IT II
GRASSHOPPER IS
OUTDOOR BANKS FOR
VEGETABLE STORAGE
5
ll a II 11 111 l All liT 1 1 f r -Ji I ;" -im 5s' 5w
1
lumbermen Must Turn Out
Vn Dlllion riuic rcci d
tar to fleet uemana ror
Home puiiQing .
v LUMBERJACK will have to hus-
'tje: That is uie puunciy e-vpresseu
anion?: tne experts in every
nninion
1,U. of business connected with buiitl
iiiL' Thv say among other things:
Thin the demand for homes in the
Suited Stales is natien-vyide.
That SUIOOO homes should have
l,eea built "at the normal rate in the
last two years and that only 50,000
whv actually built, leaving a short-
t i estimated at fully 750,000 homes.
" XmhR to rr0,000 homes must be now
v . i i. a a. . .
up me -snoriuge auu 10 gei
early to ma ice
iothe normal rate.
"OOOO.OtXi feet of lumber, board measure,
hich is the normal rare.
- . . i i t . a. a r
an increase in uie lumuer output oi au,-
feet a year will certainly mane me ram-
:k hustle.
experts do-not agree as to figures in all
But it te' evident that the shortage In
is very large. At the recent real estate
ition in Atlantic City inadequate nousmg
es were reported from all parts of the
v and the shortage in homes was put at
fill It SIlOUHi L'r iruiciuucicu uiui iuc v-
demands of manufacturers for lumber are
d be met. ,
lint the demand of devastated Europe for
V will undoubtedly stimulate export from
runtry.
all the lumberjacks df the country will
o hustle, it looks as if the biggest activity
)e demanded from the lumberjacks of the
coast, where most of the lumber comes
powaday?.- r . .
pictures show scenes in Idaho and Wash-
Tne mountain lumber camp is '4,000 feet
northern Idaho and j there Is still snow on
und In June. The trainload of logs is on
w-gauge road in the Idaho pine forests
erntrood. The three magnificent yellow
flro in a Incrrrinfr iacrrn naoi QnAVnria "Vol-
fne is the principal source of lumber in
l Washington. The normal Droductlon of
r pine is about 16,000,000,000 feet (board
re) a year. It is figured that this output
pve to be increased to about 20,000,000.000
Some of the white pine trees near Spokane
re feet in diameter and 175 feet high. The
K white pine belt left in the United: States
northern Idaho. Some of the largest and
snipped sawmills in the country are in this
Qgton-Idaho district.
? housing problem is a big one so big that
J lead to action by the federal government.
apartment of labor, in announcing in Jan
hat 500,000 new dwelling houses were need-
1 this to say: ' .
fo billion dollars, available- for loans to
bnilders, would go far in providing the
arj capital for the building of these dwell
Securities of a value approximating $2,000,
are hel(l by the constitutent organizations
l States League of Building and Loan
ns. Labor conditions, manufacturing,
wal needs clearly indicatethe desirability
mediate acceleration of building actlvi-
lfoughout the country., !
making available capital necessary to
6 a tentative plan may materialize in u
ystem of 'home loan banks.' The plan
apiates the creation of a bank in each fel
,ene district, similar to the land banks
jnder the federal farm loan act, with
if 1 Gilding and loan association could
Jf !?1, receiving In exchange home
announrem
i jt ""-""hi, presiuent or uie uniieu
ousing corporation, that the land in vari-
3ment t Wa& t0 have been lltilIzed by tne
h u its war emergency building pro-
15 robe ssnM f
Pfnri "",ue seeKers ior tne erec-
r gatehouses; The conditions eovernlng
ri, , " '"""."j umi tiiere is a rem
rttcaoi, f eS5 in the mmnity and that the
psthp YVU1 De startea immediately
Wi , AUt? lots are to oe sold. pud--mplete
sets nf o Ll t.
'r 'ions: np' wim,.ntun .n i, r..
'for -thf
-ith th
fsven
to
e various lots.
or
Atterb
ry lias some interesting
Hit
5,. owiuc micicai
ff this Problem. He is known
ect of
as
Ner.f V ",munai reputation. He is
HotKin' anl of 'directors of the Na-
housimr K. ' ' .c,atIon. chairman of the war-
pUnnin ' member of the National
fl nf Al,'.nsmnte' member of the French
of reconstr !('tS Engineers on the prob-
Psion. Yn Ne York tenement house
fns. hwJi yoars. under various appro
h and'ih. th the Henry Phipps . en-
Lnenss snpt" V Tne "nssell Sage fourida-
Nuity
. 1 ' large nHrt nf M timo in t-0.
""'t and
experiments' in the possibilities
Ctlon v, . .-.
I "'orkintrm c sjuau nouse suit-
onstpn
smen. These practical studies
?or ti! Te lnvolved the expend!-
t,ihr "r"UUUI.J mousand dollars.
., j, fe her thingS:
Itlon J , ..no substantial nrntrro.. f'Am
6 fiPPly to J tr,al huRingf problem
the production of the small
house the same principles of standardization,
machine.N factory and quantity production that
are employed by all other great industries.
"Most experts agree that the real crux of the
Industrial housing problem lies not in land cost,
taxes or Interest rates, but in the house itself
the . cost of construction. The investment in
building is anywhere from three to ten times the
cost of the land, and is therefore the dominant
item and the most potent factor in the entire
problem. It is all very well to eliminate the
waste In the other factors waste of -time, labor
or material but if the productivity of human
labor and capital in construction can be increased
the reMilt. would be a real step toward the solu
tion of the difficulty and the benefits of such an
economy would accrue to all parties Involved.
"That the ''ready-made house will come event
ually is evident from the progress made. The
first experimental building designed to demon
strate the principle of standardization and fac
tory production was successfully erected in 1909.
Since then the work of demonstration and de
velopment has proceeded, with the general result
always pointing, in my judgment, to the sound
ness of the principles and their ultimate success.
"The help we need ought to come from a gov
ernment research department established for that
purpose. This department would have to bear
the same relation to housing, which is commodity,
that the department of agriculture bears to wheat
or the bureau of mines to minerals. In other
words, the housing of the industrial army is as
Important in peace as that of the munition work
ers in war times or the fighting units themselves.
And for these purposes the government spent
hundreds of millions of dollars and established
a special department. It is a fair question wheth
er the importance of the problem today does not
justify the establishment of a permanent bureau
of housing."
"What effect will this increased activity of the
lumberjack have on our lumber supply?" is an im
portant question.
The exportation of American lumber on the
scale likely to result from the European demand
for material will, unless accompanied by provi
sion for regrowth, seriously deplete the supplies
needed by home Industries and impose hardships
on the consuming public here, is the view of Henry
S. Graves, chief of the .United States forest serv
ice. -
The department of agriculture has issued a
pamphlet by Colonel Graves warning the wood
using industries, the lumbermen and all interested
in home- supplies of forest products or foreign
trade in them, that the question of lumber ex
port cannot safely be left to the care of itself.
The situation is especially critical, he points out,
with certain of our highest grade woods, such as
ash oak hickory, yellow poplar and black walnut,
' which are the support of important industries,
and with southern yellow pine, of which the
main bulk of supply is approaching exhaustion
and which is likely to be exported in large quan
tities to meet after-tlfe-war demands. ;
' The situation,; Colonel Graves holds, is one of
ominous possibilities, , "Most of the leading An
' duS nations of the" world,-he says, "whether
lIXlv wooded and dependent upon Imports or
heav lv wooded and exporters, are taking steps to
afegxiard and develop their timber resources The
frnfted States alone appears to be content to
IS S hd a great export trade without considering
S2 ummate effect npon domestic timber re
sources aTd their capacity in the future to supply
the home market. .
I . hllP policy does not, however, neces
deSSr ?ne discouragement of. exports.
AZRAZTTZGAD
i .-
"The United States, standing second, among tht
countries of the world in forest areajand produc
ing more than half of the sawed lumber, should
play a more Important part in the export trade
of the world than it does now. Withproper safe
guards in the way of maintaining' the raw ma
terials, a strong export trade should be encour
aged. But the gains which we mayanake in the
markets of the world can be kept only in so far
as they are based oh a permanent jsijpply of tim
ber. If they are to be based merely on a cut
which, as in the case of oW-growth southern pine,
will not supply even oui1 domestic needs for more
than the next ten or fifteen "years,r,we shall soon
be crowded out of the foreign markets by coun
tries which base their export trade, on a continu
ous self-perpetuating resource." , ?y
Europe's emergency need for lumber, above its
consumption in normal times, is put at about
7,000,000,000 feet of lumber a year for the near
future, a conservative estimate ; and tier own for
ests have been depleted by the war. ;
! Europe, however, needs cheap lumber above all,
and our product will not be attractive for the
principal needs of reconstruction! Recording; to
Colonel Graves. Nevertheless, the World situa
tion in lumber, he says, offers "an imtidoubted op
portunity for a permanent export- trade from this
country of proportions that would ;jseem to be
limited only by our own powers jto sustain the
production of saw material." jffi:
Senator Sherman presented to the' senate the
other day a memorial from the Illinois legisla
ture, which was in part as follows J
i "Whereas the wood-using Industries not de
pending upon uncertain local forest? supplies have
become centered to a very large ( extent in the
thickly populated districts east of the Mississippi
river and are drawing their supplies from the
remaining forests in the eastern states, the gulf
States and the states adjacent to the Great Lakes.
A large number of such industries! jjre located in
the state of Illinois, with the city ;of Chicago the
Renter of a very large and Important group. Chi
cago has for many years been thefchief lumber
distribution point of the United States and the
greatest point of lumber distribution In the world.
These important industries. Including the manu
facture of railway cars, boxes, sashes and doors,
farm machinery, furniture, pianos; vehicles, and
many other articles, are, now threatened by the
exhaustion of the forests from which their sup
plies have been drawn. They now -face the neces
sity of bringing timber from the Pacific coast
with heavy freight charges added to the cost. To
the same Pacific coast supply tli country must
look for lumber for general construction purposes.
The transportation system of the country must
add to Its present burdens the transcontinental
shipment of very large quantities of lumber, a
bulky product upon which a high ( freight rate
greatly Increases the cost to the consumer.
"Resolved, That the Fifty-first general assembly
of the state of Illinois urges the attention of the
president and the congress of the; United States
to the present timber situation apd recommends
that, without delay, there be formulated such a
national program of forestry as jwill Insure the
future timber supplies required by the industries
of the country. As an example ofjjyhat should be
done, this general assembly points to the wise
course of the republic of France JnE so managing
Its forests for more than a century that they con
tributed substantially to the winning of the great
..wan- , - - jyL' . ''- .' ,
J "It is further urged that the federal govern
ment, acting independently or n:v co-operation
' with the states, Inaugurate aftion looking "toward
such measure of public control of the remaining
bodies of original timber as will make sure that
their supplies will be available aar needed by the
'Industries.-,.. '-....;.' v.
I "It lis furthermore urged that 'comprehensive
plans be put into effect for restoring the forest
on cut-over lands which are. nonagricultural in
character in . the eastern states, , In the states
bordering the Great Lakes, and In the South, In
order that timber, supplies fronv these regions
.may be available to the. established Industries, of
the central and eastern states,w
GOOD FOR FEED
When Dried They Can Be Fed to
Poultry Flock With Other
Feeds During Winter.
INSECTS HIGH III PROTEIN
Poisoned Bait Recommended Consists
of Bran or Sawdust Made Tasty
and Attractive by Addition of
Molasses and Fruit
Prapared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
When grasshoppers make their ap
pearance they ctin be destroyed by the
common poisoned bait method. But
there is another way of getting rid of
grasshoppers that makes the pests pay
for the, trouble of killing or catching
them. This method consists of driv
ing a grasshopper catcher through an
mrested field, catching all the grass
hoppers that hop, and then feeding
the Insects to chickens. They can be
dumped into sacks and hung up to dry
and fed as dry grasshoppers, or if it
is preferred to feed the grasshoppers
alive, the machine can be hauled to the
poultry yard and i laced so that the
front will face the light. The insects
will find their way out but not too fast
for an ordinary flock of chickens. Thus
the grasshopper catcher becomes a
poultry self-feeder.
An analysis of grasshoppers shows
them to be high in protein and there
fore good, chicken feed. It Is known
that chickens are more productive
when insects are a part of their ra
tion, and grasshoppers when dried can
be used with other feeds during the
winter.
Make-Up of Poisoned Bait.
The poisoned bait recommended con
sists of bran or sawdust made tasty
and attractive by the addition of mo
lasses and fruit and treated with an
arsenical poison. The following form
ula is recommended : .
Bran (hall and half bran and Bard
wood sawdust, or sawdust alone), 25
pounds ; paris green or crude arsenious
oxide, 1 pound, or white arsenic, 1
pounds; molasses (cheap feeding
grade), 2 quarts; lemons, bananas or
oranges, 6 fruits; or 1 ounce of cheap
lemon extract ; water, about 2 to 4 gal
Ions. The poison should be thoroughly
mixed with the bran. The water,
molasses and finely chopped fruit or
extract are then mixed and added.
The mixture should be wet so that it
molds in the hands but Is not "soppy."
The bait should be scattered broadcast
at the rate of seven to ten pounds to
the acre, applications being made in
the early morning.
In clover or alfalfa much material
and labor can be saved by first cut
ting around the field until there re-
Safe Place for Potatoes, Carrots,
Beets, turnips, Etc.
Well Drained Location Should Be Se
lected Straw, Leaves or Similar
Material May 1 Bo Used for
Lining Cover With Dirt.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
Outdoor banks or pits are used very
generally for keeping vegetables. Thar
conical pit is used commonly for such
vegetables as potatoes, carrots, beets,
turnips, salsify, parsnips and heads of
cabbage and is comstructed as follows z
A well-drained location should be
chosen and the product piled on the
surface of the ground; or a shallow
excavation may be made of suitable
size and six or eight inches deep,
which may be lined with straw, leaves
or similar material and the vegetables
placed on the litter In a conical pile.
fMuifypvs 'inter
Grasshoppers Can Be Captured In This
Portable Cage.
mains a small central uncut area where
the grasshoppers will have; gathered
and may be quickly and cheaply de
stroyed by the poisoned bait H the
grasshoppers are feeding in corn or
young trees more water, or better, more
molasses and water, should be add
ed, and the mixture thrown forcefully
so that the particles will adhere to the
crops to be protected -How
to Make Grasshopper Catcher.
The grasshopper catcher, which has
an advantage over the old-style hop
perdozer, in that the Insects can be
utilized for chicken feed, is about 16
feet long with an upright but curved
piece of tin in front and so arranged
that the grasshoppers will strike it as
they hop up, falling to the bottom and
back through a narrow trap opening
into a box behind. The tin front does
not extend quite to the bottom, where,
just in front of the tin shield, is a
strip of tin so placed that there is an
opening about 1,4b or 2 inches wide.
This front strip or Hp may be made
by using a 16-foot length of gutter, one
side of which is flattened outward.
The back and top of the box in the
rear is covered ' with wire screen and
the top should be so hinged that it can
easily be opened and the accumulated
grasshoppers shoveled out as needed.
A horse is hitched to an extended
beam at each end and the catcher
dragged through the infested area, be-
ginning at the sides and working to
ward the center of the field.
ENSILAGE IS VALUABLE FEED
It Is Excellent Feed for Cows, Sheep,
and Beef CattfeSilo Is Good
Investment.,' ,
While you are canning fruits and
vegetables for your hme, as you sure
ly will, why not can (ensile) feed for
your live stock? Ensilage may be
called canned feed, and It is a very
valuable feed for cows, sheep and
beef cattle, ' The ello fcgill 1)9 an in
vestment if you nave atTltT"Ww to
f ee4 next winter ,
V,-. Sc.o
Safe Way to Keep Potatoes, CarrotSr
Etc
The vegetables should then be covered
with straw or similar material and
finally with earth to a depth of two
or three inches. As winter approaches,
the dirt covering should be increased
until it is several inches thick. The .
depth of the earth covering is detei
mined by the severity of the winters
in the particular locality. It is well
to cover the pits with straw, corn fod
der or manure during severely cold
weather. ,
The amount of ventilation necessary
will depend upon the size of the pit.
Small pits containing but a few bush
els of vegetables will receive sufficient
ventilation if the straw between the
vegetables and, dirt is allowed to ex
tend through the dirt at the:' apex of
the pile. This should be covered with
a board or piece of tin held in place by
a stone to protect it from rain. In
larger pits ventilation may be secured
by placing two or three pieces of
board nailed together at right angles.
Vegetables keep very well in such
pits, but it is difficult to get them out
in cold weather, so that when a pit la
opened it is desirable to remove the
entire contents at once. For this rea
son it is advisable to construct sev
eral small pits rather than one large
one, and instead of storing each crop
in a pit by itself it is better to place a
small quantity of seyeral kinds of veg
etables in the same pit so that it will
be necessary to open only one bank to
get a supply of all of them. In stor
ing several crops in the same bank it
is a good plan to separate them with
straw, leaves or other material. The
vegetables from the small pit may be
placed temporarily in the storage room -in
the basement
DEAD VEGETATION IS USEFUL
Grass, Straw, Stalks and Leaves
Should Be Plowed Under for
Humus-Making Material.
According to the Ohio experiment
station, vegetable matter, such as
grass, straw, stalks and leaves, loses
in six months fully 50 per cent of its
carbon or humus-making material. In
other words, these materials .plowed
under In the fall are twice as valuable,
for humus as when plowed uder In
the spring. Here is an excellent rea
son why every day, when the ground
is dry enough, should be utilized in
plowing under the dead vegetation on
our fields.
IMPROVE FERTILITY OF SOW
To Make It Possible to Raise Good
Crops Next Year Land Must
Have Good Culture. v'. ..
. Every farmer is interested In get
ting large crops and ample profits this
year. This is laudable and highly de
sirable. But good crops will be need
ed next year and the years that fol
low. To make this possible the
must have such culture as . w . .
prove its fertility. ,
J
if,1.