?omatvce ?
Bclicious
Tw
vr&oRoirf
By ROBERT H. MOULTON
C1IE world is full of raonu
ments erected to the mem
ory of notable men and
women, and in commemo
ration of notable events,
and even famous race
jjv - horses and pet cats and!
dogs have had their merits I
extolled on granite shafts. 1
But the only monument to
a tree of which there is any record
stands in a held in Madison county,
Iowa, and tells the romance of the
big red DAiclous apple, which was
born in Iowa, and is now known and
grown in every quarter of the globe
where I'omona waves her waniL^
This unique monument di
cated on August 15 U>jJjA<[farent De
licious tree which is still standing
and still bearing apples abundantly
after a life of 50 years. Its offspring,
in trees distributed and planted, num
ber more than 7,5(XMKiO. According
to the lowest estimate by experts,
fully a third of the baby trees have
survived and grown to producing age.
The same experts- estimate that the
annual crop of apples from these trees |
brings in the markets $12, 000, (XX) an- 1
nuallv. Therefore, the fifty-year-old
tree, near which has been placed this
memorial, a granite boulder suitably
inscribed, may call itself the $12,000,
000-a-year apple tree.
The story yf the Delicious apple
tree is a pon
jological romance with
out a precedent. Back in the fifties a
young Quaker! fanner left his home
in Indiana and settled in Madison
couny, Iowa, near the little town of
Feru. Jesse Hiatt was his name. He
loved the apple and the apple tree
with the love of one who knew their
secrets. To him an apple was an
institution, and a new apple was an
epoch-making event. The new settler
planted an orchard shortly after he
acquired his farm. He made a spe
cialty of apple trees. He grew trees
of the popular varieties of that time,
always seeking something newer and
better.
One day in the spring of 1S72 Hiatt
found that a Belltlower seedling in
his orchard had died, but from the
root had sprung a tiny shoot. He
resolved to watch that apple sprout
and see If it was worth while. He
would give it a chance in the world.
A few years later the Bellilower or
phan reached the producing point. A
few buds were observed in spring.
By midsummer :he buds had become 1
tiny apples. By early antumn the
baby apples had grown to big red |
ones, and from each emanated a most
delicious aroma. Jesse Hiatt plucked
one and ate it. The flavor, like the
aroma, was delicious. The apple tasted
like no other apple that he had
eaten. The shape was different. Each
apple on the tree had a quintet of
rounded knobs, well defined. This
precluded it being a Belltlower apple,
in the opinion of Jifrsse Hiatt. It must
be something else ? a new apple alto
gether.
Thus it came about that, in honor
of his adopted state, Hiatt gave his
new apple the name of the Hawkeye,
Iowa's nickname. For 15 years after
bearing its first crop the new tree
bore annually, and increasingly, be
fore its discoverer found a way of
making it known beyond his neighbor
hood. There, in the midst of Hiatt's
big orchard stood the single tree,
sturdy, a rugged trunk, branches radi
ating with strong self-support, the foli
age of a glossy green, the fruit a rich
red glory.
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Hiatt hoped to introduce his new
apple by selling to some nursery the
right to use scions from the tree for
reproduction. A scion, horticulturally
is a slip or cutting from a twig or
shnot of 'a tree, for grafting or plant
ing. Ever since 1 SI 0 there had been
in Pike county, Missouri, near the
little city of Louisiana, a nursery,
whose management was on the watch
for new varieties; but this was more
than 'J(K) miles from the Hiatt orchard,
and the old man's efforts to market
apparently did not reach that far.
In 1803, however. Uiatt learned that
every autumn there was held in the
city of Louisiana a fruit show con
ducted by Clarence LI. Stark, then
president of the Stark nurseries, a
grandson of the founder, lie wondered
if Stark would be interested in his
Hawkej"e apple. He decided to send
down a few for the fruit show any
way, and accordingly boxed four
Hawkeye beauties and shipped them
to Louisiana.
They were placed on display, along
with apples of many varieties from
Missouri and other states and with
samples of various other fruits. Some
of the displays were much more notice
able, having many more^than a mere
quartet of samples.
The beauty of the Hawkeye apples
caught Stark's attention at once. Their
aromatic fragrance caused him to
pause and pick up one of the apples.
The man who knew apples from A to
Z and back again bit into the Hawk
eye.
"Delicious!" he cried, "Delicious!"
Then eagerly he took another bite,
and another, and several more, for the
Hawkeye was a big fellow. Finally
he had devoured the entire apple,
there being no core to speak of. Then
he looked to see who was making this
exhibit but unfortunately the tag of
the exhibitor had got lost in the shuf
fle and there was no way of telling
where the apples had come from.
There was nothing to do but wait,
in the hope that the unknown exhibi
tor would send samples the next year.
And he did. In 1894 Hiatt sent an
j other modest showing of Hawkeyes,
securely tagged. Stark carefully
opened the exhibit shipments himself
that time, with the express purpose
of finding the mysterious new apple
about which he had dreamed for a
whole year; and he found it. lie
recognized the apple by its aroma even
before he opened the package.
He wrote to Hiatt immediately and
soon a contract to propagate and mar
ket all scions from the tree was made.
Mr. Stark always carried with him a
little note book in which he jotted
down appropriate names so they would
be ready for new fruits whenever they
were discovered. For a number of
years he had retained in the book one
name for which he hoped some day
to find a new fruit worthy to bear it.
'Developed' Monstrosities
In ancient, medieval and later times
dwarfs were in so much demand as per
sonal attendants of noblemen and their
wives that the Romans practiced some
method of ?aarflng the poor. Bishop
Berkeley had an idea that he could
manufacture giants, and accordingly
adopted an orphan named Magraph.
and Is believed to have fed. him on
mucilaginous foods and drinks, though
there is no actual proof of it, but he
was nevertheless so successful In his!
treatment of him that at the age of
sixteen Magraph was seven feet iaU,
and at his death, which occurred with
all the symptoms of old age, at twenty,
he measured 7 feet 8 inches.
Cattle Graze in Fields All Winter.
It is because of the warm Chinook
winds that cattle on the prairies of
Alberta, Canada, can graze in the
fields all winter, a snowfall of a foot
or more disappearing in a few hours
before the warm, dry breath of. the
That name was "Delicious," and the !
moment he hit into the samples sent
by Jesse iliatt he knew he had found j
the apple he had so long nought.
So the exclamation "Delicious 1" not i
only expressed the delight of an ap
ple connoisseur hut named, on the in
stant, a new apple. The Ilawkeye
firm that time forth has heen the
Stark Delicious and that name is
registered in the patent ollice at Wash- l
ington. I
With thejiamlng and arrangements !
for introduction completed, the next I
problem was testing the tree and fruit
in various apple regions. It had been
estimated that from forty to fifty
years were required for successful ;
apples to become known by the fruit
growing public. Fifty years is a long I
time, and Mr. Stark felt that If this I
new apple was as widely adapted and
as valuable as he thought it would be,
it would mean too great a loss to the
fruit world to wait that long.
So he adopted the novel plan of
sending out each shipping season a
few young Delicious trees free with
the vurious orders going to different
parts of the country. He felt that
these trees would tell the story. If this
apple, like some other sorts, would suc
ceed only in a limited territory, there
would be little heard from the trees.
On the other hand, If It was widely
successful under varied conditions of
soil and elimnte, he firmly believed
the Delicious would revolutionize all
established ideas of apple growing.
How this unusual test turned out is
well known. Several years after the
first Delicious trees were sent out let
ters began to come In from all parts
of the country, at first gradually and
then in a flood. Everybody wanted
to know the name of the new apple
which didn't taste like other apples
but had a distinctive flavor all its
own. They wanted to plant more of
them. And thus the Delicious started
it flight toward national and, event
ually, international recognition.
Mexicans in American Cities.
New York hns a large number of
Mexicans and Chicago is said to have
4,000. Many of them are working in
the stockyards, having been imported
to meet the shortage of labor. They
are settling In the old Irish section
east of the yards. The railroads em
ploy many hundreds, housing them
generally in box cars which have been
fitted up for bunkhouses. Social and
religious organizations have taken
cognizance of the local Mexican popu
lation. The Presbyterian denomina
tion maintains a church or mission for
them at the Jefferson Park church,
West Adams and South Throop streets,
and also has a Spanish-speaking min
ister at large for the settlements.
Very often special school arrange
ments are made for the migratory
workers.
Chinook. Not all the warm winds of
Montana and the regions north and
south have their orilgin west of the
Rockies. Various causes contribute
to the formation of descending air.
and when the descent is a number of
thousands of feet, the winds resulting
are always warm. Such winds blow
over prairie regions west o: the Mis
souri. but not always adjacent to the
Rockies. Similar warm winds are
known in other parts of the world, as
in Switzerland, where they are called
Fehn winds.
LAID ON ALTARS
In All Ages Weatth Has Flowed
Into Religious Temples. !
Gold, Silver and Precious Gem? Of
fered at Tribute Both to Idols
and the Unseen God*
Requisition of church valuables by
the soviet government, reported in dis
patches from Itussia, raises a question
as to the wealth of the various re
ligious institutions of the world.
"Since the dawn of history people
have been lavish with their gifts for
religious purposes, whether they wor
shiped idols or an unseen God," says
a bulletin from the headquarters of the
National Geographic society.
"The result is that in all ages treas
ure, usually in the form of gold and sil
ver and precious stones, has flowed to
temples and churches, monasteries and
other religious institutions. In any pe
riod and in most parts of the world,
then, except during recent decades in
the West, a considerable part of the
liquid wealth of the world has been In
ecclesiastical hands.. Only the" treas
uries of temporal princes surpassed
those of the religious institutions, and
in some instances, as in Tibet, the
monasteries and temples held practi
cally all the country's treasure.
"Archeologists find pagan temples of
civilization's dead for thousands of
years were ornamented with a wealth
of precious metals. Indian temples of
several faiths have had their rich
treasuries an<j their ornaments of gold
a?d silver for cehturies, and they have
made use, as well, of a glittering ar
ray of diamonds, rubies, sapphires and
other jewels. Many an idol today,
from the dim Interiors of Indian tan
pies, looks out through eyes of great
lustrous, precious stones and wears
other gems that might ransom an em
peror.
"Christianity had to fight for its life
for the first 300 years of its existence
and its rites were carried on in the
simplicity that secrecy made necessary.
Hut with its official recognition came
the tendencies which had marked most
of the openly accepted religions which
had come before; toward the making
of gifts to churches by devout follow
ers and powerful patrons and toward,
the use of more elaborate and costly
paraphernalia in the services. Con
stantino, first Christian emperor of
IJome, lavished gifts on St. Peter's i
church in Rome and on Sancta Sophia
in his own capital, Constantinople. He
thus had a hand in enriching the two
most famous, and once the two richest,
churches in Christendom,
"The marked enrichment of Chris
tian churches began in earnest in Italy j
and the East in the Fifth and Sixth
centuries and spread in early medieval
times to France and other western
countries. Not only did the churches j
accumulate gold chalices, patens, can- j
delabra and other small objects, but j
many had large screens of gold and \
silver, as well as fonts and statues. To
a few of the churches, altars of solid
I
gold were presented, but later church j
regulations prescribed stone and wood
as the only permissible materials for
altars. Precious stones also came in j
use to ornament images of the saints, j
or as gifts to them. Thus the Sacred
Baby of the Church of Ara Coeli in :
Rome has been given over a space of
many years a wealth of Jewels.
"The accumulation of treasure by
temples and churches and monasteries
has not been unbroken. Time and
time again these convenient stores of
precious metals and precious stones
have been seized by conquerors. Pa
gans have looted the shrines of other
pagans. Mohammedans looted Roman j
churches, including St. Peter's in 846,
and the churches of Constantinople
in 1453. Sancta Sophia, after the
break between the western and east
ern churches, was sacked by western
Christians during the fourth crusade.
Church vessels were taken or de
stroyed in many cases at the time of
the Reformation."
American Boy Child at Seventeen.
In America a boy is still a child at
seventeen. In England he is a man,
with a man's air, a man's costume and
a man's interests, having put away
childish things,, which still exist in
spite of his clothes. He does not go
tearing down the street in his long
trousers and higlr hat as would an
American boy if he was initiated into
the same costume at the same age.
An American boy would (and let
us hope he always will) destroy the
whole effect and would run around the
corner to the nearest pump to meas- |
ure the fluid capacity of his wonderful
headpiece or to fill it with luscious
stolen fruit. ? Exchange. '
American Milk in Hungary.
American evaporated milk has scored
a hit In Hungary. There Is a great
scarcity of fresh milk and there has al
ways been a prejudice against the
canned article which is in extensive
use in the United States and other
countries, but recently a quantity of
evaporated milk was sent there
through the American relief, and It
has made its way Into public favor.
Preparations are being made to take
large quantities of It, as it has been
shown that it can be sent there at a
cost much less than the dairy prod
uct can be obtained.
Appreciation.
"John, dear, did you enjoy the
Welsh- rabbit I made?"
"Darling l And the biscuit^ ! Enjoy
them? Why, I couldn't sleep all night
for thinking about them !M ? Richmond
Times-Dispatch.
SHOWED LIFE IN OLD EGYPT
A
Remarkable Picture of Daily Routine
of Thousands of Years Ago Re
vealed in Tomb.
It is difficult to bejieve that anything
happening today is as significant or as
interesting as things that happened in
Egypt a few thousand years back. Be
sides, the history of present-day Egypt
mi?ht as well be that of India or Syria
or any number of other countries. The
effort t3 attain self-relaxation, natural
self expression, is now a matter of
stenciled pattern. It involves trite
slogans. It makes use of the familiar
weapons of boycott and strike. It is
recklessly extruvagant with ink.
I do not mean to belittle national as
pirations ? but the exploring mind finds
greater novelty in the marvelous de
lineation of Egyptian life on the walls
of Ti's tomb at Sakkaru, Gertrude Em
erson writes in Asia. The sacrificial
bulls are hobbled and thrown. Ti and
his wife inspect the forced fattening
of geese, the feeding of cranes in the
poultry-yard. She kneels by his side,
and together they watch the harvest
operations, the reaping of corn, the
loading of sacks upon the backs of
asses, the treading out of grain by
the oxen. Three village elders are
brought to the estate office by over
seers to give evidence concerning
taxes. Ships are being built, with
animated conversation going on among
the workmen. Carpenters are sawing;
men are blowing a furnace. The ljfe
of the Delta is depicted with a thou
sand intimate details. TI is sailing
through the papyrus marshes in a boat,
superintending fishing and bird-snar
ing. Some of the men harpoon hip
popotamuses while others draw in the
fishnets and empty the narrow-necked
baskets. A hippopotamus bites a croco
dile. The thickets are filled with
birds, fluttering about or sitting on
their nests. Cattle returning from
pasturage are led through the shallow
water; one man carries a sheep on his
back. Two dwarfs are seen leading
a j)et ape atid a leash of greyhounds.
And I came up out of the crowded
tomb with its marvelous lore of life
and retraced my steps across the sand
of the empty desert, where shards are
strewn and bits of broken blue porce
lain continually catch the eye, past
the colossal statue of Rameses II,
lying, prone in indignity, near the dirty
little village of Mit Rahineh, which
once was Memphis, and so back to
Cairo, with its cosmopolitan uproar,
its sophistication, its flaring hatred of
Europe and its new-horn interest In
politics. The tomb seemed far closer
to realities.
Eyesight and Marksmanship.
Some curious researches have been ,
made by army surgeons to determine
the relationship between good eyesight
and good target practice. It would
appear, at first glance, that the two
things must invariably depend the one
upon the other. But the facts lead
to a different conclusion. At least,
they show that one inay have very de
fective eyesight and yet be a very ac
curate marksman. Astigmatism, my
opia and other defects of vision may
exist In a marked degree without de
stroying the ability to aim and shoot
straight. In various armies soldiers
are permitted to shoot from the right
or the left shoulder, according to their
own preference, which is often guided
by the superiority of one eye over the
other. Accuracy of judgment counts
for as much as acuteness of vision
with the good marksman. ? Washing
ton Star.
Sun-Loving Star Gazer.
She was a sun-loving Smith college
freshman from the South, and al
though greatly interested in studying
the stars, she fouod as the weather
grew colder that she could hardly en
dure the night observing that her as
tronomy course required. So she took
the advice of her friends and tried
hats, fur coats, woolen stockings and
warm gloves galore, but her hands and
feet still froze and she was miserable.
One night she appeared at the observ-,
atory with a beaming face and hands
that were to stay warm. She had
solved her perplexing problem. In
either bulging pocket was a metal hot
water bottle filled with the hottest
water that her house could provide,
and, although for the first night of her
experiment her hands sought her
pockets more often than her books,
she now does her observing almost will
ingly. ? Chicago Journal.
Soldier Ants.
Before the biological society in Lon
don a naturalist described his studies
of the African termites, or white ants.
Certain individuals in every nest have
no other apparent function except
that of fighters or soldiers. Some have
a long beak from which they eject an
acrid, corrosive fluid ; others inspire
terror by making a loud clicking
noise with frheir mandibles; but they
neither shoot nor bite. One singular
observation of the naturalist was that
the soldier ants, which rush out to de
fend an attacked nest, do not return
to the nest, but wander about and soon
perish from exposure to the outside
air.
Wiping Out Pests.
A record of 303 pocket gophers and
99 moles caught in 11 months ending In
November, obtained for Roy Hanen
krat, an Oregon boy, a prize of $25.
Another boy, Ferdinand Beeker, caught
820 moles and received a second prize
of $15. These boys were taking part
In a contest organized fli Tillamook
county, Oregon, to eradicate these
pests. The county was divided into
three districts, and prises amounting
to $50 were allotted to each district
Forty boys and girls entered the con
test.
will lib 1
td ni m
TENTATIVE PLAN WORKfQ r , 1
AGREEABLE BOTH COy.
MISSIONS. I
RECALL BRINGS SliPl?
Despite Departure of British Cor>-,
sion, Early Agreement W ... ?
Not Be Surprising.
WASHINGTON. ? AUh^.y .v
British debt commissicn s
Itome with the mission whirl, :
it to America uncompleted. ?.?.
formed officials in Washington
no means pessimistic over ?!
bility of an early agreemi;;r
refunding of the British w;ir i
the United States.
In view of the TArts dis- he ; ?
the first time, some of thos" i, ...
with the recent exchanges
the British and American comb
ers would not be surprised if !?;. ?
assent to settlement plans tenti
worked out here is given soon . : <?
Chancellor Baldwin and his coi I ? : _ .
of the British commission arriv. ia
London.
While the greatest reserve Is s!
here regarding the nature of this
tative plan, it is known that it r ; ...
sents the well considered judgm< :? [
both commissions as embodying ? -
maximum concessions that might r> <?
sonably be granted by the ITn i * 4
States. In view of the advanced s*. <r.
which has been reached in the di- ?;<
sions, 1 the sudden decision of tho lir
ish government to recall its conn . v
sioners to London for consultation. In
stead of authorizing them to comiti.!*
the agreement.
As the home government had h ? n
kept fully informed of every step in
the progress of the negotiations :?
had been assumed that the ahs^:. 0
of objections to the plan as it de
veloped could be construed only -is
forecasting assent to the final stages
The conclusion has been drawn in
diplomatic circles here that the Lr:
change in the European political si"
tion after the two commissions lv : ::
their work caused the British gov. ^
ment to hesitate to assume any r. a
financial burdens at this tfrnp -c
if was assured of the ahiliiy ot ?
taxpayers to bear them.
Among the many elements nf
prehension which thusi may hav<> "n
fluenced British n^icials, are enu:
rated the possibility of an expen.vvo
war with Turkey, heavy losses of
as the result of the operations of
French in the Ruhr, followed by ir
creasing unemployment of Engl Is?!
workmen, unrest in India, and unsatis
factory conditions in Egypt, which
might make it necessary to modify he?
present independent status. To tip up
the government In such an enorirmu*
financial transaction as that conten:
plated by the commission under tb/^n
ends is said to have been viewed as
hazardous in the extreme.
Car Carried North Carolina License.
Jacksonville, Fla. ? Although Thorna?
creek, 20 miles north of here, was dy
namited four times following the find
ing of an automobile submerged at
the end of a "blind" road, without any
bodies bing revealed, county officers
were of the opinion that several per
sons perished when the car catapulted
into the stream. The creek will be dy
namited further downstream.
The outomobile, which was re
moved from the water, bore a Greens
boro, N. C.. city license No. 307, and
a North Carolina state license No. 40.
735. There was a shriner's emblem
on the front of the car.
A short distance from where the
automobile was submerged were found
a baby's tin horn, a pair of woman's
stockings, a handkerchief, some or
angeB and crackers. These articles
had lodged in some vegetation grow
ing near the bank.
A farmer, hearing the automobile
going down the "blind" road, went to
investigate and found the machine in
the water. The road ends at the
stream.
Peacock to be Given Hearing.
Lakeland. Fla. ? Dr. J. W. Peacock
who escaped from the criminally in
sane department of the North Caro
lina state prison and who recently
was declared sane at Arcadia, Fla.,
will return to North Carolina without
requisition papers provided he is as
sured no technical charge is placed
against him and he would be tried only
for insanity, it was reported.
The decision is said to have been
arrived at at a conference between
Dr. Peacock and his attorneys. Dr.
Peacock has been visiting here but
could not be located.
Forest Fires Raging.
Kinston, N. C. ? LeQrange reports
told of extensive forest fires in that
flection. Several thousand acres of
-wooded land have been burned over.
Houses have been threatened in some
localities. One farmer reported sev
eral hundred dollars' damage on his
premises from a blaze started by rab
bit hunters in an adjacent thicket
Rainfall over the district has been be
tow normal for several months. The
farmers have been compelled to quit
work to cope with the fires in some
places.