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POLK COUNTY' NEWS, TRYON, NORTH CAROLINA ,
d " jU Jiff V ' -'r- p"T ? improved innroiM international
TENNESSEE LAMB AND WOOL MARKETING '
CLUBS NOW : IN SUCCESSFUL OPERATION
(By REV. P. B. FITZWATKR. D.
Teacher of Ensflish Bible-in the .Moody
Bible Institute of Chicago.). 1 -(Copyright,
1919, Western' New8patr Onion)
4 x A
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7
EARCSING for a small,
thin, rose-tinted, almost
white caterpillar In 10,
000 acres of Texas cot
ton land ; confronted with
the necessity of making
-certain that in all that
area no single caterpillar
made good its conceal
ment in boll or stalk or
leaves or grass or trash; forced to
sweep every inch of the 10,000 acres
as closely as a scrupulous housewife
sweeps the kitchen floor and to sift
every pint of the sweepings as care
fully as a miser would sift dirt with
gold nuggets in it there is a task be-,
side which tTie. one of searching for a
needle in a haystack appears simple
and as requiring no patience worth
mentioning.
But that is exactly what the United
States department of agriculture, with
the help of the state authorities of
Texas did in the campaign for the
elimination of the pink bollworm of
cotton. It was done so successfully
that not a" single egg, larvaV of "mbtu .
of the pink bollworm appeared In. 1918,
a result that appears .to justify the
characterization of the job as the big
gest successful entomological experi
ment of its kind in history, ' - "
When it was first found that the
pink bollworm of cotton had gained
a footing upon the soil of the United
States, the consternation that resulted
hardly less than It would have
been if the discovery had been made
that German gunboats were coming up
the Mississippi river. But the con
sternation was among agricultural
scientists. The general public did not
know the desperate danger. The scien
tists knew, however, that, unless
checked, the little bollworm meant an
annual loss of not less than $50,000,
WO, if, indeed, it did not threaten the
existence of the cotton industry, and
their alarm was not materially less
ened because the infested area was
ted to small areas around Trinity
flay.-Beaumont,, and Hearne, Texas.
Tor the pink bollworm spreads, not
yards or acres, but by hundreds of
at a leap. The chief agent of
Gemination being man with his rail-"
J"i trains, the distance from Texas
t9 Georgia or North Carolina is no
jump, and it probably would not
w a direct jump. The larva would
e loaded into a car of cotton atBeau-Jont-
say, shipped to New Bedford,
as.,jnd left in the litter at the
Wtom of the car, which would then
J to Brockton for a load of shoes
jigned to Atlanta, and would final-
t swept out on some siding In the
u?ia cotton fields.
And there it would begin anew the
W tion that u has- wrought In
TO India, Japan, the Philippines,
, the Straits Settlements, the
" 7an Elands. Brazil. Mexico, and
"tuically
on the globe excent the United
n enomi . .
the v cotton, often reducing
et m vf Unt by 30 Per cent and
m Tes y more than 50 Per cent
on n .at,y lessening the quantity of
mi lrom the seed. In the.
aan Islands the cotton industry
ls been r.i.:i, ,
cause f L,caiIJ aoanaonea De-
,.' .r and Wherpvpr it hoe trnna
.industry hag
. at is why the A
suffered terribly.
Iture uepartment or agn-
Texas 'Vh, n lhe worm appeared in
W u?ht u worth while to un-
10 the arnn infnd
- 1U1COICU.
Criticism
Xofii
lnal of an insane asylum lis a
bel
iNnn ln the value of amuse-
r...,: . . "
p-v u luiuu , auu, i;uife
W. lau'11r comedian, he occas
i..,lsts at an entertainment.
l.. 'st npwv . ...
Serous "lumce was especially
BJ L but one man In the audi-
Nt
"fs 1 L W I I I I Zt 151 V m-m si 111!
tv V cuunce' a iook or per
3 ' his pvoo irt
lbl state
'
candid
V
of affairs," he con-
RobetcH
The danger from the pink bollworm
had long been recognized, and regula
tions were made by the government
requiring the fumigation of all cotton
from foreign countries before it could
be landed In the United States. Ev
ery possible precautionary measure
was taken, but there came one thing
against which even the government
could not guard. The great storm
that ravaged the Gulf country in 1915
washed ashore around Trinity Bay.
and possibly elsewhere on the Texas
coast, great quantities of cotton lint
and cotton seed.
Nobody gave any special thought to
the matter at the.momenU but when
the next year the pink bollworm ap
peared all around the bay, it became
apparent that some of the washed-up
cotton must have come f across the
Gulf from the Laguna district of Mex
ico, wjere the pest had gained a foot
ing some time earlier. That may not
have been the only source pt infesta
tion, but it wras the "one that gave the
greater part of the. .'trouble.
An oil mill at Hearne Had. received
some seed from Mexico in 1916, and
the bollworm appeared lift a few fields
in the immediate neighborhood of the
mill. The infestation at this point
was entirely eliminated In. short order,
however, by. uprooting and burning all
growing cotton, collecting and burning
all scattered parts; the prompt milling
and destruction of the seed, and the
shipment to Europe of the harvested
lint.
A mill at Beaumont, too, had re
ceived seed from Mexico and had vio
lated Us agreement to use it only for
milling. It developed that some of
this seed was sold to planters through
out a radius of 20 or 30 miles from
the mill. Each sale was traced and
the surrounding district included in
the clean-up operations.
But it was the washed-up cotton in
festation at Trinity Bay that developed
the really alarming situation, involving
more than 6,000 acres of cotton sur
rounding the bay, and it was there
tlmt the really big operations were
undertaken.
A lage force of experts and labor
ers not less than 800 negroes with
the voluntary assistance of any num
ber of farmers and members of their
families, was assembled, camps were
established, and the cleanup was be
gun on a thoroughly systematized plan
that Involved every inch of surface,
to make sure that no lurking place was
left for a larva to winter. All the
cotton grown in this area was taken
to Galveston under supervision and
shipped to foreign countries. .All seed
was milled under the direction of gov
ernment agents. The work ended
wth the whole area as clean as the
top of a table. . v
The result, naturally, was awaited
with much anxiety. yln the spring of
1918 the entire area was watched. The
planting of cotton was prohibited, of
course, and every stalk of volunteer
cotton was pulled up and destroyed af-
fided to a visitor after the doctor had
finished an amazing sort of highland
fling "a verv remarkable state of af
fairs, when they shut me up here and
leave him on the outside!"
r In Holland, Too.
The typical Dutch housemaid in
wooden 'clogs and multi-colored skirts
has passed away to make Toom for a
totally different kind of being. An
Sterdam lady, engaged not long ago
a new housemaid who stipulated that
she should have.two evenings a week,
ter careful examination. At the end
of the season the reports of all ' the
investigators showed that absolutely
no evidence of the presence of the
bollworm could be found.
But the success of the campaign will
not be regarded as absolutely certain
until two other summers have passed.
In the meantime the quarantine will
be rigorously enforced. ,
Prior to the discovery of the actual
presence of the pink bollworm in Tex
as the state, taking : precautions
against its presence not far away in
Mexico, had enacted legislation giving
authority to establish a zone free from
cotton culture on the border of Texas
adjacent to-Mexico-. . Since that ' time,
quarantine and cotton-free zones have
ben declared in three areas.
The normal planting of cotton in the
largest of these areas is about 50,000
acres and the inability to plant has,
of course, entailed hardship on the
planters. Individuals 137 to be ex
act disregarded the law and planted
some cotton, a. total of a few hundred
acres. Legal action was taken against
them and they have since signed an
agreement to bear all the cost of clean
ing up their farms, under the super
vision of government inspectors, and
to leave the disposal of the cotton
grown absolutely in the hands of the
authorities.
It Is Interesting to note that a con
siderable number of these so-called
outlaw cotton fields were discovered
by aerial observation. Much of the
country in the Infested areas is heav
ily timbered. Roads are neither plen
tiful nor good in many places, and It.
was possible for an outlaw planter to
tuck away a few acres of cotton in
some nook of the woods beyond prob
ability of discovery by ordinary means.
This gave the inspectors of the fed
eral horticultural board the Idea of
using airplane observers to spy out the
hidden fields. The scheme worked ad
mirably, the first flight alone reveal--ing
no less than seven outlaw cotton
fields which had escaped discovery by
all other means.
While a feeling of reasonable safety
is justifiable as o the elimination of
the bollworm from Texas, the danger
of new Infestation remains so long
as the bollworm exists in Mexico, and.
therefore, extreme vigilance will not
be relaxed. All railway cars and oth
er vehicles coming across the line are
inspected, cleaned, and fumigated.
The disinfection of cars and . freight
with gas from generators placed with
in the cars has been discarded as giv
ing no . security against Insects r that
might be resting on the exterior of
cars. Disinfection houses have been
erected Into which cars are. run and
disinfected both internally and exter
nally. - ,
The question is now raised: Has
the recent Gulf of Mexico hurricane
brought the pest again to the .Texas
shore ? The storm ravaged the Gulf
shore from Brownsville beyond to
Key West If the storm of 1915
brought the pest to the American
shore from Mexico, why should riot the
same conditions now obtain?
to enable her to attend rehearsals.
Asked to explain, "Dlentje" said that
she was a member of the orchestra
of the Concert! Gebouw (the Queen's
hall of Amsterdam), and needed leis
ure moments In which to pra ctlce
Brahms. Spohr, Bach and Beethoven
for the autumn concerts. London
Dally Express. ' M r V
" .
Chinese Unfversity Expands. V
The Fuklen Union university of
Foochow is... about - to erect a million
dollar group of buildings.
LESSON FOR OCTOBER 26
A LESSON IN TRUST.
; LESSON TEXT Matt; 14:22-33":
; GOLDEN TEXT-I believe; help thou
mine uneblief. Mark 9:24 1
V ADDITIONAL MATERIAL Mark 5 :22-
24; 35-43- Luke 17:18-23. -
I PRIMARY TOPIC Help In the storm.
i JUNIOR TOPIC Jesus comes to the
help of his disciples.
INTERMEDIATE TOPIC-Help when
most needed. ; ' :
SENIOR AND ADULT TOPIC An
ever-present helper,''
, The storm-tossed disciples on the
sea at night Is an example of the
struggling followers of the Lord In the
darkness of the present age, as they
are tossed by the tempests of the evil
one. . '.: ;' " - - ; ;
I. The Disci pies on the Storm-tossed
Sea (w. 22-24).- ,
1. They were sent across the sea by
Christ (v. 22). Doubtless his reason
for this was to keep them from en
tanglement In ... the movements of the
people to make him king, for in John
6:14, 15 It isl shown that the people
were so excited by the feed In e or the
five thousand that they were about to
make him king by force. Though they
were somewhat , unv iiilnff to; go.4t was
a mercy for him to" constrain them,,
2. Christ dismissed ;the multltqde
(v. 22). This maybe taken as typical
of his rejection of tfce nation whose
rulers had already rejected him.
3. Christ praying alone In the moun
tain (v. 23). ' Temptation to earthly
honor and power had come to him,
flierefore, he went to, the Father in
prayer 'for relief and strength,' The
need of prayer 1 s - greatest at f such
times. While his prayer rwas In part
for himself, yet it was for his disciples.
According to Mark 6 :48, he saw from
the mountain top the disciples tolling
on the storm-tossed sea.' We are nev
er out of his sights as ,we; struggle
against the storms of life, and.he ever
lives to make intercession for us..
II. Jesus Walking on theT Sea' (tv
25-27). . ; ;. j,,,;-,--
1. It was in the fourth watch of the
night (v. 25). He did not come to
them Immediately, but waited till al
most dawn. It was, however, the
darkest part of the night and physl-;
cal danger'was great, but their per
plexity of tnlnd was greater. They
knew that the Lord had sent them, but
why should they be In such straits If
he sent them ? A stormy - sea Is no
evidence that we are not In the Lord's
appointed way. The disciples' concern
should be to obey the commands of
the Lord, being assured that while do-,
ing his will he will protect them.
2. The disciples alarmed at his com
ing (v. 28). It was the coming of
their best friend to deliver them from
danger. He comes to us today In such
ways that sometimes we are affrighted.
3. Jesus words of comfort and good
cheer (v. 27). In the midst of their
distress they heard the Master's words,
"Be of good cheer ; It is I, be not
afraid." This changed their fear Inta
joy.
III. Peter's Venture and Failure
(vv. 28-33).
As soon' as Peter recognized the
voice of Jesus he cried, "Bid me cqme
to thee on the water." Jesus said,
"Come." Peter obeyed, and for a time
he walked upon the waves, without
sinking. His simple faith linked hlmi
with divine power and he was upheld ;
but as soon as he took his eyes off
his Lord and cesgjldered the raging sea
he bean to sink. " If w will but keep
our eyes on the Lord instead of the
waves we can outride the storms df life.
When Peter began to sink, he did the
sensible thing; he cried to the Lord for
help. Jesus reached forth his hand and
saved htm. He has never lost one who
honestly cried for help. When Jesus
entered the ship the wind ceased. The
people worshiped him as the Son of
God. No ship can go down with Jesus
on board. i '
Hath Not Where to Lay His Head.
People are to be pitied who have no
home. John Howard Payne in Paris,
homeless and miserable, uttered the
universal longing of the human heart
when In a cold and dreary garret he 1
wrote the words of "Home, Sweet
.Home." There are many people in the
world who are driven from , pillar to
post, and who can say of no spot on
earth, "This Is my home." Think par
ticularly of him who had come from his
Father's House to this Inhospitable
earth and who said, "The foxes have
holes, and the birds of the air have
nests, but the Son of Man hath not
where to lay hi j head." v
Sublime Sentiment. '
"Beware," said Lavater, "of him
who hates the laugh of a child." "I
love God and little children," was the
simple yet sublime sentiment of Rich-ter.-
Mrs. Sigourney.
The Heart of the Believer.
The heart of the" believer is the
home of God. The church of the Lord
Jesus is his holy temple. He dwells
here by his Holy- Spirit, and- makes
known through the church, to the prin
cipalities and thepovvers In the heav
enly places, his! manifold wisdom.
This' is a superlative honor. It brings
with a supreme obligation.
' One Thing at a Time.
The shortest way to do many things
s to do only one thing at a time.
CeciL
Sheep Are Prize Mortgage
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.) ,
Lamb and wool marketing clubs have
been in successful operation in Ten
nessee pr more than 25 years. They
were the outcome of unsatisfactory
marketing conditions in the Iamb-producing",
sections tof w Tennessee. . The
plan originated at Goodletsville, where,
there is a club with a membership of
50 persons living v within a radius of
three miles from the shipping stations,
and its success has prompted farmers
in thsr sections to organize In a sim
ilar" manner.
The organization -of .these clubs Is
comparatively simple. The officers
consist of a president and a secretary
treasurer, who with three other members,-
form K: an executive committee,
the chairman of which is the secretary
treasurer. The annuaT meeting for the
election of officers, is held early in the
spring, that each member may report
the number, of lambs and the amount
of wool that he will have to sell.
7 Sold to Highest Bidder.
The secretary-treasurer advertises
for- sealed bids on the lambs owned
by the club. The advertisement indi
cates the number, grade, and quality
of the lambs, and the date shipment
will be made. The lambs are then
sold 'at the shipping point to the high
est bidder,1 the executive committee re
serving the privilege of rejecting all
bids in case they seem too low. On
the shipping date the executive com
mittee is on hand to grade the lambs
COMPLAIN AT PRICE
OF ACID PHOSPHATE
Figures Quoted by Manufacturers
Are Too High.
Strikes and Car, Shortage In Florida
and Tennessee Fields Have Com-
bined to Reduce Production
v and ' Shipments.
Prepared by the ; United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
The United States department of
agriculture has received numerous
complaints regarding the price of acid
phosphate as compared with the prices
of mixed fertilizers. The price quoted
by manufacturers during the spring of
1919 to dealers or individuals ordering
30 tons or more was $24 a ton f. o. b.
Baltimore, Philadelphia and Carteret.
The price asked for the fall trade is
$22.50 a ton.
.It will be recalled, that the depart
ment on June 7 Issued a statement to
the effect that farmers should be able
to obtain mixed, fertilizer in the fall
of 1919 at prices' approximately 30 per
cent lower than those which prevailed
In the spring. This statement was
based upon information that had been
obtained from manufacturers, but it
was expressly stated that the price of
acid phosphate was being further In
vestigated. Obviously, the price of this
material has not decreased by 30 per
cent, and the . department, in letters
to manufacturers, has expressed the
view that the prices quoted above are
too high.
It has also advised all acid phos
phate manufacturers that in the fu
ture it will require them to base the
price of straight acid -phosphate, as
a separate commodity, on the actual
cost of the materials of manufacture
and sale, plus u reasonable profit, and
that the cost of manufacturing mixed
goods must not be prorated on that
portion of the acid phosphate which
is sold as such.
Since the prices of add phosphate
were indicated to the department by
the fertilizer manufacturers, the prices
of crude acid phosphate have advanced
to such a point that the dry mixers,
who buy the crude material, crush,
mill screen, and bag it, complain that
they can not handle it with a profit
.at the price they had agreed to sell
it for. Strikes in Florida and car short
ages ln both the Florida and Tennessee
fields have combined to reduce produc
tion and . shipments. , The department
has laid the situation fully before the
railroad administration and has urged
that sufficient . cars be made avail
able for fertilizer deliveries in the In
terest of crop production.
It has also notified the phosphate
miners and the acid phosphate mann
f acturers that the present prices of
rock 'phosphate, or of. acid phosphate,
must not be advanced without submit
ting the proposed Increases to the .de
3 - y"N -Wt f-'
Lifters When Well Managed.
brought in by each farmer. All Iambs
not up to the advertised standard are;
returned , to', the farmer, ' who either
holds them over for some future ship
ment or sells them at a sacrifice. This,
has the beneficial Influence: of training
the owners to deliver only those lamtis--which
wfll come within the grades ad
vertised by the committer. ;
The day for the wool sale is advert
tlsed, that. bidders may be on hand tx
see ihe. fleeces," which are graded Into
No. 1, clear ; No. 2, slightly burry; No
'3, 'hurry;' and No. 4, hard hurry. EaclL
grade is weighed, and sealed bids arc
received by the committee, which also
reserves the privilege of rejecting ell
bids. i
All Share Equally.
The farmer who owns a small flotikr
of ewes has the same advantage in
marketing his lamfcs as the large, pro
ducer. Expenses are made proportion
ate and all receive the benefit of com
petitive bids. The results are " seen
principally in the better prices obtain
ed. It is stated freely that the club
members receive from $1 to $2 a hun
dredweight more for lambs of the same .
grade and 2 cents per pound more for
wool than farmers in the community
who have not the benefit of co-operative
selling. The members are en-
couraged to follow uniform method
In breeding and handling their flocksv
with the result that the clubs have an
established reputation in many of the--large
markets for the uniformity "ani.
high quality of their lambs and wool..
partment, accompanied by specific-1
data showing any real "and unavoid
able increase that may have occurred
in the costs of production. ' Such In-
crease in costs, in the opinion of the
department, would be the only possible
justification for any advance in the
prices that prevailed in June. The de
partment holds that a mere shortage
of supply In the existing circumstan
ces is not in Itself a sufficient Justifies-,
tion for increased prices.
GOOD CdVER FOR HAYSTACKS'
nple Protection Afforded by- Layej;
of Coarse Grass, Such as Millet,, v ;
Sudan or Sorghum. . "? ?y
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
High price of hay makes It essen
tial that farmers top off their hay- ,
stacks with proper covers for protec
tion of the dry forage against weath
ering, A cheap and simple cover, fox-,
any stack or rick of hay may be made;
by spreading a layer, about four
Inches thick, , of some coarse grassy .
such as millet, sudan grass, fine
sorghum, or some coarse wild grassi
over the top of the stack or rick, plac- .
ing long poles over the hay, and then-'
binding these poles permanently in.
place by the use of wires weighted
down at both ends. Where the hay
is stacked out of doors in oblong rickv
a satisfactory cover may often be
made by using 12-lnch boards 1 to
Inches in thickness, cut as long as the
rick, which may be wired together
and. lapped like shingles to form a
satisfactory cover over the hay. Some
farmers have been successful in using
crimped galvanized roofing or corru
gated roofing witjh the edge bent to In
terlock In the same manner as a pro
tection for hay-ricks. . ,
Livestock
Not es
Old sows farrow heavier pigs than
young sows do.
Alfalfa is a great feed for the brood
sow ln summer and winter. ,
. . w -:
Alfalfa provides a large amount of
nutriment for every kind of stock.
. Horse kindness : Load lightly and
drive slowly. Stop in the shade IT
possible. ? - ; - ;
" I
Give the colt plenty of room In
which to stretch his legs, but better
not let him follow into the field.
Fesh air and sunlight combat dis
ease In the stable. Dairy barns should
be airy barns. Ventilation is conser
vation.
Hogs should be supplied with suit
able green forage and so managed as.
to consume as much of - It without
waste as possible, since forage Is by
far the cheapest feed that . can bo
used. -
-
"v,