($ome of its features. Said Chairman H. P. Snyder of the house com n:ltfee on Indian affairs: "A tremendous propa ganda lias been carried on throughout the country. Tln*re has been nothing like it in Indian affairs, so f;:r as I know. I received, in three days, 250 tele grams stating that the senders were absolutely -H'l?esed to the .so-called Bursum-Snyder . bill and in favor of the Leatherwood- Jones bill." clippings from the news columns of newspapers, SN-cial articles, letters to the editor, editorials; articles in the periodicals and magazines, pam phlets and letters to members of congres# would make scrapbooks by the carload. Addresses by th" score have been made before all sorts of organ izations ; resolutions have been passed by all sorts of associations. All sorts of people are active ? artists, writers, club women, mountaineers, arche "J> cists, naturalists, sociologists ; the list is a nv,ss-sect ion of American life. And yet, to the student of the times, the upris ing should not be surprising. There is a similar popular- uprising every time the commercial lnter * is try to break into the national parks through " n-ress. The truth of the matter is that there > now a vast organized army of nature-lovers In this country who have made up their minds that birds and wild game and flowers and forests and natural scenic beauty are to have a square deal. The Pueblos appeal to this army of nature-lovers in many ways, aside from the question of a "'square deal," which always interests the Ameri ?'nn people. The Pueblos of New Mexico are the father of agriculture and the mother of irrigation. Their .pyramid houses stand today as they stood long be fore there was an English-speaking resident in the N?*w World. Nowhere else In the world Is there ancient history so brought down to date. Says Herbert J. Spinden of the Peabody museum. Har vard university: '"One of our most precious possessions ? we should keep It tenderly nnd proudly.' In these words Theodore Roosevelt characterized the arts of life ?nd beauty created out of the painted des erts of the Southwest by the Pueblo Indians and our duty toward them. It was at Walpi . . . Romance Is the most valunble commodity in the world today. A pale reflection of It on moving picture screens makes a vast business. The tale ''f real emotions to be felt draws eager travelers f,> undertake long voyages. Such a fine culture :ks that of the Pueblo Indians, without doubt the most complete expression of a stimulating group psychology in arts and ceremonies to be found any where in America, should be conserved with ten* 'lpr care. It Is an irreplaceable thing. The best 'Top of the Southwest is scenery, and the slogan ,()ur National Playground' depends for much of Its effect upon Indian connotation. The Pueblo villages ore famous; musicians go to study the songs, painters to portray the life ? and the petti produce of the small fields turned into the pockets of men who vote will noX enrich the state or the nation." The Bursu m l?ill (S. 3S?">5 ? "To ascertain and settle claims of persons not Indian within Pueblo Indian land, land grants and reservations In the state of New Mexico") was passed by the senate practically without debate and without a record vote. Later, upon motion of Senator Borah, a res olution was adopted withdrawing the bill from the consideration of the house. The bill was then re-referred to the public lands and surveys com mittee of the senate. Secretary Fall wrote a letter of more thnn 8,000 words to Senator Borah, complaining of the "clamor" against the bill, explaining and upholding the bill and offering to any congressional commit tee all the information In the possession of the Interior department. Senator Borah read the letter into the Congres sional Record and also his reply, which is short and contains this matter: "If you will read the Congressional Record at the time the bill passed, you will find that I asked certain questions in regard to the purpose and effect of the bill. Senator Bursum replied to these questions, and I felt satisfied, upon an examina tion of the bill, that there was an entire misun derstanding by the senate, including Mr. Bursum, as to its effect. I therefore recalled the bill, not because I had felt the effect of propaganda but because I felt quite sure that the bill had not been sufficiently considered and that it passed the sen ate under a misunderstanding as to its terms." Out of the opposition to the Bursum bill was organized the New Mexico Association on Indian Affairs^ This association, in conjunction with the Indian "welfare committee of the General Federa tion of Women's Clubs, has published and circu lated a pamphlet containing the text of the Bur sum bill and an analysis of its provisions. The conclusions are these : "In general the bill Is so full of Inconsistencies, contradictions and language requiring construc tion as to render it impossible of amendment In such a way as to serve any useful purpose, either for the Indians or for the claimants adverse to the Indians. It should be utterly and wholly de feated because: (1) It stultifies the government nnd adds another failure to its record of dealing with dependent peoples; (2) it will ruin the Pueblo Indians by the loss of their lands and in a short time utterly destroy them ; (3) It will not benefit the settlers who will be trapped In endless litiga tion and unlimited expense thereto." The conditions are declared by the pamphlet to ha intolerable both to the Indians and to the bona fide claimants. It is recommended that a judicial commission be appointed by the President. The work of the commission would be facilitated and the welfare of both Indians and claimants would in reel v be assured by the development without delav of sundry self-sustaining projects of irriga tion *nnd drainage which have been formulated and recommended for years by the Fifth Irrigation dis trict of the Indian bureau. Senator A. A. Jones of New Mexico, at the re quest of organizations opposing the Bursum bill, has introduced a substitute measure (S. 4223) pro viding for a special court body to settle the claims and for the reclamation of arid lands. Represent ative II. P. Snyder, chairman of the house com mittee on Indian affairs, has introduced an amend ed Bursum bill. Here are some facts which give an idea of the complexities of the situation: There is no such thing in law as the Pueblo Indian tribe. There are the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, but there Is no tribal organization that comprises all the pueblos in New Mexico. The bureau of Indian affairs has never exercised jurisdiction o\er them. It has never made any attempt to control their property. Each of these pueblrrs Js incorporated as such under the laws of the state of New Mexico ; the Pueblo Indians as individuals, have no property, for these separate pueblos as corporations own the property. The settlements occupied by the Pueblo Indians are known as the pueblos and are as follows: ZunI, Acoina, Lnguna, Isleta, Sandla, Santa Ana, Cia, Cochiti, San Felipe. Santo Domingo, Jeraez, San Ildefonso, Pojoaque, Nambe, Santa Clara, Taos and San Juan, in connection with which may be mentioned Moqui or Ilopi villages of Arizona. The lands held by the Indians include Spanish grants, confirmed to the Indians (furing the first Lincoln administration. These grants date to a settlement between the Spanish government and the Indians about 1689; generally there was a grant of about 17,000 acres to each pueblo. When the governors of the Pueblos appeared 'In Washington to plead their cause they brought with them their symbols of authority? silver-headed canes presented to their predecessors by President Lincoln In person when the Pueblo grants were confirmed by congress. The vast majority of the claims have their origin prior to the date of the treaty of Guadalupe Hi dalgo, 1848, during Spanish and Mexican sover eignty. There are upward of 3,000 of these claims In areas from town lots to farms and ranches. The total value of all claims as estimated by attor neys for claimant is from $10,000,000 to $12,000,000. The claims are found In nearly all of the pueblo grants. 1 In a vast majority of the claims the owners declare their title was obtained by pur chase or contract with the governing authorities of the pueblo. "An example of the encroachments upon the original1 grants Is the San Juan pueblo. As con firmed and patented this grant had 17.000 acres. Approximately 4,000 acres are Irrigable and of these 4i000 acres 3,412 acres are In the hands of clalmunts. The San Juan pueblo contains 430 In dians. There ore therefore less than two acres for the support of each Indian. "We ' have reached the point where we must either live or die," says the appeal of the Pueblos to the people of the United States. Of the pictures No. 1 is the pueblo of Taos and No. 2 an annual ceremonial dance there. No. 8 1* a prehistoric home in Mesa Verde National park of the Cliff Dwellers, possible ancestors. No. 4 Jg ? Pueblo delegate to Washington. S7I# CONGRESS HUMUS SINE I . J ? FARM CREDITS BILL AND 98 r- ' 'i K - 0 * 0 OTHER MEASURES SIGNED BY PRESIDENT. CMS WITNESS CLOSING V - " ' Many Members Answer Their Last Roll Cali; No Legislation Was ,iP Vetoed. 4. fit- e ' * Washington. ? The sixty-seventh Congress which had spent a greater proportion of its two-year span of life in actual session than any other in the history of the country, adjourned sine die. >? During the last few hours of the ses sion, President Harding spending part of the time at the capitol, signed the farm credits bill and 98 othfer meas ures. No legislation was vetoed. Vice President Coolidge's gavel fell sharply at noon after an almost color less morning senate session of two hours, and the house adjourned after a concert by a section of the marine band and a chorus of popular songs by members and spectators. The departure of members, many of ! whom answered their last roll call, was in full swing With prospective suspen sion of activities at the capitol until next December brings in the 68th Con gress. Crowds witnessed the closing scenes, adjournment and presence of Presi dent Harding, cabinet officers, diplo mats and other high officials bring ing hundreds who packed the senate and house galleries. ? The President reached the capitol at 11:25 o'clock and was kept busy reading and signing the final ava lanche of bills. Before going to the capitol, he signed the farm credits j and 43 other bills, turned out during the early morning ^session. In the presidential suite, off the senate cham ber before* tfce noon limit expired, 55 more bills received executive approval. The last bill to become law was the better butter measure, changing butter fat standards. An important measure placed on the statute books at the last moment was the one pro* viding for return to enemy alien own ers of all property seized worth $10, 000 or less. .American Relief Spends $12,000,000. Washington. ? A review of Ameri can relief activities in the near east, showing expenditures during the past year of more than $12,000,000, was giv en to Congres by Charles V. Vic^ery in his annual report as general secre tary of the Near East relief. Shipment of foodstuffs, equipment, machinery, medical supplies and cloth ing and textiles made from this coun try by the near east relief during the year totalled 53,000,000 pounds, and in addition large purchases were made in Anatolia and other areas. vTlie num ber of orphans now under the care of the organization is 115,000 and Mr. ! Vickrey predicted that this total would j increase as additional victims of per secution and war are applying daily for aid. The year's expenditures exceeded receipts by more than $1,500,000, but the balance carried over from the year previous made up the deficit and left a surplus of $328,000. Bills Fail to Pass Congress. Washington. ? Measures of import ance which failed of passage during the. closing days of the Congress in cluded: The administration shipping bill which was filibustered to death in the senate. The resolution . of Senator Smith, democrat, South Carolina, to appro priate $10,000,000 for the purchase of nitrate to aid southern cotton produc ers. The constitutional amendment pro posal of Senator Norris, republican, Nebraska, to advance the convening dates of Congress and presidential inaugurals. The resolution of Senator Brook hart, republican, Iowa, proposing in vetigation of the sugar situation. ? j . Probe of Silver Price Is Ordered. Washington.? An investigation into the reduced price of silver and the low production of gold was authorized by Congress when the House passed a senate resolution authorizing the ap pointment of a special commission of five Senators and five Representatives to study the economic questions in volved and to make recommendations. The expenditures by the special com mission is limited to $15,000 and the President is to name the commission. Army Lieutenant Killed. New York. ? Lieutenant Stanley Smith, army air service, was killed, and Major Follett Bradley was probab ly fatally injured when a giant mar tin bomber in which they had just left Mitchell field for Chanute field, Ran tool. Ills., was forced down in Brook lyn. Four students mechanics, pri ratea who also were in the plane, escaped with only slight injuries owing to the skillful manner in which Major Brad ley piloted the big bomber to earth from a height of 5,000 feet &BOY-& SCDUTS (Conducted by National Council of tha Bay Scouta of America.) "BOY" SCOUTS ON THE FARM - One of the most fascinating places for a boy scout to live is on a farm. On the farm, out among the fields, on the open road, under the clear sky, a boy could easily imagine himself t^ack in the company of the sturdy pioneers, scouts and brave frontiersmen who roamed through just such scenes. The f*ountry boy has H big advantage in being able to step from his front door-* step right out into the world of scout ?ing ? the great free out fit doors. Scouting gives the country boy a chance to acquire a wonderful fund of knowledge about nature. Knowl edge that otherwise- might be rath er vague, through the systematic work of scouting, becomes a decided asset of clear facts. The country boy gets the opportunity through the scout troop to mingle with other boys and to satisfy the natural desire every boy has for the companionship of lads of his own age. The nation is looking more and more to the country for leaders with fresh ideas and the spirit of progress. Thus the country stands in need of the country boy trained through the scout program for citizenship responsi bilities and duties. When it comes to that part of the scout program where working for merit badges begins to play a promi nent part, how intensely interesting must the ordinary duties of the farm become. If the scout son Is working for the merit badge In dairying, what a joy it must be to see that the cows are properly taken care of? that the milk Is handled in a careful manner. Every step takes on the joy of achieve ment, of going forward In scout rank. To provide for the rural boy the Hoy Scouts of America have instituted a department for troops not under coun cil, that is for troops which, because of distance, cannot be affiliated with a council, and for the lad who cannot be cause of distance join any troop, the ranks of the "Pioneer Boys Scouts'* are open. BOY SCOUT CHIEF ON TRIP I . James E. West, chief executive of I the Boy Scouts of America, who made an extended trip through the western states in the interest of scouting. ' BOOKS FOR BOY SCOUTS * / LmmJLmm . Among the thousands of books on the market purportihg to be about scouting, there are many gross misrep resentations. 1 For a number of year! the library department of the Boy Scouts of Amer ' ica has rendered the public' the service of review of books for boys, In the be lief that the indoor sport of reading , good literature is as essential to char acter development ' as the' outdoor sports so closely allied with scouting. Scout parents will be Interested to know, espedally now that the holiday season is approaching, with its time of intensive book buying, that the library department issues free of charge a list of books that Iwjve received the careful consideration and indorse ment by the boy scout organization. The books have been selected not sole ly on the basis of literary merit, but also because of wholesomeness and proved appeal to the boy reader. . REMEMBER SOLDIER DEAD For fifteen years Memorial day had passed without observance In a small community of Cerro Gordo county, Iowa. This year a troop of scouts was formed in the place and it followed that Memorial day was observed with scouts In almost complete charge, the scoutmaster making the address at tho cemetery, the scouts decorating the graves, find the troop bugler sounding tapt. SCOUTS MAKE WARM FRIENDS ' Troop No. 2 of Bast 8t Louis, IlL. recently gave a practical demonstra tion of the spirit of scmitlng, and inci dentally made eight tirra friends when It presented a basket filled with good things to eat to a needy family that was stranded In that dty. The fam ily consisting of a father, who was suf fering from ttiberculcsls: the mother. One daughter, and fire small sons, had been traveling In an open auto. The scouts also provided warm clothing foe the little boyt,