tect, undertook7 to build the cathedral
on the site; of the former basilica,
erected about 670 A. on a. spot
where once stood a temple dedicated
to Hercules. ;w . ..' -y I yy: -:
The original plan of Master Erwin
has not been : faithfully followed,; and
it must be admitted that the edifice
has lost nothing ! through this," but has
rather galnedconslderably. : :He; had
conceived; of a: facade two stories Jn
height, dominated j bytw; ; towers of
equal height. It was,;hoWevermiany
years later" that' the xiathedral ;was
completeoVsand- the; two .towers were;
welded .together at the he!ghtof the
first story,the .'lefttower alone, being;
finished,, its delicate openwork spice-
a marvel of- sculpture rising 142 .me
ters j above? the dearth The . threefold
portal, giving access to,?, the thre
Gothic naves, is. decorated by a multt-
, ttde of 'ti'ti
The ' rest J tbwer was finished In
lO. under ,the direction of Jchn
t
-y
r
"1 - i. ii i i f m in , . - i
in Strassburg.
Holtz. Many were the artists who
lovingly decorated this unique stone
Jewel. The baptistery was the work
of John Detginger ; the pulpit that of
Hans Hammerer, 1 and innumerable
humble artisans lovingly, and piously
decorated arid embellished it. Their
anonymous .tribute is touch! ngly re
vealed in the slightest details of the
gigantic and splendid masterpiece.
; The Astronomical Clock. , ;
The great clock of the cathedral has
been for nearly six centuries an object
of public curiosity and amusement;
This astronomical clock" was first
built y -' Bishop' Bercthold of Birch
egg , In 1352, and was , completed
two years later by Bishop John of
Lichtenberg. ;The clock originally oc
cupied the space facing that which it
occupies at present "In the southern
transept. Besides various astro
nomical devices Indicating the true
solar time, it has a great planetarium
In which the revolution of the planets
is represented, so that the relative
position of each at any time can be
seen' at a glance. Then, on" an ele
vated platform, are moving ' figures
representing the four ages of man. ' ;
On a still hlgher'platform is a natural-sized
figure of Jesus, and at noon
the twelve 'aposftes pass before the
feet of their master, bowing low: As
Peter passes, a large : and marvel-j"
ously lifelike cock flaps his wmgs,
ruffles his feathers and crows three
times very loudly and naturally. The
clock was definitely completed In 1574,
to be destroyed .during the revolution
of 1789. But In 1842, a Strassburg
artist named Schwlelgue built : the
clock which still exists and Is a faith
ful copy of the old timepiece.
' Houses of the Renaissance. '
During the Renaissance, Strassburg
enjoyed a -prosperity of which some
idea; can be gained from the numer
ous monuments which were erected at
that period. " Many of these still exist,
especially !, those old : ' houses ' which
abound In the little narrow streets in
the neighborhood of the cathedral,
where many picturesque old sign
boards bear evidence to the past. The
Boecklin house, which" once belonged
to a noble family of lower Alsace, is
among the most celebrated of the
period." ; The courtyard of "this house
contains amagnificeht stone staircase,
and it also possesses a particularly
fine Renaissance doorway. The House
of the Crow, - dating from : the! four
teenth century, is, famous for it$i re
markable courtyard, and it is said that
Frederick the Great lodged there in
1740. The House of the Dragon, re
cently' demolished, was in the four
teenth : century the residence v of the
R'nlghts of Endlhgen, whilst the fa
mous Kamerzell house . on the Cathe
draf place, dhting . from 1467, is of
world-wide renown. Its three stories
were built at successive periods ; but
colffed with its high,; slanting roof, so
characteristic of Strassburg, it rather
resembles an immense "dovecote with
it3 many windows.' .; " V" '; .:':-
During the thirty years' war,5 Alsace
fell under the rule of France; Strass
burg became French on the 30th of
September, : 1681, whilst the annexa
tion was definitely ratified by : the
Peace . '6f : Ryswick In 1697.; 'Vauban
personally" directed the construction of
the citadel in 1682. But his Jfortiflca
tiols, strong as - they were, tfould not
resist the intensely terrific boihbard
mentto which the GeraanS subjected
the1 bid; city, in August andjSeptmber';
1870 ftnd; Strassburg" "y&i obliged; i
capitulate after barely aTmbnths;re1
sistance ' During the" shelling ofv tb?
cit9; inany.uof its &iest public faiflces;
which were for. the most part' of - ttt -
Amongst these fisurc3 th'e'miJhUcali
library. ',-.."-; '
. littl' but they are priceless tri heir t
5MVRobeTt8or; . rjy-. f
J -t TASTY DISHES.
?:Nowth'at f resh eggs arelnecotalhg
more plentiful, we; may indulge, in . va-,
- rious egg dishes, which
add to the variety of the
:menv ':;'.i'::;':;; ;'
; ; Baked' Eggs.To! tWo
vcupflr;of,rh,ot cooked
rice add two tahlespoon
' fulsof butter, one third of
" a cupful of milk, one-half
teaspoorif ul of salt. "Beat
Vigorously three minutes,
add, one an'l onr-lialf canned pimen
toes force 4 through strainer. and
Continue beating until the 'mixture' is
well blended. - Pile on a buttered bak
ing dish land make 'six cavities. 1 In
each ca vity "drop a raw egg and bake
until the eggs are sef.
ii - Allerton Potatos.-Cut two Vupfuls.'
of cold boiled "potatoes into cubes.
Separate the yolks and whites of four
hard-cooked eggs. "Chop the whites
and force the yolks through a potato
ricer or strainer. Add potato cubes'
and chopped whites Jto one and one
half cupfuls of white sance, and: turn
on a hot serving dish.-Sprinkle with"
yolks and; garnish .with. parsley. , . ,
Macaroni With Eggs. Break into
Inch lengths one cupful of .macaroni.
Put to cook in boil Ing sal ted water j
when full', and; tender, drain and put
a layer into a buttered baking- dish,
cover with half. a : cupful of good -white
sauce, two "sliced hard-cooked eggs, ' a
teaspoonf nl of scraped onion, then re
peat, using, the rest of the macaroni
and two more eggs, with another -half
cupful of white sauce. A half ; cupful
of cheese may, be. added- for flavorr:and
It will also add to the. food yalue of
he dish. , ., ;; x ' -'--
Boiled Fish With Egg Sauce. Steam
a firm whitefish until tender, and serve
with a white sauce to which has been
added two chopped hard-cooked; eggs
and a finely minced sour pickle, , ;
Escal loped Egg and Rice.l Put
three tablespoonfuls of rice In a .fr
ing pan and brown in o?tablespoonfui
of hot fat ; when a light yellow,, add
enough .water to ; cook It : until tender,
then while hot , stir, in two or three
eggs, seasoning with salt and-pepper.
V hen the, eggs are cooked serve at
once. This dish will serve four or five
people, and .will .taste nearly as well
as if -it -were composed Entirely i of
eggs. " . :.-::.yi y y.-:
': Sometimes we -love the. vision bright ;
That leads us on though dark the
' night, .. : A
Bujt life's- ahead whate'er befall "
And come what may, we're comrades
allv.;;.;, y,,y,-y:':. hyy
FOOD FOR THE FAMILY.
When there are two cupfuls of well
seasoned mashed potato left add two
eggs, slightly beaten," two
tablespoonfuls of pimento
puree and salt and pep
per ; ' mix well1; and set
away to chill. v' Later the
croquettes are shaped,
dipped , In egg ' and
crumbs,1 and when time
to serve are fried In deep
fat until delicately browned ''
Creamed Fish In Scallop Shells.
Melt three tablespoonfuls of butter, add
three tablespoonfuls of flour ;' and
when well mixed add one cupful of
milk which has been scalded, with one
slice of onion, a sprig of parsley and
a bit of bay leaf. Bring to the boiling
point; add one and three-quarters cup
fuls of flaked fish and season with salt
and pepper. Fill buttered scallop
shells with the ' mixture, - cover" with
cracker crumbs arid bake until brown.
Baked Lobster In Shell. Remove
the meat from a two-pound lobster and
cut in cubes. Heat In one and one
half cupfuls of white sauce and add
salt, cayenne and two teaspoonfuls of
lemon juice. Refill the body and tall
shells, Cover Nvlth buttered crumbs and
brown. To prevent the lohster' from
curling over while baking, Insert ; small
wooden skewers of the right length to.
keep the shell in its original shape.5
Onion ; Puree. Cook . onions until
tender ; "drain, dry and force through
aN sieve ; there should be two cupfuls.
Melt two and one-half tablespoonfuls
of butter ; add two tablespoonfuls of
flour and stir until well blended, then
pcur on oriehalf cupful of milk; Bring
to the boiling point ;'-add the onion
puree "and season with . salt and cay
enne, v o'':';:".:i-
Creamed - Mushrooms on .Toasts
Clean and peel' one pound of mush-'
rooms ; cut in slices. Melt five table
spoonfuls of butter, ;add 'the mush
rooms, sprinkle with salt and pepper
arid ' dredge with one and one-half ta
blespoonfuls of flour; pour over a half
cupful of thin cream and cook five min
utest' Serve on "oblong pieces of. but
tered toast and garnish with toast
points and parsley. ; 1 y 1: x
' Mushrooms cooked hs above arid
served In a thin white sauce as a vegity
table make almost acceptable dish. "
; : ''.' -:. - Na ' Dra whack. - '
. &
"The" best story accredited to 'Sir ?As"
ton4 Webh, president , of; the Britlsl'
Royal academy, concerns'" politician
!t onder whit hl-o;'ti'6w8al
mei ?fWhats 'rhemattewith hfm
He's lost his reason; replied -th
Hheranatt;ma
V.hAZZdt'Vl folder -was the'rfi
mm
DISINFECTION IS NECESSARY
invisible Organisms or Disease Ger)yi v
.. . UnmmA DnUl..J ( Wm. L -'V
w(aiv napui aiiumfs ii (.
,1 w ;-
-r-' Long' --Time.'-t's iiT - -
fPrepared by the United States Depart.
j , -'i . .roent 'tr Agriculture:) jriVsl i . . '
y In dealing with Infectious diseases
pf live- stock, the a verage stockmali
and fanner does not suftlclently s real1
ize the importance-1 of thoroughly) disj-"
Infecting his premises tf oHowing an :
outbreak of contagious disease, on his -farm
or In his locality.,; Unless the
germs which .ause the disease are d
stroyed, they .have the'; power to main
tain themselves oh premises for. in
definite periods. So long as they.thu
remain they are a constant menace and
may at any time be the cause of an
outbreak. ., ; , " .l:- ;,.';. j -L
It is but natural to acknowledge the
presence of only such objects as - can
be seen with the unaided eye. , Science
however by means of . the high-power
microscope, has clearly proved the ex- "
lstence of numerous . minute animaJ
and vegetable organisms micro-organ-.,
isms and it U a matter of. common
knowledge that many of. these, organ
isms, frequently find their way Into, the ;
animal body and produce disease. -It
Is also well known that these . riiicro
organisms, or germs, vary in form and.
other characteristics and that for each . :
disease of an infectious nature there
Is a specific germ;?, .1 ! -
If these germs conjd be confined to :
the animal body and die with it' there
would be no such thing as an, infec
tious disease. Unfortunately, however,
they . are throyn off by the arilmal ,
through the" excretions and lie in the .:
soil, in the litter of stables, upon the
floor and walls, and in cracks and crev
ices. Here they may remain arid main
tain their virulence; for an indefinite ';
period, ready at any time to be gath-. :
erod up by an animal In Its feed or
to be blown atout in dust ' and drawn
Into -the -lungs, y : ;'';.;t ;?-. '-'ty ' ,
For example, we have tuberculosis
In cattle and glanders in the horse.
In the former disease ' the causative '
agent is a rod-shaped germ which; av
erages , about one ,, ten-thousandth of
an inch' in length.;. Cattle affected xvlth '
tuberculosis ; pass t. myriads of . these .
germs with the manure, and.it is not
difficult to understand ?how in the? av
erage stable they would ; haver: little "
dIfficuityjti;inU:,findUng.v many; lodgln
places. y,yyyy.iy' ' y.: ut't '
In glanders .the causative agent is
another ; rod-shaped germ, about the
same length as the tuberculosis gerra,
but-sqmewhat thicker. A -characteris- -
J-X..wyv:.lv;vv 'iiir'.rCsirWtirjt.''-'
rr.'
-JR.-
Cattle Affected With Tuberculosis.
tic. of. this disease Is the formation of
ulcers in the nostrils and other po-V ,
tlons of the body,' from which there is
more or less discharge laden 'with tie
glanders- germ. And here, again; ; II
Is not difficult to understand how one
diseased animal may contaminate, ex- '
tensive premises. 4v 0
v . As has been: stated, some of these "
minute . forms are" vegetable organisms.
In 'factr; these vegetableparasites;:art
the cause of sonie, of the most destruc
tive; diseases, andrsomeofithemarc '
very "difficult to destroy forihe ' reft .
son thajt they contain yspores-Az-spore
may. be likened to the seed of 'arplant,
for it bears about the;same relation U
tke bacillus that a grain of wheatdoit :
tothe plant proper. ?As the plant ma j
ber'destrpyed -;and ' the'r. seed remaii
latent for an indefinite time.V So 'de
structiotf; of the bacillus maybe ae
complished while the . spores remait
unharmed? and retain life for, veeks, :'
months or.years ? ' ;' v
An example of this class of - organ
Isms is seen in the agent which pauses
anthrax. Ordinary methods for 3 tfi
destruction- of the ; bacillus fivill- no
destroy the spore ; as well,' and thus
anthrax becomes a most difficult di .
ease to eradicate. Upon farms where .
animals have ; died from anthrax' and
the , carcasses i have ; been, burled In
stead of destroyed, repeated outbreaks
of the disease i may occur from time
to time, possibly extending over a
period of several years. This ,mdi-
tion is due tc the existence of the '
very resistant spores, which under fav
orable circumstances , are: carried' te
the surface. of v the earth, nd beddme
Infecting organisms much as the seeB "
of a noxious weed, after remaiiiing k '
the soil -during the - winter, - finds' the -conditions
favorpble In the spring arii
develops :f into a pranfexcet : that .
these minute forms of5 life rntultlp!
with the most wonderful -rapidity'
-- Thus it Is that our 'increased knowl
edge regarding , micro-organisms or
bacteria as the cans of ' many ariinutl
diseases Imremphaslxedr the5 Impor-.
tance of dUsInfectton..rt-:? 'y.i Sk..
VtIod'ilsUves ;
arnu ''Xnlxna!s &m .tzich ilie ht-L'-ii4
sings In that they need trczh clr
f.
I V.
i