?OIK /ALUE of alfalfa pasture farmers and Swin? Breeders Inter ested in Experiments Con ducted in Nebraska. K story of value to farmers and hog nuv,.,s Is found in a report of exper I'* Nebraska In feeding pigs on ilfsilfti pasture. ..purine the summer of 1916, three |tl(S of 20 pi^'s were fed corn )n,l P?t cent protein tankage in 0lf f,.,.,l?-rs while running in fields of a-i fwMm M p.gs on Alfalfa Pasture Do Not Need Much Grain. Three similar lots of pigs avr?* ;Vd t!ie same ration but were M.: ? i;i a dry lot where there was no _ v'i'. '"?*? *d. Two lots of piprs were on rr. ;i d::.vs. two lots on trial 42 days, two lots on trial 70 days. The art-rase weight of the pigs in the vari ,,-js lets ranged from 37 to 47 pounds v ! i ? * 1 1 the tests began and from 47 to ')'> poiimis when the tests ended. -'Hie pigs in the dry lots ate 4.18 ;t, iih'is of tankage per 100 pounds of .-urn and tankage, while those on pas rare ate 3.S5 pounds of tankage for .?:i ? *! i l ? n ? pounds of com and tankage. Tlie pi~s on al?ttlfa gained at the rate >f >7 pound per day, while those In tla* dry lor gained at the rate Of .32 jM?un?l a day. The pigs In the dry lots ire pounds of corn and 23 pounds -.if tankage to produce 100 pounds gain, ;v|ii!?' those, on alfalfa pasture ate 297 pounds of corn and 14 pounds of jtank h.v to produce 100 pounds' gain. Access ? ? alfalfa pasture reduced the grain mm*. 'it to produce 100 pounds of guln i early one-half. "Considering corn worth $1.40 per or S'tO.OO per ton and tank worth .<1 <>0 per ton, the cost of .-??rn and tankage for 100 pounds of .'a in In the alfalfa field was $8.12 as against S l.~>.47 in the dry lot. Alfalfa pasture reduced the cost of gains near lv one-half." . BITS OF WIRE IN COW FEED Lodgment of Small Piece of Metal l? Sure to Cause Injury and Pain to Animal. Many fnrniers and stock keepers are (uivlcss In allowing bits of metal, nails, wire, etc., to get into the manger Toiuh an?l palls where the cows and h!w>s feed. Cattle are voracious f^Hers and take up their feed in large mn'.rhfiils, chewing It but little and Mowing it by wholesale. Hence, -nils, pins, small pieces of wire and i "i' h like are quite likely to be taken ' i'? w:fh the feed and pass into the; *''!!j.i<-h or lodge at some point along , *' ?? " liannel. '."?lament of a piece of metal is sure inflammation and pain to the a i ut!. Tsually a pointed piece of does not reijiain long in one i' very movement of the animal "r.;ui drives it a 1 i tie farther in the !ir.? iion of least resistance, and the r,s'ilt is that a long line of Inflamma ':"H and festering is set up in the suf ? '?r animal. A had feature of the is that when a vital organ is r'-;t<-h?Ml by f lie moving piece of metal ''?a!h usually follows, and the owner ",f,D itttributes the loss to some other WELL-BRED ANIMAL FAVORED ! Be Put in Good Condition fjor Market in Much Shorter Tima Than Can a Scrub. TIim wel]-f)red beef animal, owing f? feeding quality, can be put !n ^"<'d . condition for the market In time than can a scrub. At the fl4'' time such an animal can also be to advantage for Just as long a Period hs a scrub. This means that j tli'TH, is gh'ater opportunity for sell- j ?''L' ?! well-bred animal on a good i auir|;?.f jhan Is the case with a scrub . must be feci for a longer period j n ??n ler to be salable at a reasonable . Prir-e. . ? Exercise for Horse. W??rk provides exercise for the h"rM' nnd Insures keeping him In vlg healthy condition. It also ac MNf"ms him to being handled by a ,1U|". an important factor In the devel 'Mi't-nt of stallions. Buttermilk for Pigs. Sfale buttermilk, if kept clean, e'V(*s just as good results as fresh bat ,Hrmllk in pig feeding. The trouble, A,|?n trouble occurs, is generally due r? lack of cleanliness, which causes di disturbances. MAKE MONEY RA1SIN3 GEESE Success Can Bo Had With Small Num bers Whsre Thsrs Is Low Pas ture and Water. The Toulouse and Emden are the most popular breeds of geese In this country. The Toulouse is the largest breed, the adult gander *ud geese weighing 25 and 20 pounds, respective* ly, while the standard weights of the Emden are 20 and 18 pounds., Geese can be raised in small num bers successfully and at a profit on many farms where there is low, rough pasture land containing a natural sup ply of water. The market for geese U not so general as for chickens, but the demand and prices are especially good in sections where goose fattening is conducted. (Jeese need only a house during cold or stormy weather, when an open shed should be provided. One gander is mated with from one to three geese, and the matings are not changed from year to year unless they prove un satisfactory. When mated, they ara allowed to run together in flocks. Tou louse an-J Kmden geese will breed when aoout two years old. The fe males F.?e usually kept until they are from twelve to fourteen years old, or as long as they lay well. Sex Is diffi cult to distinguish, especially in young geese. The gander Is usually some what larger and coarser than the goose, and has a leaner, longer neck and a larger head. The sex is some times determined by a critical exam ination or by the action of the geese at mating time. Large boxes, barrels or shelters art provided as nests for geese, or they are allowed to make nests on the floor of the house. The eggs should be col lected daily and kept in a cool place. First eggs ure usually set under hens while the last ones which the goosu lays may be hatched either under hens or under the goose if she "rops broody." If the eggs are not removed from the nest where the goose is lay ing, she will usually stop laying soon i ou.ouse Qeeee Are Largest Breed. er than if they are taken awa.v. Tim period of incubation of goose eggs varies frarn 28 to 30 days. Moisture may be added after the first week by sprinkling the eggs or the uests with warm water. Grose eggs hatch slowly, especially ander hens, an 1 the goslings are usuully removed as soon as hatched and kept In e warm place until the hatching is completed. i INDIVIDUALITY OF HER. OWN Different BreeJs of Chickens Have Characteristics ? Many Do Not Study Their Kowis. Each hen has an individuality and her own notiont and customs. That different breeds have different charac teristics, we all know, but many do not study their flock or do not con sider it necessaiy to di# so. Some one sugg ?sts that hens which are talked to as J made much of will,' In turn, be good layers. There is a measure of truth in this; certainly fowls treated with kindness will do better work iU/rti those which are never tamed and are frightened at the approach of any one. But don't get the idea that kindness will produce eggs. A hen possessing no laying strain worthy of mention will never repay one's afreet Ion by eggs If there are no eggs bred In her. Secure the breed and strain, add to this a study of the flo< k, and to this companionship and <*are, and the re mits will be satisfactory. RATION FOR EGG PRODUCTION Best Feed It That Suited to Local Condition*? Prepared Material It Economical. In feeding for egg production, the economical feeder wishes to use the grain he has. The best ration Is the ration that best sulfa the local condi tions. If one must buy all the feed, then he will probably find the ready prepared scratch feeds and mashes as cheap as buying the varieties of grains arid mlxlilg hi* own. The ag ricultural colleges have worked out rations which ar* practical for farm docks. / [So S\o ^I?3[D wco^ir mr \msm IT? DQtyKKSElTf ' fPS/aSABTi? 0 o ?J? By JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN MKUK'A'S feeding of starving Rus sin lias introduced a new word Into the vocabulary of that famine stricken nation. This feeding of Russia is the biggest piece of phil anthropy in all history. Doubtless it will affect the history of the future. Rut whatever its effect In the years to come its immediate result has been to add a new word to the Russian vocabulary that Is said with heartfelt gratitude by tin4 peasant masses and shouted Joyfully by the children. It is a household word among the masses ? a word to conjure with in Soviet Russia today. "A lira" is this new word. It is the native pro nunciation of "A. R. A.," the initials which sym bolize the American Relief Administration and its manifold works of relief. Leon Trotsky, to be sure. Is saying that the "American bourgeoisie are glutted with the blood and gold.of Europe": that "when the fire of the European revolution is lighted the American bour geoisie will be consumed"; that ."punishment and revenge await the American bourgeoisie from the European proletariat." But the Russian prole tariafTry "Ahra" Just the same. "When we visited the feeding kitchen in the old palace of the czars at Tsarskoe," said E. M. Flesh, "the children Jumped to their feet and shouted In spontaneous greeting, 'Ahra!'" Mr. Flesh, identi fied with the A. R. A., the United States grain com mission and the purchasing commission, had 'Just finished an inspection trip of a month through fam ine districts. This was In December, 1022. He said further: "I think the back of the famine is broken, though we'll have to keep on feeding the children. We fed one and a half million people at the peak of our activities. That number is being decreased now, and henceforth we will care for Just the or phan children and the sick. The American medi cal program In Russia is one of the biggest things ever done by one country for another. We'd go into hospitals and see absolutely empty shelves. Then an order would be issued and in would pour supplies. The gratitude of the people was touch ing. Doctors came to us with tears in their eyes to express their thanks. Rut best of all were the kids. It made you feel good when they shouted 'Ahra.' To them It Is a word of salvation and hope." Here is another contemporary description of the situation: ' 1 "You are from the 'Ahra'? Their eyes open and' tliey gaze as they might do on a king, and as often as not they fall on their knees and kiss your hand. And then I wish all *he people who talk sp loudly of letting the Russians take care of themselves could be present. They would be properly ashamed. Russians, particularly the Russian peasants, would much prefer to live on their own food. They have no desire to sit down nnd wait for a nation, how ever kind-hearted, to come across the sea to their help. They want their own corn. They tried to sow It, even when they were living on horseflesh for food. . . . They thought even God had for gotten them, and then the 'Ahra' appeared. It fed their children first, several million of them, and then it fed them. It fed their sick. It supplied their hospitals with unheard of stocks of medi cine. It put something in their arms to ward off the dreaded cholera and other diseases from which ? they have suffered so many years. The 'Ahra' did this on behalf of the American people. Why did the 'Ahra' do it ? for trade or political advantage? 1 hey have got neither, though they are in Russia nearly n year. They must have done it then for pure love of humanity. A wonderful nation, Amer ica, big. generous, strong, kind, disinterested! There Is no Word quite capable of expressing what America Is. That is how the Russians feel, and they will remember. IIow does America feel? If I were an American I would feel very proud ? and very humble." "America has built up a tremendous amount of good will for herself among the Russian people through the relief work in the famine districts," said Preston Kumler, a Chicago attorney, back from a year's service with A. R. A. "Prior to our coming the Russian masses knew Httle of Amer- ' lea. Now the United States Is the best advertised nation in Russia." The soviet government has shot robbers when ever it captured th ? Still there are many ban dit gangs which roam at will, living off the coun try. In several Instances A. R. A. workers were captured by these bandits and were turned loose with apologies as soon as their Identity was es tablished. It actually appears that these bandits never interfere with the A. R. A. activities. Here Is a story that comes from the Buga^hof district of Samara, in which a bandit organiza tion of over 1,000 men with horses Is operating. The bandits sacked the government warehouse in Balakova while the A. R. A. storage house, next door, bulging with cocoa, sugar, canned mil* and other good things to eat, was not touched. As an Illustration of further consideration by the bandits of the famine sufferers, it Is related that some of the gang last summer rode up to one of the A. R. A. village kitchens, merely tasted the food being prepared for the children; pronounced It very good, chucked a few youngsters under the chins, wishing them good appetites, and then went their way ? to the home of the village treasurer, which they looted. An Interesting feature of the A. R. A. work Is the springing up of hundreds of new villages. American corn built these new villages, which sprang up practically over night last spring. The same thing is expected this spring. Edward Fox, A. R. A. supervisor in the Simbirsk district, tells of It thus: ; "There has been a genuine back-to-the-soll move- ? merit, an exodus from the cities, where panicky thousands fled when famine came. Racing against the brevity of the summer season, fighting time to plant the unfertilized fields, groups of weak and weary men have dug earth houses to cover their heads and those of their families, wasting no time, merely tossing up a make-shift home. "Taking into account the famine situation, the local powers had quite prepared themselves for an increase of the refugee movement with the ad vent of spring. With the issue of corn the flight from the villages diminished, and by the end of April had completely ceased. May even saw the return of many of the villagers to their native vil lages. Farmers returned to their former occupa tion singly and in whole batches and colonies. "As an example, the village newly formed in the Simbirsk Ouyezd, called Testchany Ozero,' may be pointed out, where 130 adult farmers, having first assured themselves of a com ration, settled on land given them, hurriedly dug themselves earth huts and seeded their land with all they could obtain, so forming an entirely new village." Just what is being done now in the way of re lief and what will be necessary next spring and summer is difficult to say. It seems probable that the A. R. A. may be able to close its work after the next harvest, except insofar as the 1.500,000 orphan children and sick in hospitals are con cerned. Estimates place the number of Russians now receiving help at 8,000,000 from the soviet government, European relief associations and the A. R. A. / The American relief of starving Russia may b* thus recapitulated In brief: The first station of the American relief admin istration to feed Russian children was opened in Pefcrograd in September of 1920. Three hundred children then received the flfst American ifieal. Originally Herbert Hoover, In response to an ap peal from Maxim Gorky, and with the help of tho American people, planned to feed 1,000,000 Russian children. The work grew until In August of 1921 no less than 4, 171,411 children were receiving daily meals from the A. R. A., and a dally com ration or its equivalent, was going to 0,257,9.r>8 adults, a total of 10,429,399 Individuals. The original pro gram hod been multiplied tenfold. The adult feeding, not included in the origin&i intentions, was made possible by the appropria tion by the United States congress of $20,000,000 fop the purchase of corn in America. This prod uct began to arrive in Russia in February of 1922. From that time until the last carload of corn was shipped to the interior districts, the railroads of Russia from the northern and southern ports to the famine areas were taxed to their capacity. The delivery of the food became the greatest problem which the A. R. A. was called upon to face. Ware houses were filled and emptied and tilled again. Barges loaded with corn were sent up and down the Volga river and up the Kama, Biela, and Vlat ka rivers. Horses and sledges, camels and wagons, wheelbarrows and peasants' backs carried the grain from the river ports and from the railroad stations to the distant villages. By August 1, 206, 407 tons of corn and other products had been dis tributed to the districts for adult feeding. In the matter of distances alone, and in view of the lack of sufficient railroad connections, it is sig nificant that the work of the A. R. A. has not been limited to the easily accessible areas. And even this covers only a part of the work of the A. R. A: There are the food remittance dlvis ion and the medical division, each of which ha# handled something over $7,000,000 worth of sup plies since the beginning of their operations, and the clothing remittance division. Col. William N. Haskell, U. S. A., took charge under Hoover in September of 1921. He is a West Pointer and has been awarded the D. S. M. for brilliant service in the World war. He was in charge of American relief in Rumania and the Caucasus. He is now also In charge of American Red Cross relief in the Near East. IWv. Dr. (Charles) Theodore Benze has Just gone to "Moscow as commissioner for the National Lutheran council ; he Is also commissioned by the A. R. A. He is a theologian, author, college presi dent and a leader in the board of foreign missions of the United Lutheran church. It is a question whether the charity or the effi ciency of the Americans the more astonished the Russian people. Anyway, their new word "Ahra" expresses their feelings and It is a household word from one end to the other of4 their unhappy land.