TREAT OATS ADD
WHEAT It km
GOOD STALLIONS TO
IMPROVE COLT CROP
Harvest Aid, Arjimal .of J Highest
Type, Is Purchased.
Reports Show That It Pays to
, Use Formaldehyde at Time ?
r
-r ; r of Planting Crops.
4
Work at Wew ! Breeding-' Station : at
, Buffalo, Wyo., Carried on by.Gov-. i
emmentIrt CcopeTatioii With s '
State-Officials. '
I', V .
WORK OF DIFFERENT AGENTS
(Prepared by" the United States DecarU
T"' h. d " 1 WIDE, NOT CLOSE. CHOWN NCCt I U W' ' ' 'i tt ' I
.tTAjJy. 1 iff 1 1 1 . , , v.T'-' 1 """U IfeAfe O dl-
b, --rx. . r t
Aaa trier" " fcfl
v qtjld "Johnny Appiestea" nna nis way
would see something that would well re-1
pay him for all the weary miles he
walkedplanting apple seeds years ago.
In many states Arbor day comes this
fall, but the school children of thecoun-
l promise to make almost every day Arbor day
t'.. 0,. and during the spring of 1920. Hundreds
tnunS Clues liuvc uccu culcicu ju me uu
lDal honor roll being compiled by the American
rpstrv association at Washington. ? The associa-
,n hoDes to see every young American ciuzen De-
a "Johnny Appieseear jr.
YOU remeruDer Uie aiuijr ui iiuuuuj aypieswu,
they called him, who, many yearstigo. went up
down the land planting appie-tree seeds? That
not his real name, but that is what he came to
called. Of course - a lot of people ' laughed at
In for there were so many trees . then. Many
ought him crazea. xsui now nis iuea is lanen ro -
good one. For many tnings nave happened
W the day of Johnny Appleseed. The world '
lr has set our people thinking; about many '
4)ne of these things . has been the way
Uer is being consumed. Then, too,- there is the
a cost of living that agitates everyone. In many
i i i a: 9 I t a
aces tuc piaiiiiug ui uui nuu nuii u ees is uuvu-,
tied, and a campaign is on to have every victory ,,
Wner plant a nut or fruit tree In his garden or
iCk yard. Another fine opportunity for planting
memorial trees along the motor highways and
Jod roads that are in the process of' building?
these calls ftf the American Forestry associa-
lathe people of the country' are responding in -
W fashion. So to the school children of--the"
ptry comes a great chance to enter actively Into
study of outdoor life through the plnttagof
s. ine American oresiry , assoaation win
dany one a free planting day program1 and In-
ructions how to plant a tree.
Coming Arbor days are: 'Georgia, "first Friday tn-'
cember; Hawaii, first Friday in November I Colo-. -io,
Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Iowa,'
nsas, Kentucky, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota,"
vada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Da- .
OWo, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Vermont,
rginia, Wisconsin, Washington and Wyoming all
ve days set aside by proclamation1 bf the gov-,
iot; North Carolina. Friday after Ndvember 1;
rto Rico, last Friday in November; South1 Caro-
a, third Friday in November; Tennessee, No- "
per date set by county school superintendents.
tli this day before us, Chart es Lathrop Pack, -
went of the American Forestry association.
m this message to the school children, of the
Jited States: ' . . - -
finer memorial can be erected by any school
aass than by the planUne of a tree. Every :
f 11 will have a close and Intimate Interest In
'free and therefore the school after he leaves. '
pnot attempt to picture what that tree or -m
of trees will mean to the class of 1920 when
TVlIVA 1 1
oacK t0 tne om schooi for tne clagg re.
alll 1940. A SDace on th rnmniis nr n wnltr
tte town can be lined with trees, one for
member Of the Class. Th AmprlmJ Worcfrv
J4tlon is registering all memorial trees in a -
"lainonor roll and tmres thnt nil trAA nlnnHno
Ported that it may keep Its rolls complete."
What Is Best to Plant. , V
P spring and fall hundreds of trees were
rLCU out miK-h h
1 "-"Obi. jauo xaglw uccu uiauc
2 Planting this year and next. If yoii are
Planting fmit ,, '
MTtfh --- i "UL n CCS JfUU Will WUlll IU
(1; . t0 Plant and here Is a list of such
viaed for you by states: , t j-f.
England states, New York' Pennsvlvania.
ersey. Ohin ww vi it T
cnlean. Tiiin'c . T ' . .-
' -"vro,- juissuun anu lowa: naru-
BUSar manle. Nnrwnu monla oi.t mania
U1 wnite ash Amori
AoV v ivuu vruiic ciiu. icu ua&t '
Wn P oak' American"linden, scarlet oak.
& Dlno e VA,lurtJO Diue spruce,
kvltae h PIne balsam ' pine, hemlock.
xS'hM?rylanc1' DIstrict of Columbia, Vlr-
p, .!olina' Soutn Carolina, Georgia,
I Arkanl In' Mississippi, Loulsl,
KsvZ 0klahoma and Texas: Hardwood"'
oS : ?e' pIn oak- white oak, scarlet oak,
rmapjl rRed oak whte ash, bald cypress, Nor-
,Kentucw maplet red elm, American white
Uiack y coffee tree, American Unden,7 red
3ttPine i?m; hackberry willow.. Evergreen b
anon .ngleaf PIne, magnolia, live oak, cedar
W American holly. y: ,
'ebra111680' Nortn Dakota, South Da-
Dd MnK , as' 01orado, Wyoming, Mon-
hardwood Bur oak. linden. Nor.
ck'f!11 ash' wlld cherry, larch, American
Vi, "aiUUT. hgothn.. i i - .... .
rwssdpsjfni,! """ucliJ, uouey iocusi, oiacK
fHScotri,' I le' cott6nwood, box elder). Ever-
'lttce o Austrian pine, white pine, Nor-
arbor vtaade blue spruce white spruce,
A CI1co
Kbiapt I?' honey cust; green ashAmerl-
in ... vusl- our
NackbLtrilna' Utah and Nevada f ard- '
iii.
P: fiariw?0? Washington '(coast re
V ycamor Large-leaved maple, European
ln cotton oaK, vaney cottonwood,:
aArK ' montain ash, box. elder.
uur vitae, deodar cedar, box, eu-
,-. basin) : "Hardwood Norway maple, European lln
: den, sycamore, ''green ash, silver poplar, Russian
-" poplar, :white willow. Evergreen Lawson cypress,
blgtree.;;, . :,t :? :r 't i;
On the planting of a tree you will want to pro
ceed with the greatest care. For the best results,
organize a, tree-planting program In your, town, ; If
there is no shade-tree commission or city forester,
interest yourself 'in the proposition. In selecting
trees for street planting the following qualities
should be considered In about the order named:
Form, hardiness or adaptability, rapidity of growth,
shade protection, neatness and beauty. If there' is
any. doubt on the question it' is advisable .to con
sult the state forest commission, the. local, forester
or some other authority who can tell, what va
rieties are best for a given locality. ,
'No general rules; of course, can be given, but ln
a larger part of thev eastern United 'States, it . will
be "found that for narrow streets the red. maple,
red gunl or ginkgo can be recommended ; for wider
streets, Norway maple, basswood. horse chestnut
or pin oak; and for wide avenues, white elm,
white oak, red oak and tulip poplar. '
QuaiUies Needled in -Street Trees.
Street trees should have hdrdiness and adapta
bility. They 'should be vigorous, be able to re-,
cover from mechanical injuries and be as re
sistant as possible against , Insect attack and dlsr
ease. It is not desirable to have trees which cast
too much shade, particularly on narrow streets. ;
Houses and sidewalks need sun, even in summer.
Deciduous, broadleaved trees are most satisfac
tory.. ' Again, the question of neatness should be
be considered ; and the to Ws which will break up
the pavement, such as 'silver nipples, or those
which cover the pavement with then : bloom in the
spring, such as cottonwoods and poplars, should .
oe avoided. Black locust should not , be planted
because it Is likely to be destroyed by the borer
worm. Beech. Is a slow grower and casts, to
dense a shade for any street ; T - ; : -i
Tres planted along a street should be of the
" same klpd, the ; same size and uniformly spaced.
On narrow streets trees planted every, 40 feet
. apart, and alternated on opposite : sides of the
street, will jb found' sufficiently close. On wider
streets they should be from 40 to 60 feet, or even
farther apart, the distance being determined partly .
by the size which the tsee is likely to attain and "
by other habits. :'r. J rA.:-Vr ;;;V.X
Every tree should have at least six square feet
of earth above its roots. It is more Important that
there be plenty of space where the pavement and
roadway are paved with concrete than if brick or
nther loose-jointed materials are used., :
- Keep the Rdots Moist .
- In planting, a. tree, move as many of the roots as
nossible.' A cloudy day Is better for transplanting 1
a tree than a bright, sunny one, because a bright
sun quickly exhausts the,stored-up moisture. An
ImDortant point is in regard to packing the earth
around the roots. They should have close contact
with the ground 3 To do this, fill in around the
roots with finely pulverized earth, working it
under and around the roots by hand and compact
inr it If the earth is wetted down as It is put in; it
, makes a beautiful lawn tree ; either' the native or
, .' .the.Euronean SDecies may be planted. The sour
or black gum grows -under most adverse circum
stances, fbut apparentljj is not well suited f o
street pianting, although as an oramental tree it
deserves a place, "s-1. 4.'";; ,;'
Purchase trees from a rellanle nursery; beware
-C of : tree peddlers. .Choose healthy, well-formed
trees. Trees twd orthree inches 4n diameter 'and
ten or twelve feet . high are large enough for any
purpose. Where .smaller trees can be used, they
" generally give better results, .because the root
system'is less disturbed by transplanting. - Do
not expose the 'roots to the sun, : wind or frost
' Keep wet blankets or canvas wrapped tightly
about the roots, until the tree is ready to be set
, out ; then plant .with the least possible delay.
Trim off any broken; torn or in jured roots. Use
a sharp pruning. knife-and make a clean, . smooth
cut. Remove all broken, branches and cut back
' ; one-half to f our-fif ths of the previous year's
branch growth. ; The size of the top must be pro-'
portioned ' to the , size . of , the root system or tthe
roots will be unable to.supply sufliclentl water and
s food for satisfactory Cgrowth. Forest-grown trees
have poor root systems and must. be. severely.
1 pruned by remoylng the greater-, part of the side
- branches. Never cut back: the main stem or leader.
:' T; 4ig'-rWde, DttHolf,itv;.7
.Dig wide, deep holes. i; Trees become root-bound
.and make poor growth ,or ,die -If theroots are
. cramped or twisted.. The-holes should be a foot
or two wider and peeper, vthan is needed . to ac
commodate the roots, .For street trees,- the hole
should be about twi2;? iarge as the root system j
t actually requires. 1 Partly fill .the hole with rich
. loam and pack it down' well. r.If poor soil must be
used, .mix: with well-rotted .manure- Green ; or,
partly decomposed manure will burn the roots and;
must not be used. , , .
Do not plant the tree too deep. The. upper,
roots should lie only an Inch or two deeper In the
soil than V they grew originally. ? Spread . put the
roots in their - natural position and work, soil
around them, a little at a. time, compacting it firm
. ly with the fingers ,or a pointed stick. 1 Occasion
ally tamp it , with', the footfso that no air spaces,
remain.' Also-isee that the stem of the tree Is kept
perfectly vertical. Now water the soil, generously.
The final inch or two of soil should be left fine
-and loose over the top of., the hole, to act as a.
mulch. :-,. ',r yyh'':-'
After planting, v the tree should , be staked to
prevent it from swaying In the wind, and growing
crooked. The stake should be long enough to
support the trunk for twthlrds the height of the,
tree. Trees exposed to traffic, , horses and children
should be protected by suitable wooden or metal,
guards. In case any Injury to the young tree, re
sults, apply tree' surgery methods at once. - ,
1 Shallow cultivation of the. soli ;for three ,feet
around the tree is bemeflcial during the first . few
years of growth. Ixiosen the top soil .with; a spade,
or hoe several , times during ; the season to -.keep
down weeds and grass." During the hot, dry sum
mer months watering should be done, not of tener
than twice a. .week.. ' -v
Tree planting should form a permanent part of
the improvement program in every city and , town
in the United States. It should not be undertaken
in a temporary or haphazard manner; but it should
receive the constant thought and attention of those
iwho are interested in making the ' community at
tractive' and at the same time in adding to the
future timber, resources of the United States. 7 It
. must be remembered that what is done ! in one
city or two serves as an inspiration to others. '
lit. us keep in mind a thought of future so well
expressed In' the poem by Lucy Larcdm, who said :
"He who plants a tree y
' He plants love. - - . ; .
. , Tents of coolness spreading out above, . 1
. ; Wayfarers he may notvlive to see." :
. So in honoring loved ones let us of the present
fedar i, weepwg willows Everereen
0rnIii, Orl y cyPress. Monterey pine.
rgon and Washington ' (Columbia
Jtt ntotrn o much better contact
iianv trees which are unsuited for one reason or 1 look to the future and; by memorial tree planting
VTther for a sidewalk' are most attractive and make this a better country in which, to live, which,
mamental in a park or on a lawn. The beech, for after all, is all the memorial those loved ones ask.
instance which has no vatue for street planting, , Yet what a memorial. If It be accomplished I
Practically Noncfv of Fields. Given
Treatment Showed Any Signs -of
..'. Disease Farmers of Porter
. - .-County Lost $140,000.
- - ." . f . t - - . .
(Prepared by the United States Depart
. ment of Agriculture,) , J . -
Evidence that It pays to treat wheat
and oats. at the time, of planting with
formaldehyde to prevent smut is given
in reports of a number, of demonstra
tions conducted t by Indiana county
agents. Fields of oats in DuBoIs coun
ty, . sown with seed treated with for
maldehyde for smut as recommended
by the United States : department of
agriculture and the- State. Agricultural
college, showed practically none of the
disease, while fields planted from seed
not treated contained, about 15 per
cent smut according to the local coun
ty, agent's report , 'r- . ;
. . Work in Warren County,
As a s result of ? the demonstration
conducted by the county agent in
Warren : county it was found that a
plot of oats planted -with untreated
seed showed 33 per, cent; smut, while
another plot i the same field planted
with treated seed was free,, from the
disease. Other -Oat fields throughout
the county that were not treated were
Infested With: the disease in amounts
varying from 7 to 35 per cent ? v
As the result of the damage done by
wheat smut in Porter county, farmers
will lose about $140,000 on the crop,
according to statistics compiled by the
county agent In checking up the dam
age done by smut the agent found that
the disease fhad caused h per cent de
crease in the county's yield.. About
two-thirds of the farmers of the coun
ty treated their seed and effected a
saving of nearly $100,000. i V -iyJ.W.
' i U ; Smut In Steuben County.
.The county agent of Steuben county,
in company with a representative of
the United States department of agri
culture, found 6ne field of wheat with
as - much as . 84 per cent of smutted
heads, and considerably more than 50
' ment of Agriculture.)
A standard-bred stallion, Harvest -
Aid, txjyos, an animal of the very hlgh4 ,
est breeding type, , has recently been
purchased by the United States' de
partment of agriculture and placed at
the. government's new horse-breeding
stationat Buffalo, .Wyo. . Work at this
station is being carried on in co-operation
with the state of Wyoming, the
object being to develop utility, horses
especially - adapted toy western range
and farm conditions. v , Harvest Aid Is.
by the champion trotting stallion The '
Harvester, and his dam Is Santos -Maid,
a mare which holds the, trotting
record of . 2 ;08, and a daughter of ;."
If
V i aHV-
I I 1 1 HI
Protecting Seed Wheat Against' Smut
; by Formaldehyde Treatment
per cent of the crop was lost Other
fields showed as high asj:40 to 50 per
cent of scabl" Where wheat liad been
sown in corn stubble ground the scab
was much worse than where ' it fol
lowed f other crops. ; The agent ; took
advantage of the gatherings of farm,
ers while they were thrashing to show
how i smut and other cereal diseases
were causing losses and to demon
strate methods of seed treatment. ,
PASTURE FOR STOCK IN FALL
' " !.' " " - -
Highly Important to Keep Animals In
i , Good Condition Through Fall .
; . ; and Winter. f
f- -"'. - ' t r :
One of the essential factors in keep
ing live, stock, in good condition
through . the fall . and early winter,
which ... Js highly important, is good
fall pasture, says Andrew Boss, yice
director, of the Minnesota experiment
station.. Nothing excels the . grasses
for; pasture, though mixtures of the
grasses : and clover are better than ei
ther grasses or . clover alone, and fur
nish the best kind of feed for all kinds
of stock. . , - : '
. Where ;an abundance of cultivated
grasses can be obtained for pasturage,
no further attention need be given the
subject. . Meadow aftermath t contain
ing clover, or timothy and clover,
makes good fall feed. Clover growing
In the stubble field is also an excellent
fall pasture. Pasturing stock on clo
ver often enables the farmer to j?ick up
some .of the wasted grain,; and the
droppings of the live stock are bene
ficial to the" land. ; , . -: t
WOOD ASHES ARE VALUABLE
As They Have Peculiar- Fertilizing
Value They Should, Be Care ;
' ; i . fully Stored Away
.The fanner who burns wood for
heating or cooking should carefully
store the ashes and not permit them
to leach as they have a peculiar fer
tilizing value, 'They not, only contain
potash and phosphoric . acid in appre
ciable amounts, but also contain mag
nesia and lime, and when . applied to
the Jand they also act indirectly to
Increase , the available nitrogen . con
tent cf the organic matter in the soil.
A Sire That Insures an Improved Colt:
;"Crop.
Peter the Great, the leading sire of
speed in America. ' Harvest Aid is an
animal of great stamina, good size and
conformation,- and while he was . se
lected on his merits as an individual,
the horsemen of the department say
they are extremely fortunaW. in get-;
ting such) a well-bred animal j It Is not
the purpose at the; horse-breeding sta- v
tlpn . to develop speed, animals, but it '
Is "w.ell . understood " that a good stal
lion from a-family noted for Its speed f
is highly desirable for the production
of active utility horses. '
MAKE MONEY RAISING BARLEY'
Experiments. Show. It. Will Surpass
, , Corneas Ration ''v'f o-, Fattening ;
;;;;i ,lt v Jis J IfJProperly. Fed. .
- Experiments at thi Wisconsin ex
periment station show that barley will ;
surpass corn as a ration for fattening
hoajs Tif it is properly, fed. Twelve"
lots" of pigs were fed, using with some -
a ' ftPn"l Ttf Inn nrtSIla nthaiu nrnpo
given "barley. " The., return for ; eph
pig pyer the cost of feed was $14.38
for the barley-fed . pigs, and $12.38 for .,
the corn-fed pprkers. . - '
One of the most Interesting, facts -brought
out was the value of a barley
and whey combination, which netted a ,
handsome return, and the gains made -
with this ration were very .rapid.
. If you are in a region which is suit
ed tot the production of barley,' or if ;
juu luiTB ijeeu usiug it ,.ujs a uursu eruy
for alfalfa, do not, be discouraged by
the prospect of a lower price, due to
the curtailing of the use of barley in v
the brewing Industry. Perhaps it will t
pay you more than ever, as a feed for
your hogs and your other live stock.
LIMESTONE INCREASES YIELD
Demonstrations Carried On for Two
Years In Indiana to Show Value
of GroundiMaterial. ,
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of . Agriculture.) .;. "
For two years the county agent in
Jefferson county," Ind4 -has been car
rying on demonstrations' to show the "
value of ground. -limestone ion kcld
soils. In one demonstration this 'year
an average :of; 25 bushels of - wheat
were produced totheffsicre. Neigh-
bors ; who helped thrash this wheat7
and who have: land that' is just -as
good, except that they Jdld not ' make -applications
of ground limestone, ob-'
tained only 15 bushels "to . the acre.
This high yield is hardly an exception,
reports the ageht, for jsfonllar results
were obtamed :pywthIer: farmers in
the section wha-used -limestone, v . .
ADYAfJTAGES OF SAME BREED
Better Prices Secured From' Uniform
Product and Breeding Stock Ca. ;
KHZ 'v:' cured - Near" Home. :
XPrepared by the United States Depart
v . y - ment of Agriculture.) .
There are many advantages to be
gained when the stock raisers of one
community raise the same breed, t Bet-
ter prices may be secured from the .
sale of a uniform product and suitable '
breeding stock can be secured near
home. - - 1. .
FARMER WHO AIDS FERTILITY'
Dairyman Who Studies Feed for Land
Is Not Soil Robber Something
Must Be Put Back.' -
(Prepared by the United ' States Depart- r
- ment of Agriculture.) ;
The dairy farmer not only, studie!
how to feed his cow, but how to feed
his . land. He is not a soil robber, as
he realizes that the farmer .who re
duces the fertility of his land rebj
without ' reason, since he steals Irca
hixnselt" ' '