North Carolina Newspapers

r - ii ('-- IMTEQVED UNIfO IM INTERNATIONAL RURAL SCHOOLS ' STUDY POTATOES Guide ; for Teachesvand Pupils Published by United States Department of Agriculture. SHORTAGE IN CLOVER SEED iS PREDICTED ' v Can Should Be Left. ITS IMPORTANCE AS FOOD M ' . UlLL ivl U UVJ ttMANM A J V A t HLrv a J? k I VI I I I I II II I I.I 11.11 I . JUI 1 A I I I I I I lil I I 11,11 I I f I - T 111 I I I 1 ' I I Lesson teBi tl I f "a Jiff $;S v,v JcS 3 lloPTJrilf III o -r.. . $500,000,000 banquet to alien enemies has been given annually by the American public. These aliens were not invited here, have performed no service, and 1 yet liave been fed on the fat of the land, adding to the high cost 'of living. They have tremendous aoDe- tes, consuming trees or entire forests, irden crops and fields of grain and itton. These undesirable .citizens at have made America their adopted ime are insects and plant diseases hich have been introduced from for ' pi countries, writes Charles Lathrop id, president American Forestry as dation, in American Forestry. V Here's a pest for every plant. ; Some" aatshave more than a thousand In cts and fungus diseases which attack- I me portion of them, causing death ' injury. However, most of the pests hich attack our plants are native to Aeria and have natural enemies Well keep them in check. "And all those fleas have little fleas, :n their backs to bite 'em. And those again have lesser fleas, id so "ad infinitum." V ' Thus native insects have a host of Dracious enemies, including birds, an wls, and other Insects, which pre !fw the "balance of nature." The iTages of native pests seldom become ?vastating except occasionally in nail areas and for a short time when editions become exceedingly fa vor jie for their rapid propagation.' Hitherto, America has maintained 'open door to plant immigrants a.nd, titer year, destructive insects and ant diseases have come to this coun Fon these plants from abroad, - Some 4e pests have found the land of om entirely to their liking. Some 3es the climate here has been ex tonally favorable for their rapid lopment, at other times they have N&d new food Itlnnts Tn snrh msps tfy have propagated raDidlv because I - VL ""Lure was no longer gained. In most cases the fight imported plant pests has been 3a too late. -.. . tand rot Of nntntrP !n IQIft wns pponsible for flip thnrtoffQ r rCk rt- ,t0 Won whu-i, c-,.. i Werv coni ; . .. I v v.uic unu seun are two oiner diseases which have been e Dfttntn ,i! ; t , . t - rlnp uisease, esiaDiisn- 1. . 'Kin introduced from Eu- revoim r "ul0 nines, causes nn fif lut" "J xo tne wneat crop milling ,i.-.n iMfe.i. u"""ii uuu iu Hume nrti i 'ffcit l uuimrss. j.iie loss i ! l- the 00(11 Jns moth, to- Ull Til' 1,'Uinpv tnont in nrn"t- Mnsm,xostsjhe United States 1 SlXtf'nn i..'n: .i i. ... work, i """"1 uouars a year. nil ..i V4'J.1C1.1. i3 1 TVi - osd , 1 nuii insect, tne an '" emails nuiii, . .. ine t.i.. . . a loss of at least m lA(' ZWy moth, i i v rj an insert lUwn in ri- what happens reaches the United another country. To There was a man who freed two moths, And those two moths were "mothers, Tiat year there were a million more, . The next a millkm others. They, had tremendous appetites, And wrought . great devastation, Until the state with wrath arose, ' And fought like Carrie Nation. A fight was begun which has lasted for years and today it has cost more than fifteen million dollars in cash for applying control measures, be'sides many times this amount of property damage. " N The chestnut blight Is a bark dis ease which was brought to this coun try from the Orient on Japanese chest nut nursery stock. It was first found on western Long Island In 1904. In ten years it spread over half of the chestnut area of the United States and at the present time it has practically exterminated the chestnut trees 'within a 300-mile radius of New York and is rapidly, .accomplishing the complete ruin of our -magnificent chestnut for ests of the South. The loss is many million dollars and, its ultimate end will be the extinction of one of the most useful and most profitable Amer ican forest trees, as no remedy nas been found. Only recently it was found that a similar disease attacking the poplars, had been imported from the nurseries of France and had spread over a wide area of the United States. Other dangerous pests introduced from abroad are the Oriental peach moth, the Japanese' beetle, the Euro pean earwig, the Leopard moth, the alfalfa .weevil, the European eelworm. The European corn borer is a pest Which apparently was brought to the United States in a cargo of hemp un loaded - at a rope factory.near Boston. It is exceedingly destructive, to com, feeding by boring in the. stalk. In its operation it works upward, eating out a chamber from the pith. The deve - oIca -snmerimes uui the stalks in a corn field may be In fested. Over two hundred borers have been found in the stalks growing in one hill of corn. Control is made more difficult by the fact that the borer feeds on a number of other plants, including the stalks of weeds and flow ers, and may live over winter in grass roots. It is so-menacing that the pres ent agricultural department appropri ation bill contains an Item of $250,000 for fighting it . The bureau of entomology, United States department of agriculture, has published descriptions of over 3,000 distinct insect pests which are likely to be introduced into this country and cause serious loss. About half of these are European insects which feed upon forest and shade trees and the rest infest various cultivated crops. Among "the Important Insects which it Is hoped, to exclude from the American continent are the Mediterranean fruit fly, considered by entomologists to take first prize as a destructive fruit pest, and the pink boll worm of cotton, from Mexico, which is capable of making the best efforts of the cotton boll wee vil appear puny In comparison. v The life stories of some of these pests, as unfolded by years of study on the part of patient scientists, are so amazing as to" be classed with fairy stories by those who are little - ac quainted with the wonders of nature. White pine blister rust is an instance. This parasitic 'fungus Is native to the old world, attacking the stone. pine and other native five-lea ved pines of Europe. White pines imported from Qermany, France and Holland, brought this disease to the United States, prin cipally in 1908 and 1909. Curiously, the safety of our white pines depends entirely on whether we can control the spread of the disease on currai and gooseberry bushes. The fungus can not go directly from one pine tree to another but first must spend part of Its life on currant or gooseberry leaves and fn this' stage it has the power of spreading rapidly and widely to other currant ' and gooseberry bushes. The fungus then develops another stage by which it is enabled to pass back to the pines. If we destroy the currant and gooseberry bushes we prevent the dis ease from Infecting our white pines. Hence the salvation of these magnificent- trees depends to a large degree oh whether' people are willing to fore go the luxury of currant jelly and gooseberry' jam. . ' The system of inspecting the impor tations of" foreign nursery stock has proved Ineffectual because the eyesight of the most competent inspector is not capable of discovering every insect or plant disease on every plant. Many of them, especially fungi, are hidden under, the bark and are, entirely invis ible. It must be remembered that of many of these pests we have no con ception, based on experience in its na tive land, as to its destructive powers under American conditions. - The question "what shall we do about It?" has been answered correctly by the federal embargo, which prohib its further importation of plants from Abroad .except such as are specifically sanctioned by the United States de- man a " "una raw it. NWnt .. . ":nt 51 very bad Im- hf, Who lent , . arziirvw; ; ' ( n once got into "Tit or Alio fli. Up until 'i acquaintance to n n creat dis- Hu,. horame hotter and con npifctt. ho, ''iifortunate stam i"st his temper. ')! I" ho cVi-mnrl fn. i-liod the acquaint-. 1 in list rotrnrt thnt nt rt. t-1 evtr :" r.'iortpd thp stnm- out. only too glad to g-g-g-get, a ft c ,. ; -..it t. fiherrv Blossoms. Blooming of the cherry trees in Ja pan occurred earlier, this yearthan warm weather If the, early months The blossoms . were qut in great pro fusion i on Sunday, " Mach .30. The higan " sakura :. trees . in , Uyeno ark were in full bloom ; , the. yoshlno a kura, or commoa variety, came outin fuU florescence on ApriV 3, the an versary of the first emperor of Japan Everybody in Japan enjoyed the arbo rescence of springtime.; . . . , ; Volcanoes in Britain. The twa great centers of earthquake activity in the British isles are Com rie,'in Perthshire, and Mersea island, in Ithe mouth of the Blackwater, on the Essex coast; In both these locali ties earthquakes are ; frequent, and earthquakes are usually a sign of vol canic activity. ' Highly unpleasant, as It would be, geologists would be no more surprised at the resurrection of one of toe British volcanoes than they have been at the rebirth : of Mount El burz. ' (By REV. P. B. F1TZWATER, D. t Teacher of Engjlsh Bible in the Moody Bible Institute of Chicago.) (Copyrlrht. Weatern Newpaper Union) LESSON FOR JULY 20 .... j ... the lord's supper. LESSON TEXTS. Mat. 26:26-30; I Cor. 11:23-34. GOLDEN TEXT For- as often as ye eat this bread, and drink thfs cup,, ye do Show the Lord's death till he come. I Cor. 11:28. , - - ADDITIONAL MATERIAL Mark 14:22 26; Luke 22:14-20; I Cor 10:14-21. PRIMARY TOPIC-RememberinK Jesus (Luke 22:19). JUNIOR TOPIC-The Lord's Supper re minds us of Jesus. -s INTERMEDIATE TOPIC-The nieaninr of the Lord's Supper. SENIOR AND ADULT TOPIC-Com-munion with Christ and with one another. . I. The Institution of the Lord's Sup. per (Matt. 26:26; 1 Cor. 11:23). 1. Time : It was, on the night of the betrayal of Jesus, just after the be trayer had been announced. 2. The circumstances: In connection with the eating of the Passover. At the command of Jesus the disciples made ready the Passover, arid while they were eating, Jesus took bread, blessed it and gave it to the, disciples. , 3. Elements: (1) The bread. This doubtless was the common bread of the Passover feast. (2) The cup. This cup consisted of the fruit of the vine. Ill The Significance of the Lord's Supper (Matt. 26:26-28; I Co. 11:24 26). . . . ; Jesus took natural and literal ele ments and made them to be symbols of his own body and blood. Just as our bread and drink are assimilated into brain and brawn, becoming an integral part of our body, s by means of these symbols the communicant partakes of Christ. He becomes a part of us and we aTe in him. It is both a memorial and a prophecy. 1. A memorial of the Lord (Luke 22:19). When he went away he left the bread and the cup for the disciples by which to remember, him. Those who love him will desire to keep sa cred this memorial. 2. To show the Lord's sacrificial death (I Cor. 11:26). He did not die as a hero or as an example of unself ish devotion, but as a substitutionary ransom. On the cross he made expi ation for our sins. 3. It is a guaranty that our sins are forgiven (Rom. 4 :25). When the be liever partakes of these elements his faith is confirmed. Vlt is a signet of the Son of . God attached to redemp tion." . 4. Through them the believer re ceived Christ (I Cor. 10 :16). He there by participates in the, body and blood of Christ, becoming a member of his body. Christ Hveth in the believer (Gal. 2:26). ,The Holy Spirit com municates the life of Christ to believ ers, making them one body, joined to gether (Eph. 4 :16). This union is Il lustrated by the- figure of the. human organism (I Cor. 12:12-27) ; the vine and branches (John 15 :l-8) ; the hus band and wife (Eph. 5:25, 26) ; we are one bread and one body (I Cor. 10:17). 5. A forward look to a completed re demption (I Cor. 10:26): When faith is exercised in Christ, redemption be gins, and Its completion will take place at the cofnlng of lesus Christ (I Thess. 4:16, 17). The bread and the cup con- stitute the keepsake of the Lord until he returns. These elements possess an Immense psychological value both as a memorial and a prospect III. Qualifications for Participation In the Lord's Supper (I Cor. 11 :27-34) . 1. A proper apprehension of Its meaning (v. 27). Eating-and drinking "unworthily" does not refer to the de merit of the .communicant, but to the failure of the communicant to grasp its meaning and Importance. There fore, to thoughtlessly engage in this service Is to do it "unworthily." Only a regenerated person can : discern the Lord's body (v. 29, cf. 2:14). Faith in the integrity of Christ's person and work Is essential. Anyone who does not believe In the absolute deity of Christ and his vicarious 'atonement is an unworthy communicant, y. 2. Church membership (I Cor. 11 : 18-22). The Lord's body is the churqh which Is composed of regenerated men and women, united to Jesus Christ as head and to each other as members of that body by the Holy Spirit, 3. Orderly walk. ; The disorderly should be debarred from the Lord's table, examples of which are ' Jhe fol lowing: (1) Immoral conduct (I Cor. 5:1-13). It is perilous to the individ ual who is guilty of immorality to ap proach the Lord's table (v. 30). Sick ness and death are oftentimes visited upon such This explains why- some are mysteriously! taken away in death. (2) Heresy (Titus 3:10; John 4:2, 3). (3) Schismatics (Rom. 16:17). Those who are causing divlsipns in the church should be debarred. : Right at the Center. ; ; : Our habitual thoughts and actions determine our characters and ' they are made moment by moment. If at the center we are stayed", on -God the circumstances must b "right. Samuel Fallows. Would You? y Would you remain always young, and would you carry all the joy, and buoyancy .of jrpufo into .your maturer. years? Then have care concerning but one thing how you. lrve in your thought world.--Ralph Waldo V Trine. One of Most Widely Cultivated of Ag rlcultural PlantsNo Crop, Except Rice, t Is Eaten by Larger Number of People. f (Prepared by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture.) A guide for teachers and pupils of, elementary rural schools in the study of potatoes has been published by the United States department of agricul ture as Bulletin 784, "Lessons on Po tatoes for Elementary RuratflSehools." The potato is a good subject for study, says the bulletin, because of its im portance of food, wide range of grow-, ing territory and Its possibilities for home project work. The bulletin contains 12 lessons, In cluding the selection of seed potatoes m the field, harvesting and grading, marketing, winter storage, judging, tu ber and plant structure, 1 place . of po tatoes in the rotation, soils (kind, preparation, fertilizers) , planting and seed treatment, cultivation, insect pests and diseases, and uses as food. With each lesson, is given the sources of material which may be studied with the subject under discussion, illustra tive material that will help in its pre sentation, class exercises Nand practi cal exercises. Study Different Stages. As potatoes may be secured at any time of the year, there is np excuse, says the bulletin, for attempting to study them without having at hand specimens which represent good varie ties grown in the district. The po tato plant in the field should be stud ied during the different stages of de velopment. Especially should, the ref lation of the new tubers to the seed tuber and the root system of the plant be noted. If no plants are available, a diagram showing the plant as a v- hole will be useful. Charts showing the composition of the potato and its relative food values should also be made. .Pictures clipped from bulletins, Possibility of Good rop Will B Greatly Increased if Pirst Crop la Cut Early Early Cutting Destroys Midge. (Prepared by the United States Depart- " xnent of Agriculture.) - - . Drought-during the summer of 1018 and the war have caused a shortage in red clover and crimson clover seed, and it Is Important in sections where Potatoes Feed the World From Prince to Pauper. showing types of potatoes, may be mounted for class use. - . Importance of Potato. - In referring to the importance of the potato, the bulletin : says it is one of the most, widely cultivated of the ag ricultural plants, and next to Indian corn is the most Important contribu tion of America to the food supply of the world. Probably no crop except rice 'is eaten by a larger number of people. In the ' more thickly , populated regions of northern' Europe the pota to, is now the most important of hu man foods, furnishing about 25 per cent of the food of the continental and English peoples. Only the oriental peoples exist without It. Not only .are the tubers used for food, but they have Important industrial uses. As Ameri can population increases, the potato will become moreand more important In this country, there being no other crop which will give such a large yield of food suitable for man under such varying conditions. CARE IN HARVESTING OATS Crop in Southern States Should Be Allowed to Stand Until FuJIy Ripe Shock Carefully. . (Prepared by the United States Depart - - ment of Agriculture.) Because of the relatively small acre ages per, farm' oats In the South should l)e allowed to stand until fully ripe; that is, until just after the" grain passes, out of the hard dough stage. However, if the area Is small and the cradle is used, the grain may be cut when passing out of the milk stage, as It usually is allowed ' to cure for a short time in the swath before be ing bound and placed In shocks. Shocking should be done carefully. Too frequently little or no attention is given to the method of shocking, and in the event of storms and rainy weather much of , the grain is damaged, whereas If the shocks had been well built and properly:: capped little dam age would have occurred. When fre quent rains interfere with the curing of tie oats In the shock, it is advised thai hock covers be used if possible, j Red Clover Plant. need can be profitably grown that as many acres of plover be left for seed as can be used without seriously In terfering with crop rotation. If the second crop is to be left for seed,' the possibility of a good crop will be greatly increased if the first crop Is cut early. - This is especially true if there Is any danger from the clover flower midge. Early cutting of the first crop may result in a smaller ton' nage of hay and hay not quite fifr nutritious, but' it' will dGstroy the midge. ; If the field Is badly affected with midge and the larvae 4 have had time to mature, a good seed crop is out of the question. For further de tailed instruction see Farmers' Bulle tin 971. In sections where mammoth clove Is grown fields intended for seed1 should be rolled. This will , cause th stems to lie close to the ground. The flower heads will then bend up and can be harvested, leaving a large pari of the clover upon the ground to be turned under for fertilizer. This wilJ also reduce the amount of straw nec essary to handle in hulling.. Write, your .extension director for Farmers' Bulletin 455, Red Clover; 838, Harvesting Hay with the Sweep: Rake; 943, Haymaking; and 977, Hay Caps. They give methods of making: clover hay. Others may be pub lished by your state agricultural col lege. . EARNINGS OF CLUB MEMBERS Indiana Boys and Girls Spend TTsser Part of Savings for Liberty Bonds and Stamps. (Prepared by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture.) What do club boys and girls do with the, money they earn in their work? It is a question frequently asked by persons who have read, of their prof its. The question was asked approxi mately 350 boys and girls at thefirst annual club roundup of Indiana boy and girl club members, held recently at Purdue university in co-operation with the United States department ot agriculture. - It was found that 58 of those present owned Liberty bonds, which they had purchased "with their own earnings ; 109 had War Savings stamps; and practically every one had bought Thrift stamps. Thirty-one had started bank accounts with the money . they had made in raising corn, pig!, calves or poultry, selling canned prod ucts, or from some other branch of club work. Eighty-five owned pigs, 46 owned calves, 26 owned sheep, and G2 owned poultry. Definite plans to at tend college by use of money from club work-had been made by 117. -It wtus found that of the 350 attending the meeting, 176 had been engaged-In club, work two years ; 70, three years ; 0. four years, and four, live years. , PREPARE CULLS FOR MARKET Select Fowls Which Are Dull or Weak Old or Young, Except Those . With Ltying Points (Prepared by the United States Depart- . ment of Agricu-ure.) . . - Cull put and prepare for mnrk?f aTl fowls, old or young, which api ing tails, rough plumage, ; or crow shaped heads; all crubsexcept tho which have laying points ; nil hens' which molt early ; and all males ex cept those strong, vigorous, and of -i r : .. t