Newspapers / Polk County News and … / Sept. 5, 1919, edition 1 / Page 7
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1 POLK COTINTV TTEOTR TPVftW TinPTW n A T AT Tir A GRASSHOPPER IS T.10ST IHJDHIOIIS Sometimes Appears in Sufficient Numbers to Consume; Every Green Thing in Siglit. sugar-beet thrips Harmful to plants Spraying Is Most Effective ; f Means of Controlling Pest DRY WEATHER FAVORS YOUNG II I i IP"" li in li ill tidlH"" n .fit .m century the noblemen replaced the Of tllpir" fm-iifotVi nrLi . Hon n Hfnl gardens were laid out and planted. Two ."lllU'S-AVitlr th frijp., nit; passing uj. Lime, wiiu rUt Jlflll i-.. . . Hiiiiimie woods, were first chosen. "A Mi. r ,fure an,l 0I ct. Ol rl I U ii . i..!.. ' , ,l"J"ining was added : it is occu- Ke. fin Wvn... ' (,Uier ide is the property of El- L'XEVA. Switzerland, is to be, capital f the League of .Nations if there is a league of nations. It seems rather an appropriate selection. The city is cosmopolitan and hajs historical, literary and philosophical traditions in keeping with the pur pose of the league. Switzerland has preserved its neutrality in a way to be above suspicion. And y the Swiss Confederation is in itself a sort' league of Nations. From the practical vlew- the citv of Geneva is attractive, not too larsre. centrally located for many of the members of leape. fact, the enthusiasts say that considering as past, its lonsr hfstorv full of struccles suffering through which it won its freedom, it (1 appear that from all time this citv has been btined to hecomp tha nnnitnl nf th Intnnffible pm of all free peoples, united to defend, not their rights and liberty, but also the rights, liberty of others. ' h requirements for a location stipulated fifteen ; merurs along the edge of the lake, era IE? large pronerties : a nort for hvdroDlanes. h the Alps and having access ty land and Within the walls of the small territorial ret of s an(l decked with gardens, several esta'tes itanawe to the representatives of the differ- Eations. , h parish ofGenthod, about four miles out me town, perhaps the more 'readily fulfills conditions. Uenthod, one of the, oldest vil las " part of the bishop of Geneva's prop n it became the nropertv of the re- c andi.s inclosed in the land that the" Bernese m the duke of Savoy. An 'unusually beau Wj(,oking down upon the lake from time -ffloriul, it has. been. a fhnspn nlapp for thp -Ms. - tenth R h(iiK(, --v.tyjc nuuus, were ursi tnuacu. ;,'mjmr belongs to the famijy de ue rourtaies estate. The Bar djoining was added ; it is occu inodern house called the. Chateau- Xivn er 8ide is the Property of fth(M hryptologist, temporary presi ' mil Hina Kpfl rnss tocious Mounds that belonged to the estate of "id nhilosorib 1 also iteentif , Sf-eured. Cent n.... Incidentally, one of the es on the Bonnet property stone to Geneva and scrupu- 'tSEM.ri crowning tms long nuiocK Jura mr, l'es 1S u Plateau inclined toward fn the crest line which fills the st on,. (,.. renstnict4',i pre; V Of ontjs si in i fTT- i . . m j over panorama ior a ais ' v tilt ' i iiu mi ira c rrTrk o n n a thod, imu , nlom1' lmlf of the township of f'r &nd u ?,,u'a 0,1 the ndrth by the1 Versoix G(1neva-p'- y a road an(1 crossed by " ;uine Hne railroad and the route ta e most (-. - " ' "i'al' J Unt of these estates, and the most bJ Ami Y, ,!he Creux d Genthod. It was ' i n tKn. i . - iMuiogian, protesso;.' and col- Blondel. the ereat the plans. In 1723 he This house became he pan, 'or -of rare --.lut'cr. If ! M.J Drotw, ' ut'ns and park. drew ure who "dluraust, norce Benedict de 111 be SH,marrIe(i the granddaughter of Ami Bhsure'8 house adjoined that 'of his uncle, Charles Bonnet. De Saussure, filled with a passionate love for the high Alps, the outline of which he gazed at every day, went exploring, climbing Mont Blanc, writing his "Voyages dans les Alpes" (1779-1786). His daughter, who be came Madame Necker de Saussure, grew up in this delightful atmosphere. Charles Bonnet continued to carry out his study of nature, and when he lost his sight gave up his time to philosophical prob lems, strengthening his scholars' belief in an after life. Haller used to come from Berne to work with him. Learned men and scholars came from all parts of Europe to visit them. 1 In this way the small circle of Genthod, passion ately interested in scientific culture and Christian philosophy, became a European center in direct opposition to the one at Ferney, where Voltaire derided the austereness of Geneva and tried his best to destroy it. After the death of Charles Bonnet his property returned to the de Rive family, which was connect ed With Madame de Stael (1776-1817) Her house is near Genthod, and Corrinne came often on fine summer days to sit on the terrace of the philoso pher and writer. The de Pourtales house was built about 1750 by Jean Louis Saladin, a diplomat of Geneva attached to the court of Louis XV, who as a mark of appre ciation gave him, his full-length portrait in oils. Tlie.de Saladin house is on a height and commands a wide view of the lake. It is to be seen in the center of two broad avenues with its simple gray front, its semicircular outbuildings, all magnificent ly located. Beyond the fields that slope gently are the" trees of the Creux de Genthod, the rare spe cies that Ami Lullin had collected at a great cost, chestnuts that were brought from Lyons in carts, immense vistas of foliage, wonderful tree archi tecture infolding the old French garden. Along the walks where the two scholars medi tated around that house of pure lines, the meet ins place of so many distinguished men, a breath of European thought seems to float in this Genevan atmosphere, say the enthusiasts. An intimate com munion seems to unite all these grand and simple homes to the grand old trees, the gentle distant slopes behind which appear the Alps, the long, cZr stretch of lake. To all this, vista, at the same time so big and so complete thatit would seem impossible to destroy this incomparable harmony certainly these homes and historical grounds wl remain as they are and the new buildings will he erected inland on the plateau. Geneva is an old, old city. Its origin is lost n v.tv but it was of sufficient importance In SSSftSi to be mentioned in his Com mentlres" It -was early the seat, of a. bishopric. S "I of the capitals of the Burgundlans. In Xi , centur It passed to the Franks. In the T it became incorporated with the rn emX About , that time the ;, temporal German emP1' iritual p0wer. of the bishops. was :d2 ofvTbegan to encroach on the rrafnower and at the same time the burghers temJ!?Sdta affairs; The struggles between the SSes'S avoand the citizens ended In favor of the latter in the early days of the sixteenth century. Geneva is the ; capital, of the canton of Geneva. It contains possibly 60,000 people a; little over 100,000 with its suburbs and the canton has a popula tion of about 135,000. There are 22 cantons,!1 with a total population of about 350,000. The Romans made themselves masters of the country in the first century, BC. Their do minion lasted about four cen turies. A succession of masters When it became a part of the German followed. (Holy Roman) empire in the eleventh century it was a hodge:podge of petty states 'ruled by dukes, counts, bishops and abbots, together with little city-states. The beginning of the confederation of cantons was in the thirteenth century. In 1276 Rudolph of Hapsburg, Holy Roman em. peror, secured control of the duchy of Austria and threatened the liberties of the Swiss. To re sist its aggressions the three forest cantons of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden in 1291entered into a league. In the fourteenth century live other can Sons1 joined. The house of Hapsburg found the mountaineers invincible. At the close of the mid dle ages the connection of Switzerland with the German empire came virtually to an end. The confederation was enlarged by ftesh accessions. In the sixteenth century, as stated; Geneva shook off the authority of the dukes of Savoy and of the bishops. After the reformation in the peace of Westphalia (1648) Switzerland was formally de- Hnred independent of the German empire. In 1798 the French occupied the country ; ad estab lished the Helvetic republic. ' In 1803 Napoleon re stored the cantonal confederation and new cau tons were added. 'The congress of ' Vienna in 1815 decreed the perpetual neutrality of Switzerland. Geneva, of course, at once suggests noted men and famous events John Calvin, Rousseau and others ; the Geneva convention, the Alabama claims, etc. Modern Geneva is an exceedingly attractive city It is beautifully situated at the southwest end of Lake Geneva, which here narrows and pours out into the Rhone, which is shortly joined by the Arve. The Rhone is crossed by ! nine fine bridges which join the old town on the left bank, with the principal residence quarter of the:: foreign colony on the right bank. There are many fine structures of interest. The College de St. Antoine, founded by Calvin, has nearly 2,000 students, over half of whom are foreigners. Geneva is noted as an edu cational center. The Cathedral of St. Peter Is Byzantine in character and is said to have been built in 1124. The botanical gardens are Interest ing. There are several museums, including the Musee Ratin ; the Fol museum, with collections of Greek. Roman and Etruscan antiquities : the Atheneum, devoted to the fine arts,, and the Mu seum of Natural History, containing de Saussure's geological collection. The He Jean Jauques Rous seau attracts many visitors. Tourists are shown the house of Calvin, on whom the possibly chief historical fame of the city rests. i Lake Geneva is one of the beauty spots of the world. It is about 45 miles long, and is eight miles wide at its place of greatest width. Its northern and western shores afford striking? views of Mount Blanc and its chain. The lake is very deep and a beautiful dark blue. New boulevards encircle Geneva; they are laid Out along the lines of the old fortifications which were demolished in 1851. Handsome villas crown the surrounding heights. Altogether the tourist seldom visits a more attractive city and-one more interesting historically. Hoppers Are Active and Able to Jump Amost Immediately Upon Emer gence From Eggs Three Meth ods of Control. (Prepared by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture.) The periodical cicada, an insect al most universally miscalled the 17-year locust, has a bad reputation, but the destruction it causes is negligible com pared to that wrought by grasshop perswhich, by the way, are true members of the locust family. The ci cadas have been blamed for much of the work of the grasshoppers. Both the young and old hoppers gnaw and devour the grain crops wholesale,' and work in large swarms which sometimes attain sufficient num bers to consume almost every green thing in sight. Dry weather ordinarily favors the successful hatching of the eggs and the subsequent development of the hoppers, while tool, wet weather, as a rule, is unfavorable, and grasshop pers often die in great numbers from disease when weather conditions of this character prevail. The grasshop pers lay their eggs in the soil, the banks of irrigation canals being favor ed for this activity, and the young grasshoppers appear the following spring. In some of the Southern and Southwestern states the hoppers emerge as early as February, while in the northern territory the eggs are not hatched before the middle of May or tiie first part of June. The, young grasshoppers are active and able to hop almost immediately upon emer gence from the eggs. In 70 to 90 days they attain maturity and - develop wings. Henpe the time for the farmer to attack the pest is during its young stages. Three Methods of Control. There are three methods of control ling grasshoppers, according to spe cialists of the United States depart ment of agriculture destruction of the eggs, catching the insects in the fields by traps, and use of poisoned baits. Wherever possible, the ground con taining the grasshopper eggs should be Besides Doing Much Damage In G.een house Insect Also Injures Outdoor 1 Plants Apply Spray on Dull 1 or Cloudy Day. (Prepared by the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture.) The sugar-beet thrips, is an impor tant insect recognized as a greenhouse pest and also injuring outdoor plants, principally sugar beets and sugar cane. The Insect is dark brown or black in color, and about 1.3 millimeters ' In length. The injury caused is similar to that of other species, such "as the onion thrips and bean thrips. The plant is attacked by the adults and by the nymphs, or young, in the same manner. The leaf cells are pierced T M y. . .v;.i. a. Young Grasshoppers . Feeding ' on Clover. thoroughly plowed or disked and har rowed in the fall, as these operations prevent the eggs from hatching the following spring. The hopperdozer Is a mechanical control implement and consists of a galvanized sheet-Iron pan or trough having a back rfsing at right angles to the pan. It Is about 16 feet in length and mounted on runners made of wood or old wagon tires. Hopper dozers often are made of a pan of gal vanized sheet Iron, but the back and side wings , are usually built with a wooden frame covered with stout mus lin or light cotton duck, thus secur ing lightness and elasticity of struc ture. The insects hop into this trap, which is drawn across the field by horses. As many as' 300- bushels of grasshoppers have been collected by the use of hopperdozers on 100 acres of alfalfa. How to Make Poisoned Bait. As ordinarily prepared, the bran bait is composed as follows: Wheat bran, 25 pounds; paris green, 1 pound, or white arsenic, 1 pound ; 6 fruits of finely chopped . lemons or oranges ; 2 quarts of low-grade molasses ; 2 to 4 gallons of water, according to climatic conditions. The bran and paris green or other arsenical are thoroughly mixed while dry. The fruits are then finely chopped and added, and last the di luted molasses is poured over the bait and the whole thoroughly kneaded. This amount of poisoned baf t is suffi cient to treat about three acres when the grasshoppers first hatch. Later, when they are nearly full grown, this amount will suffice for about five acres if sown broadcast In strips one yard apart. Blow flies, robber - flies and j digger wasps all prey upon grasshoppers, while wild birds, from the minute hum ming birds to the mammoth hawks, also assert a marked control. , Complete information relative to grasshopper control is presented in Farmers Bulletin 747," which has Just been reissued "by the United States de partment of agriculture, a copy of which will be mailed free on request. Harvesting Sugar-Beet Seed. f and the' plant juices withdrawn, caus ing the cells to shrivel and turn white. When a number of these cells are de stroyed they appear as irregular white or light-brown spots. If the attack Is severe, the whole leaf surface becomes invested by these spots and finally shrivels and dies. Spraying, has been found to be the most effective means of controlling this insect, both in the greenhouse and out of doors. The following solution used In one experiment killed all adult in sects and about 95 per cent of the nymphs. Nicotine sulphate (ounces) 6; Fish-oil soap (pounds) 4 Water (gallons) JH The spray should be applied to both sides of the leaves; if possible, on a dull or cloudy day. The adults are not so active at this time and are, i there fore, less likely to move out of reach of the spray. In the greenhouse the sugar-beet thrips may be held in check by the application of a strong spray of water to the foliage. This washes the young er stages from the leaf; and as these are unable to reach the food plant again, they soon die. VETCH CROP IN HOME GARDEN Spaded or Hoed Under .It Will Assist In Keeping Soil Supplied With l Needed Humus. A few cents worth of vetch seed planted in the garden each year and spaded or hoed under as a green ma nure crop will keep the soil supplied with humus and, to a large extent, with nitrogen. The vetch should be kept growing at all times in all available spaces. For example, if early corn or cab bage are not removed in time to allow for a follow-up crop, vetch can be planted between the rows at the time of the last cultivation. It will then be large enough to spade under in the fall or spring. Another good way to use vetch is to sow it in the fall or spring when the garden is being spaded In preparation for tomatoes. j By the time the tomato plants are ready to eat, the vetch will be well un der way. If the vetch is not more than three or four inches high, places can be cleared at proper distances for planting the tomatoes by turning un der a spade or two of soil. Then when the vetch left between the to matoes is six or eight inches high, It can be hoed in. Since it is green and tender, this is no great task and the vetch will soon rot- If vetch is used in this way, the soil should be inocu lated with the necessary bacteria. In structions for. doing this simple work can be had upon application to the state college of agriculture at Ithaca, N. Y. PUTTING EAR CORN IN SILO Best to Add Some Stalks Because They Furnish Much Sugar Essential to Fermentation. . It has been found practical to en sile soft corn ears without any stalks, but it is better ; to add some stalks because they furnish much sugar which is essential to proper fermenta tion. Tests made at Ames on the Iowa station show that an immense amount of corn can be stowed away in a silo this way, that It will " not spoil, and that it makes an exceed-. ingly rich feed. It should be fed as a concentrate and not as a roughage. The ears should be cut fine and thor oughtly tramped in the silo when filling. Do not let any spoiled ears get In, or too big a proportion of ma ture corn, as this does not pack and ensile so welL v 7
Polk County News and The Tryon Bee (Tryon, N.C.)
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Sept. 5, 1919, edition 1
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