***OTV C/ZYOF^y^COO *r L/ffOJrfiJVOOO -
HEATER NEW YORK, having an
nexed pretty much everything in sight
that does not belong to New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, Massachusetts and
Connecticut and thereby accumulated
a population of about 6,000,000 is
going to celebrate its tercentenary.
In tact,' there will be at lenst two
celebrations and probably more. The
4 reason is seen in the fallowing out
standing dates in New York's early history:
1623 ? The Dutch West India company founded
a permanent settlement on Manhattan island.
1626 ? I'eter Minuit, director general of New
Netherlands, purchased Manhattan island from the
Indians.
1AB4 ? Kinir Charles of England granted to his
/ 659
brother the duke of York (afterward
large tracts in America, including the
Dutch possessions of New Nether
lands. Richard Nicolls in command
of an English fleet, took New Nether
lands without lighting. New Amster
dam became New York.
1673? A Dutch fleet retook New
Netherlands and temporarily restored
Dutch supremacy.
1674 ? A peace treaty between Eng
land and The Netherlands turned over
New Netherlands to England* and New
Amsterdam became New York for all
time.
So the founding of New York will'
be unofficially celebrated this year.
Peter Minult's historic purchase will
be officially celebrated fn 1926 by the
city and the acquirement of the name
of New York will probably be cele
brated either in 1964 or 1974.
The unofficial celebration of 1923 is
largely religious and will run over into
1924. It will begin with a Huguenot
pilgrimage to Europe, including the
Huguenot centers in France, Holland,
the Rhine country, Switzerland and
the Waldenslan valleys of Italy. It
will continue with local celebrations
in all districts and cities associated
with the Manhattan island settlement
of the Huguenots into April of 1924.
Practically all the colonial societies in
America, Including the Huguenot so
ciety, Founders and Patriots o Amer
ica, the Holland society, the Society
of Colonial Wars, the St. Nicholas so
ciety, the Descendants of Colonial
Governors, the Sons of the Revolu
tion and the Daughters of the Ameri
can Revolution will take part.
Protestant churches under the lead
ership of the Federal Council of
Churches have established the Hugu?
not-Walloon New Netherland commis
sion, composed of men and women all
over the country who are interested
in the celebration from a, religious
point of view and have fixed upon Sun
day, April 27, 1924, for special serv
ices. President Harding is the hon
orary chairman. The reason for this
religious celebration is set forth in
what follows.
New Yoflk's history really begins, of
course, on that September day of 1609
when Henry Hudson, an Englishman
In the employ of the Dutch East India
company (chartered in 1602), sailed
into the mouth of the Hudson river,
looking for a passage to the Indies.
He sailed his Half-Moon (90 tons) up
the Hudson as far as tidewater went
and then turned back. ^
Three years later the Dutch com
pany established a trading post on
Manhattan island (Man-na-hat-ta) at
about where No. 39 Broadway is now.
It consisted of a redoubt, storehouse
and four log huts. The next year
Adrlen Block's Tigress, loaded with
the first cargo of furs for The Neth
erlands, was burned. Block built the
Onrust (Restless) of 16 tons, got an
other cargo of furs and (1614) took
James II),
theiii home. At this time there were
only two permanent settlements on
the Atlantic coast, St. Augustine
(Spanfsh, 1505) and Jamestown (Eng
lish, 1607).
In 1621 the states general of the
United Netherlands granted a charter
to the Dutch West India company cov
ering the whole unoccupied coast of
America from Newfoundland to Cape
Horn. The charter guaranteed to col- !
onists social, political and religious
freedom. "Do you wish to build, to
piant, to become a citizen?" was the
main question asked of colonists.
In 1623, three years after the land
ing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, the
first colony was landed on Manhattan
island tfrora the ship New Netherlands
(260 tons). Captain May. There were
30 families, 110 strong. They were
Walloons, Protestant refugees from
Belgium (until 1830 a part of The Neth
erlands), with their cows and chick
ens, farm Implements and household
furnishings. A landing was made at
Castle Garden. They were welcomed
by traders and Indians. The "Chris
tian teacher" who accompanied them
pra.vfed and gave thanks before their
first meal. Captain May read to them
his commission as governor. The
"official figure" was a beaver with a
coronet for its ?*rest. The first-born
on the island was Sarah ltapalje.
And this was the beginning of Man
hattan, afterward (1653) New Anjster
dam, and finally (1674) New York.
Since 1612 the country between the
trading posts on Manhattan island
and at Fort Orange (Albany) had been
called New Netherlands by the Dutch.
In 1626 arrived the first director
general of New Netherlands, Peter
Minuit of? imperishable fame. He
bought of the Indians the 22,000 acres
of Manhattan island for $24 worth
(at Dutch prices) of trinkets and
weapons. Then he built the first Fort
Amsterdam near the Battery. Then
Manhattan settled down ,to a regular
program of life. There, were 270 in
habitants. Each settler owned his
house, tilled the land and traded with
the Indians.
The popular conception of early
New York is a "city of rotund Dutch
burgers, idling In the shade with their
I schnapps and long-stemmed pipes.
Maybe. But here's a truer picture of
the days just before the English cap
tured New Amsterdam In 1<M4:
There were about 300 houses and
1,500 people. A man with $1,000 was
considered rich. The better -houses
were of brick and each had its gar
den. The floors were sanded. There
was a spinning-wheel In every home.
The people rose with cock-crow and
ate breakfast before sunrise. There
were no idlers. Tea parties were over
before milking time. Every family
had a Bible and maybe a prayer-book.
Manhattan Island's population In
creased slowly, new settlers btelng Hu- j
? 1928 P
guenots (French Protestants), Dutch
and English. Settlements were made
in all directions. Minuit was suc
ceeded hy Van Twiller, who Is respon
sible for Governor's island. Keitt, re
sponsible for the Indian war of 1643
which nearly depopulated Manhattan,
came next.' Then came Peter Stuy
vesant, of cherished nierpory.
Governor Stuyvesnnt was a one
legged, fire-eating veteran of the wars,
but he could not make his people
fight the English fleet under Nlcolls
in 1004. They did not intend to do
anything that might take them away
from New Amsterdam. And lt'.^ quite
likely that they figured Nlcolls might
be less of a tyrant than was Stuy
vesant.
Nlcolls proved to be quite mild
mannered. He made the burghers swear
allegiance to England, but confirmed
their social, political and religious
liberties. In 1005 the Dutch autocratic
municipal government fras wiped out
by proclamation and the English sys
rem of mayor and aldermen was sub
stituted. Thomas Willett was the
first mayor. Of the five aldermen two
were English and three Dutch.
When the Dutch fleet appeared In
1673 there were but eighty men in the
garrison to withstand 1,000. So again
the city changed hands without fight
ing. Within two years a treaty of
peace restored New Netherlands to
the English. Fort Amsterdam became
Fort James and New Amsterdam be
I cnme New York for all time, while
Fort Omnge became Albany (York's
second title).
So this is New York ? the American
metropolis that In 300 years has he
come the second city of the world. Its
only rival is London, a city that had
Its beginning in Roman times. Greater
London has 603 square miles and 7,562,
124 (1919) inhabitants. Greater New
York has 315 square miles and
5,620,048 (1920).
Naturally New York does not hate
itself. The Merchants' association
has pointed out that if the great cities
of Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit,
Cleveland, St. Louis, Boston, Balti
more rnd Pittsburgh? the eight largest
cities of the country excepting New
York ? were transplanted with all their
people to the section lying within fifty
miles of New York city, their gom
blned population would not equal the
number already resident in this area.
The district surrounding the port pro
duces a larger total of manufactured
products than any other similar area
in the world. In 1922 this port han
dled approximately 43 per cent of the
foreign trnde of the United States.
And rea.ly the whole country is morfe
or less interested In New York, if only
for this reason: New York each year
buys from Minnesota more than 45,000,
000 pounds of butter; from Wisconsin
more than 14,000,000 pounds of cheese ;
from Virginia more than 3,700 car
loads of white potatoes; from Texas ,
SSM . ?; -
v
/Vforo <Q/rr //yr-n*r* r/oATAi. ?
mure than 500 carloads of onionB ;
from California more than 100 car
loads of tomatoes, more than 200 car-t
loads of celery, ai)d more than 5,000
carloads of grapes; from Florida 1,000
cars of cabbage and 1,300 cars of let
tuce; from Washington more than
2,000 carloads' of apples; from Colo
rado more than 500 carloads of canta
loupes'; from Georgia more tlian 1,500
carloads of peaches, and from Illinois
more than 400, 000, 000 eggs.
New York's history can be conven
iently divided into five eras:
1623-1783 ? Colonization period. Pop
ulation in 1790 was 40,401.
1783-1825 ? Recovery from damages
of British occupation during Kevolu-^
tion ; first attempt at a city plan ;
coming of the steamboat. Population
in 1820 was 152,056.
1825-1865 ? Opening of Erie canal,
which gave New York supremacy over
Philadelphia as the premier trading
city; Introduction of gas? establish
ment *> f railroads; Improved local
transit facilities. Population in 1800
was 1,174,779.
1865-1898 ? Realty booms ; introduc
tion of passenger elevator; commer
cial use of electricity; use of steel
skeleton In building construction,
which enabled the city to grow verti
cally/ Population in 1900 was 3,437,202.
1898-1923 ? Rapid transit In all di
rections, enabling the city to grow
horizontally. Population in 1920 was
5,620,048.
The future of New York and Its Im
mediate environs invites speculation.
Certainly New York intends so far as
It can to Ignore artificial political
boundaries. It has begun the construc
tive development of the metropolitan
area within a radius of fifty mll^s
from. Battery park. A Committee on
the Plan of New York and Its Envi
rons has divided this area into six sec
tors with an expert studying each.
These sectors Include areas In Con
necticut and New Jersey. The ex
perts will report on the possible uses
of land and the densities of population
in the different . sectors." The general
question of regional zpnlng and the
distribution of industries, business and
residences will be considered, with
indications of probable future tend
encies and dangers. As relief from
congestion of population is one of the
things most sought, questions relating
to decentralization with observations
regarding the location of new indus
trial areas and business and social
centers will receive considerable at
tention In the surveys.
Contrast New York's present sky
line with that of 1659! Yet New
York Isn't satisfied. It has a new zon
ing system and a new "set-back" style
of architecture and expects within five
years to have buildings 1,000 feet high
and even higher. "New .York Is bound
to become the most beautiful and dis
tinctive city in the world," . say it*
architects.
'?./> ? ^ ??
osssssssss^sssssssssss^^
Second-Hand :|
Heart Throbs , [
* - It
| By JANE OSBORN |
<$). 1923. by McClure New?paper Syndicate.)
"Mother, dear mother, :you couldn't
really expect me to go to that hospital
fair this afternoon,"^ protested Molly;.
Yates* between bites of totfkt and sipfe
'of coffee ?fnd glances at "Beginners'"
Latin" opened on the table before her.
"I don't get through at high school
until two and, believe me, it's no cinch
leaching Latin when you haven't
studied it for three Or four years and
never knew very much then. I told
'em at the board that I'd rather take
math or even histoiy than Latin, but
it's the only vacancy they had at the
high, and of course I didn't want to
teach grade school if I could help.
So you see I just can't go? it'll take
me two hours to get tomorrow's les
sons prepared and dear knows when
I'll have time U> correct ajiy papers.
"Of Course I in interested in the
hospital. You know I sent them $5
and I'd have loved to have dressed a
doll or something if I'd had time; and
just you take those books upstairs in
my room for the second-hand book
stall. I think that's a tine idea. Who
wants to keep trashy books after read
ing them once? Just you look through
my bookcase ? take anything that is
cheap or trashy that you don't think
wtj'd want. I think everything on the
two bottom rows%wou!d be all right
and when Mrs. Daw kins conies with
her car let her take them over."
And after this monologue. Molly
Yates, feeling rather important over
her recent appointment to teach at,
the Mapleton higb school, kissed her
mother and departed.
Three blocks away this same hos
pital fair was under discussion at the
Stockton breakfast table, while Sirs.
Stockton and her son, the mayor of
Mapleton, broke their breakfast rolls
together in the stately dining room of
the old Stockton mansion.
"Now," Bob, dear," Mrs. Stockton
had suggested, "I know a man hates
a fair, but in your position ? "
"That's so," said Mayor. Bob, look
ing really Interested. s "The hospital
fair begins today, and I do suppose
I ought to show my face."
"Bob. I'm so glad you didn't mind
my suggesting ft. The ladies will be
so gratified ? and since the ladies
vote ? " x
"You arch-schemer, you," laughed
Bob. "You'll have me governor yet,
mother mine. But honest. I'd made
up my mind to blow in and leave
maybe $50 at the fair. They'd rather
have it that way than sent in a check.
But HI have to go this afternoon?
I've a committee this evening."
Bob Stockton wasn't quite so keen
about going to tlie fhir as his speech
might have indicated. He rather
dreaded the ordeal of drawing up .to
any of the booths to face the charge
of smiling saleswomen who would be
so gratified to see the mayor and so
eager to be able to boast that tlfey
had sold him a potted plant, a box of
fudge, a tea cozy or a baby doll.
Bob Stockton glanced about the room
from the vantage point of the entrance
hall of the big assembly room. He
wanted to see the lay of the land. Doll
tables and fancy tables were especial
ly embarrassing. He'd have to make
the rounds eventually, of course, he
reasoned, but he'd begin somewhere
else. He saw at one end of the room
a table that looked like the outside
exhibit of a second-hand book dealer ?
tables crowded witjv books in neat
array. It would be a simple matter
to glance over these volumes and make
a selection of a dozen or so ? not that
there'd be any book in the collection
that he'd ever want to read. Still it
would be easier than trying to make
selection at a doll table.
The two young women in charge of
the second-hand book stall were too
flustered at having their table the first
visited by the handsome young mayor
of Mapleton to start in any of the
rapid-fire sales talk' that might have^
greeted1 Bob at any of the tables
manned by the older, more experienced
hands. So Bob had a chance to let ,
his eyes run over the titles of the
books? just as if it really made any
difference which book he bought;
The books seemingly had been ar
ranged according to colors and then
graded according to sizes in colors,
with the result that Bob's eyes ran
from a book on caring for pet dogs to
a volume on meditations ; one on the
labor situation fifteen years ago, to a
book of housekeeping? a book of In
structions for playing bridge, ten years
out of date to? Bot's eyes caught the
title of the book next? a twelve-mo.
red volume with yellow letters that
said "Heart Thrfcbs." From some
where [ n the past of Bob's experience
drifted up shadows of a memory that
brought the polor mounting to his
cheeks and made his heart beat a little
fast. He felt enormous embarrass^
ment and then chagrin. At least, he
concluded hastily, he. could not ex
amine the volume before the simper
ing gaze of the two young women be
hind the counter. So he lifted a dozen
volumes from the table before him.
*TU take this bunch," he said. "I
like red books. No, never mind wrap
ping them. HI just put them in the
car."
* There was a card bearing the In
scription "Fifty cents" en the table,
but Bob handed out a ten-dollar bill
and refused to take change. He had
the book? that Is all he realized. Inci
dentally he had established the politi
cal allegiance of two young voters for
life. "Ten dollars for that taftidful of
volumes that weren't w
apiece ? three cheers jj, ^
Somehow, with his r ,
tlnually slipping uijd?-r
young mayor made 0,,H 'J
other tables and ni:iri:.-,.,i -
of fifty or sixty dollars, i
to make each group ?.i
that he had bestow.-, j ^
attention, a little umrp lav.,*!
ment oil their table. j,n<| j ' *
ried off a huge bal.\ ^
toy booth, refusing t?. i,IlVl. it ^
causing the % enormous
alT: the ladies? all h\ ti,;s , ^
and true political su|.;,.,i!(.rs
Bob Stockton.
? Bob hurried out to ,.;ir
the baby tlcll, a pound ..t f.'r^
cushions, sachets and ?!? :
else unceremonious! v it ,, ,
home. At home he < > ?- ,
trouble then to reniov.
'"int
his purchase ? save tin
books ? and wiih tliov,. | ,. j
went to the privacy of [/*? ^
It had all come vi\i . \,
by that time. Eight . .;irN
must have been twenty r ,.n_J
selected this book fron, | ,.
a city book seller as {!,??
propriate to carry 1 1..- : ,.,x .
dared not express ot ? ( r.
eighfeen-3*ear-oId idol i.r j,js ,,
Molly Yates. He looked a?
?there was still the In;, f
?all be had dared ? "I . \[, , v'
Bob."
That was when Bob w:;s j,^
off to college. There
ters. Yes, Molly had ev?-:i
?junior ball with him. I : i j ?
Molly had made it Heai :,, t [;
a rival. Then somehow r u?air
spun Itself out. A f?-v. |,;wv<
Jewelry had been rotui:.-,
that volume of "Ileart '
casionally Bob saw M?.|-! \
tliere was never anything !. ? v
formal greeting, a gre?-:ir-.'
ways left Bob with a
rage or regret. And now }.??
more rage ? to think that M<>!lrT
should cast off this book withi.^
taking the trouble to cran* tti
scription in the front.
While Bob was thinkii;;: t! ?> J
agitated person had appeaM :;-fl
second-hand hook booth. It wa*MoB
mother. She had sent a
mistake. Her daughter had 'vl
ered the mistake. She -must vfl
back before It was sold. It wa*vB
To whom? Mayor Stoefcti.n? J
relief! Certainly he didn't war?
thing, he just bought It to
money and he lived so near! A::H
[harried Mrs. Yates, so jiiad th&'fl
book had fallen Into Mr. St?rfcfl
hands. She had forgotten, if she^
knew, that Bob Stockton had Ih*?M
of her daughter's admirers. T ^ A
been numerous in those days. sir!?
ried to the Stockton house with I
porting to her daughter.
A maid summoned B<>h
who by that time was rf'a<!in;?
of the sentimental, love-laden v*M
that went to make up the rnrMfiB
the volume. He was rather giadfH
any Interruption. Mrs. StoekM*
sitting in the drawing fooni quit -?
tated. She explained : '"It was villi
batch of books," she said. "My IvM
ter said to take ail the trash, fll
goodness knows that was tradi. H
when she found it was gone shefl
so upset ? said It was her <le:ir^t p
session. She is so tired I sup??
that's why she felt so upset. As miy?
you ought to look into the way ti?
overwork the teachers. But no* '
I can just take back that hook? J*
must let me pay for it ? my daogtte
need never know it left the fair.'
Bob got the book and insisted ?
taking Mrs. Yates back home. Tto
he insisted on talking to Molly al?&
"You really do care ? a little,"
began. "Molly dear ? "
"Yes, Bob, I haven't quit?
ten." That was about all they ^
but when Mrs. Stockton slip]?ed M
into the library five minutes later ^
saw Molly and the young mayor staitf
Jng solemnly .there in the deep rW6
fhg. One of the mayor's arm*
around Molly and Molly's pretty
was resting on the mayor's shouldtf
Mrs. .Stockton coughed m'rvou*!
and Molly tried to free herself. toil#
mayor did not permit. "We have Vc
to thank," he said to Mrs. Stockt'*
not in the least embarrassed.
may I ask for the hand of your daM
ter?"
SHOES FOR ONE-LEGGED HP
; i
Fellows With Only One Fcot &
Choice Stock in Selecting
HaJf Pair.
. "Where do the one-legged "?<>n
their shoes?" the veteran propriety
of a busy shoe store was a ^
cording to the New York Sun
"When a man with one f<?<?t
comes In We give him his
the stock in the selection of
pair," he said. "He may he
carefully as the man with two ^
and have as much liberty in :nl:>P**
his purchase to his personal t.
^ "What becomes of the other
"That depends on the stylo !?
choice means the breaking of :t
of normal type we have no
in duplicating the shoe he has M'US
by ordering , another shoe from ^
factory. In a case as simple si* ^
we charge only a trifle more tluin b*
the price of a full pair ? Just <
to care for the additional ex pons*
placing an order for a single sii??e.
the style Is not standard, and we ei
P^ct to have difficulty In repl^c,tl
the shoe, we charge considerably
than half price."
Cost of Education Soars.
Education in Scotland costs
times as much as before the war.
/ ' ' ?
i