? .u :n America and Carries Six 0 ^ ?*u, . ss&s-sasx* . ;s ,?,,. tirsi six-passenger airplane to be built in th? it , (?liicajro ready for service as a transcontinental ? d States, and It was constructed in Indiana passenger and com i*tu1u !l Indian Richest of Americans I * j,ree Hundred Thousand Red grot^e "s Own $130,000,000 of Fcrests and Woodlands. 1(1 INCOME TWO MILLIONS Lfsts Conducted by Indian Forestry ] Service According to Advanced Prin. cipies? Administration Costs Indian Only 10 Per Cent. * * Do you think Uncle Sam is + jnak/ng up for the past wrongs j ecne the red brother? This j story g^es an interesting in- ? { y6ht into what a paternal gov- * rnment now is doing for him. | r Indian. is right In the midst w pauper class; but when his i;eri:il assets are considered he be the richest of Americans, poten cy -and percupltaUy speaking; In *Ajhe richest of all humans. If individual Indirn could cash In a'n equal distribution basis his ^ The lands, live stock, minerals Ji.i at their present valuation h- a i ?uiil he Immeasurably better off than :l.f average white American, ajs ;! e forest and lumber Informa t,;r ^rvi(r ,?f th? National Lumber V'* iV.i't i'.refs' association, which has 'uiik liii a study of the Indian ;< iind Incidentally reports that :;i;r>: the average white man's >> ; for the total Indian i> >7j7.in >0.000 and there are |r>r ah' -'it h ?.i mh> Indians. < ?-f the richest of the Indian as > !;..! often brought to public i \ :/... the Indliyi forests. As |i :? / . the Indian is collectlve f\? f]?Ti??n:iI magnate. The 300. Italians own 35,000,000,000 if merchantable timber ? an iro | - iit : ,. ;nr in the American supply of '? r?-i 1, between the military and h'!i:.ns whs in northern Minnesota in a .v.. the Leech Lake Chippewas. Lvr: iv ?,.,,k to the tall timber In full I W.tin- >trenu'th when they concluded ^ a: v who had been allowed the Khil'-'..v uf removing dead and down 1 1 the reservation were not Nrii: nnvthlng In the woods that *^n'r .|,.:,d .,n-l down, at least when % sr"f through with It. It cost the 'Us "? riirht soldiers of the Third regiment and the wounding of 1. ? h?jrs for the Indians to '.m ,,r. tin* government that they r'jlt on the Job of looking after * 1 r fimhi-r. This was not an Indian ':!'r si: j in a proper sense but was i ivvi.rt to i.rins, as the Indians S|V it. to protect their established rights. Whether this demon .f is<)7 specially authorized v:;l< <>f such timber on the lands ' hippewa Indians In Minnesota. I " ii service considers now that 1 ? 'ie' unsound In principle as uraged deliberate -injury of , ' Mi i ,.r v j-lre j0 niake it "dead '"1 ''-.Mi j,." and surreptitious cutting. ' 1 ! * * t until 1909 that congrcfcs " :-'.'i Imrity for the development Indian service of a regular Son / , th'" effl0lent irtratlo" of Indian timber lands. At tor tnri'lf ^ was aPProPr'ated I ' rJ wor!i 'n the reservations. hat . . n,eanflme fhere 18 doubt of ti, >" rfr part of the f,,rest wealth ' J * lndlans w?s dissipated. Since r ,. n"'eVer' ,he forestry ??nch of ?m "P service has been ffnlldlnp np an efficient system of administer f? mher lands 'r accordance with the basic principles of the science 'of orestry. In 1910 ccngress authorized the sale of mature green timber for ie first time. It th?n became possible not only to protect the Indian timber ands from fire and trespass, but also to derive from the forests an income that has financed much of the recent general industrial development on In dian reservations. The Indians ,v \ altogether 7,000, 000 acres of comm rclal for-sts in Ad dition to lar?e adjacent areas of woodland ; the two classes of land in cluding an area larger than the com bined areas of Massachusetts and Connecticut. The mature timber standing on these lands is estimated at 35, 000,000,000 feet with a value of about $100,000,000. The Indians own forests of commercial importance in fifteen states, but the most extensive / ?holdings are in rhe far western states. Oregon Is at the lop of the list of Indian timber state*,, followed in rela tive order by Washington, Montana. J Arizona, New Mexico, Wisconsin, Cal- 1 Ifornia, Idaho and Minnesota. The handful of Klamath Indians in southern Oregon, who are the great timber lords of the aborigines, own about 8,000.000,000 feet of merchant able timber standing in one of the finest tracts of virgin timber, largely western yellow pine, in the whole of the United States. At present stump age prices this tin ber is worth at least $2.ri,000,000. As there are only 1.178 Indians, including a few Piutes and Modocs associated with the Klamaths in the (Avnershlp of this timber, a Klamath is worth in timber alone nearly $25,000 and is entitled to rank with the Osages arid other pluto cratic Indians of the oil land reserva tions. Down in the southwestern cor ner of the United States the Indians of the Fort Apache reservation have probably the finest body of timber in thaf state; and back in Wisconsin the Menominee resenatlon Cliippewas still own a billion feet of hard and , soft timber, which is recognized as J the finest timber remaining in that state. The Indians of Minnesota owft some of the finest stands remaining of eastern white pine, which Is now neor ing commercial extinction and Is pro portionately valuable. Since the establishment of the In dian forestry service in 1910 the Indian lands have been administered accord ing to a policy of reconciling forestry principles with the present economic Interests of the Indians. The reserva tion forestry problem is not just the same as that of the national forests, for it must be remembered that the Indian forests are private property of the Indians held in trust for them by the United States government. Many of the Indians, too, own their lands in individual allotments; and in such cases their timber Is held for them from much the same point of view as an Individual white settler would take. If the land is adaptable to agriculture the cutting is clean and without a view to reforestation. On the other hand In the case of the tribal forests the idea is to reconcile the need of Immediate revenue for the owners with assurance of future value of the property, and here the principle Is one of perpetual lumber ing. Only mature trees are cnt, and provision is made for protecting young trees from Injury during logging oper ations and for the cleaning up and burning of debris of logging. The tim ber is generally disposed of to con tractors through competitive bids, the contractor removing the timber him sel# under the supervision of and ac cording to the regulations of the In dian forest service. Moct Advanced Foreitry Practice. It is the boast of the Indian forest service that its regulations governing logging operations, promulgated in 1920, represent as advanced a* state as has yet been made in American forr estry practice anywhere. An illustration of the public or what might be called the wiiite man's in terest In the Indian forests is found in general regulation No. 10, which provides that in the discretion of the officer of the Indian forest service ; In charge "a strip not exceeding 300 feet. In width on each side of streams, roads and trails and in the vicinity j Saves 8,140 Buffalo { Nickels for Bank Deposit t S I I North English, la. ? A consign- ! f ment of 8,140 buffalo nickels, j I amounting to $407 and hauled to \ J the bank on an express wagon, ? i was the unusual deposit made f ? by Mrs. Rosa Miller of this city. 1 J Mrs: Miller had hoarded the f j nickels ever since tne pieces I j were coined. J. 4 of camping places and recreation grounds, may be isserved, In which little or no cutting will be allowed. This provision assures the main tenance of scenic values on the In* dlen reservations. Notwithstanding forestry regula tions, some of t'le h.rg?*st timber sales ever made by the United States gov ernment and at 'he nlghest prices have been made of Indian reservation timber In the last ten or twelve | Five sales have amounted to appso*^ mately 500,000,000 feet each and a | dozen others have exceeded 100,000, 000 fe^t each. Large units of yellow pine have been soid on the Klamath reservation at $5.50 per thousand feet, and on the Flathead reservation In Montana at $6.50 a thousand. White and Norway pine of inferior qual ty on the Nett Lake reservation in Min nesota have sold at $16 and $ ? ? ^ respectively, and in a recent sale o nearly half a billion feet on t e Qulnaielt reservation In Washington, western hemlock brought the unprec edented price of $3.00, and cedar, spruce, Douglas fir anfl other spec es were sold at $5.00 a thousand. The timber of three units of this reserva tion sold during 92: totaled more than 1.000.000.000 feet. From the Kin math reservation alone nu,re than 100.000,000 feet are ^being cut each vear ? The latest sale of Indian tim ber was that of the Valley Creek unit in the Flathead reservation In Mon tana, 130,000,000 feet, at $:>.1~ a thousand for the western yiUow pine and $3.01 for the other timber. Dur ing the past decade the value of the timber removed f n\ lands under tie Jurisdiction of the Indian service has exceeded $1,500,000 annually, and this income will presently exceed 000 The cost to the Indians of the commercial and .forestry administra tion of their lands. Including the pro tection of the timber from fire, insect infestation and trespass, has been less than $150,000 annually. Indians Get 90 Par Cent. The mdlan forest service is very proud of the fact that more than 90 per cent of the gross inconn from the Indian forest has been placed to the, credit of individual Indians or tribes for use in their support or Industrial advancement. A striking Illustration of the eco nomic salvation prudent administra tion of their forests has meant to the hidians in many cases is found in the Jicarilla Apache re&ervation in New Mexico. In 1910 the Jicarillas, exceed ingly poor, broken by disease and wretched beyond belief, were appar ently nearing extinction. By means of funds realized from sales o timber they hn\e been rehabilitated morally and physically .and are no\ far on the roa to industrial Inde l>endence. % The regulations make It Imperative for loggers in the Indian forests to employ Indians preferably wherever thev are available and fitted for th work. Many hundred Indians thus have lucrative employment by them selves. so to speak. Extensive valuation surveys have been made on a number of reserva tions and the work It going al*ea(' a fast as funds become available. This survey, besides furnishing data for a topographic map, jives the amount, kind and quality of timber, the soil classification and Its adaptability to Irrigation and farm crop production. Importance of Surveys. The surveys are also very Important In protecting the f rests from fire. On oil the reservations containing timber of any Importance telephone lines have been constructed from central headquarters to various strategic points such as ranger cabins In the mountains and the Are lookouts. The latter are located on high mountain points, which afford a panoramic view of the timber below. Men are stationed in these lookouts throughout the fire season, constantly scanning the forests with binoculars. If such an observer discovers a Are he Imme diately determines Its locaiion with an instrument known as, a' fire-finder and promptly telephones the Informa tion to the fores. er In charge, who Im mediately dlspatcl.es a crew with tools and supplies 1c fight the fire. The Indian service ^o-operates with the forest service ^national forests) of the Department of Agriculture and other agencies in fire detection and suppres sion. This, with a systematic patrol of experienced :an?ers and guards, af fords insurance against heavy losses from fire. The average cost of this in* surance has never exceeded half a cent an acre. . The proceeds from the administra tion of the Indian forests in the last twenty-five years have amounted to about $25,000,000 and It Is likely .that the Indian forests will bring in around $2,000,000 a year tar the next twenty years, and a smaller sum Indefinitely. Moreover, the, permanent Indian for ests will contribute In a considerable measure to the ; lalntenancc of a cer tain though limited supply of timber In the future. ^ V SWAM COURT FILES onus FINDS NO ? R RO R IN TRIAL OF FOUR MEN CONVICTED OF ' !' . ? ? ? . MURDER. FIFTH SAVE1 AS WITNESS / Four Who Lose Fight For New Trial Are George Williams, Frank and Fred Dpve and Jim Miller. Raleigh. Supreme Court opinions In State cases, paved the way for five more men to meet death in the electric chair of the State Prison. The five' are: George Williams, Frank Dove and Fred Dove, and ^Willie Hardison of Onslow county, sentenced to death for the murder of Cyrus Jones, Ons low county mail carrier, and Jim Miller of Lenoir- county, sentenced to do for the murder of John Sutton. The Supreme Court found no error fn the trial of Williams and the two Doves, and Jim Miller. Willie Hardi son, who took an appeal, has*been re prieved by the Governor from time to time on recommendations of the solic itor of the district who declared that In the event the other three defendants were granted a new trial, the State would be embarrassed without the testimony of Hardison, the witness upon whose testimony largely they were convicted. Williams, the^two Doves and Hardi son were tried at the October, 1922, term of Onflow court before Judge Cranmer. The first three were tried jointly after Hardison had been con visted. Other opinions filed by the court were: . Causey v. Davis, Dir. Gen., Lee, no error. State v. Williams and Dove, Onslow, nq error. State v. Miller, Lenoir, no error. - Nobles v. Davenport, Lenoir, no error. Vann et al v. Commrs., Sampson, affirmed. State v. Wheeler, Wake, no error. State vs. Foster, Franklin, no error. Leavister v. Pia"no Co., Wake, no error. ? ?. ? * . Roberts v. Massey, Franklin, no error. Newsom v. Cothran, and McKim mon, Wake, no error. Women Students to Get Dormitory. Asserting that the contriversy be tween girl and boy students at the University of North Carolina over the construction of a girl's dormitory ap parently has been settled, W. N. Ever ett, Secretary of StMe, and a member of the building committee of the in stitution. stated, a special committee has been appointed to consider plans for the proposed building. Mr. * Everett, who attended the meting of the building committee in Chapel Hill, also said a "careful checking of accounts has been made and it has ben found that the building program of the University will be carried out without exceding the ap propriation and absorbing a debt of $45,000 brought over from the build ing commission." Following the appeal of ; girl stu dents at the institution for a new dor mitory, the boys took action in oppo sition to the movement. Mr. Everett said there "evidently had been a mis- j understanding of the position taken by the women, as they are not asking for an elaborate building with swim ming pool, gymnasium and other ex tensive accommodations." They only desire a building suitable for use as a dcrimtory, he said, adding that there was not much "difference in the position of the girls and that of the committee." Governor Paroles Three Prisoners. Will Washington, serving a four year sentence in the State Prison for murder in the second degree commit ted in Pitt county, was paroled by Governor Mirrison upon recommenda tion of Solicitor Jesse H. Davis who stated thta he considers one year's imprisonment "sufficient punishment in view of the fact tht^ the killing of his wife was very likely accidental." The prisoner has already served about eighteen months on the roads. T. H. Brown and W. A. L. Smith convicted in June in Mecklenburg county of manufacturing whiskey were paroled by Governor Mirrison upon recommendation of "Solicitor George Wilson and# the fact that^ the* discovery of new evidence in the case indicates the Innocence of the de fendants. Nobles Given Respite. Owing to the continued illness of Warden Sam Busbea's wife, Governor Morrison authorized thirty day re spite 'for Milton Nobles, White, sen tenced to be electrocuted at the state's prison Friday, and for Willie Hardi son, sentenced to die March 28. The executive ordered an electrocution postponed last week because of ill ness in the warden's family. No appeal for Nobles, alleged slayer of Henry Nobles, in Columbus county, was made to the supreme court nor to the governor. , February Fknt lon $669,928. Although a short month, the flr?; loss for February, as announced byj Insurance Commissioner Wade, aggre-I gated $669,928, against $829,579 for' January, but nearly double that of! February 192& ? 354,885. While there were 221" fires during, the month, the bulk of the loss came from 20 fires in the $5,000 and oyer class of single fires at 17 points, total}* In $443,218, and of this amount $212, ? 518 represented saw mill, plaining mill and lumber fires. Two other unusual features stand out in tlie statistical table for February. One, the big ag gregate of -6,927,353 in value of prop erty at risk, and of $5,195,577 in the j amount of insurance involved. An* - other feature is the greatly increased loss in dwellings, for while the loss for January was only $92,395 or about 1-9 of the whole for February it had mounted to 229,282 or about 1-3 of the total loss for the month. There were 151 dwelling fires, 22 of stores and 13 of factories and industrial plants, all other classes being unusually small. In causes of fires, the regular lead is sustained by shingle roofs and defec tive flues, 117, followed by unknown, 35, overhot stove or furnace, 14, care lessness, -11, and oil stove explosioin 7. The Insurance Department is bend ing every energy towards making Clean-up Week, March 24-31 ? the out standing spring event all over the State, and points to the mounting losses by fire in dwellings as a special reason for a complete and prompt overhauling of all domiciles and premises in both town and coun try homes. The following towns having report ed that there was no fire or no damage from fire during last month are placed on the department's honor roll for February; Graham, Clinton.'Pinehurst, Mt. Olive, Mr. - Airy, ' Huntersville, Spring Hone, Ayden, Randleman, Nashville, Carthage, Farmville and Wake Forest. Classes of property .damaged or de stroyed include: dwellings, 151; stores; 22; industrial plants, 13. Four each of garages, unstontd autos, ware houses and barns. Three each of schools, railroad property, lumber plants, repair shops. Two each of out houses, cafes, business blocks, hotels, movie theatres, and car barns. One each of lodge, room, church, barber shop, packhouse,' office building, press ing club, ice plants. Causes of fires as listed follow: Defective flues and shingle roofs, 117; unknown, 35; overshot stove and fur nace,, 14: carelessness, 11; oil stove explosioil, 7; five each of short circuit, machine friction and defective wiring; burning trash, 4; three each of electric iron, suspicious, incendiary, gasoline ignition, smoking adjoining building. Two each of engine sparks, open fire and live coal, accidental, spontaneous combustion. One each of lamp explo sion, hot box, rates and match, child and match, match in waste. State May Establish Cement Factory. Confronted with a cement famine that may cut in half the- proposed road construction in the State this year, and seriously hadicap hundreds of private building enterprises, the State Highway Commission took the initiative in the erection of a great ce ment mill somewhere in the moun tains of Western North Carolina In an effort to relieve the congestion. With the expediture of a quarter of a million dollars the Commission could erect a plant that would greatly relieve the situation and eventually take care of the entire demand for ce ment for road construction in the State with resultant savings not only in the cost price of cement and in freight charges, but would also enable the prosecution of construction with out interruption. Just now the Commission has out standing contracts with manufacturers for upwards of 2,000,000 barrel^ of ce ment and is in the market for 300,000 barrels to be used in the construction of roads scheduled for being put out on contract April 3rd. Difficulty is be ing met in maintaining deliveries on present contracts, and in extending ccutracts to meet new construction. . Commissioners Hill, Cox and Hants 4?ave been named on a committee to investigate the adviability of the im mediate erection of a mill, and 'o look over available sources of raw ma terial. Limestone is the base from which cement is made, requiring only coal with which to burn it. Inexhaust ible deposits of stone are found throughout the mountains, and coal is available over, the C. C. and O. railroa 1 from West Virginia on a short haul. In the meantime Chairman Page is investigating the advisability of Jm porting cement from Norway, Den mark, and Belgium. Tentative ar rangements were made for importa tion during a less serious crisis last year, but abandoned temporarily be cause of transportation obstacles. Sev eral thousand tons of cement have been brought into the State by the Southern Power Co., from that source and found well adapted and somewhat cheaper. . Governor Paroles Five Men. Five paroles were granted by Gov ernor Morrison, all of the prisoners' serving trems on county roads in th? State. Those paroled were Harvey Bunting and Fred Ow<*n, serving two years on the roads in Alamance for assault of a female; Byrd Wicker and Frank Hoket serving eighteen months each on the roads of Lee county for manu facturing whiskey; and C. W. (Jrishaw, serving a term in Forsyth county for operating an automobile whils under the influence of wfelskej. CONDENSED NEWS FROM THE OLD NORTH STATE mmmmrni: # SHORT NOTES OF INTEREST TO CAROLINIANS. Winston-Salem. ? State Highway Commissioner Hanes has notified the people of Stokes county that a hard surfaced highway will be. built from the Forsytfy line to Danbury via Wal nut Core as soon as it can be reached. Winston-Salem. ? News received here announces the death in Abbotts Greek, th:s county, of Mrs. Sarah R. Weavil, aged 99 years. She was the widow of WaJJer Weavil, and daughter of David Phillips, one of the earlier Moravian settlers in this section. Greensboro. ? Mrs. G. J.. Shepherd, of this city, aged 28, a widow, was pulled from a pond at the White Oak Mill here, where she had thrown her self in an unsuccessful effort to end her life. Oxford. ? The Tobacco Board of Trade of Oxford has issued a strong appeal to the farmers 'of Granville county to fight the insects so destric tive to tobacco. They are urged to clean thoroughly ail tobacco ware houses and store houses where tobac co trash is kept. Greensboro. ? Ill-luck which has pur sued the family of J. D. Bryson since 1911 reached its tragic end here when Mrs. Bryson, aged 70, was run over by an automobile on West Lee street, this city and killed. J. C. Rice, driver of the car, is being held at police headquarters for investigation. Winston-Salem. ? The officials of Calvary Moravian church have award ed the contract to J. L. Crouse of Grensboro ,to construct a . $ 100, 000 house of worship. It will be erected near the site of the i present church which will be used until the new one is completed. ' Durham.? Declaring faith in the managerial form of municipal govern ment, W. J. Brogden, former Dui ham | mayor and prosecuting attorney an nouncetf acceptance of the chairman ship of the campaign launched to cm bat a movement for the adoption oc a commission for for the city. Salisbury. ? Salisbury sharpshooters of the Country Club have reorganized for the season and will hold regular meets with teams representing Albe marle, Concord and Charlotte. The team also will participate in the state meet at Durham May 15. Winston-Salem. ? While resisting arrest on the charge of stealing coal from a freight train at the Wilkesboro Mocksville junction, Lewis Durham, colored, was accidentally shot by De puty Sheriff W. R. Pendry and the wounded man died in a few minutes. Lexington. ? Lexington's new water system, constructed at a cost of $225, 000 to $250,000, is now being broken in. Actual operations at the plant in a limited way have already begun but l it will be some days yet before water will be flowing into the homes of the city from the big reservoir on Abbott's i creek, over .three miles from the city. Asheville. ? The coldest 19th of March experienced in Asheville in 25 years was recorded Monday. While no fear is entertained for the apple , crop, it is believed the peach and I graps crops in the immediate section ! surrounding Asheville from which re- ^ ports have ben obtained will be dam aged to some extent. New Bern.. ? A report from Jackson ville, Onslow county, is to the effect that Arthur Henderson, white yauth was instantly, killed at a poin:. be tween Jacksonville and Richlinds when he pitched headlong out of an automobile in which he was riding with friends and sustained a broken neck in the fall. Kinston.? Mrs. Herbert Harrison, 27, Is dead here of smallpox. The Health Department announced that the wo man had refused to allow herself and three small children to be vaccinat ed, though a physician had insisted up on it. Winston-Salem. ? Oscar Burton Poin dexter, aged 34 years, an employe of the Southern Public Utilities company, was instantly killed at the power plant at Idols when he came in contact with a heavy voltage wire while cleaning transformers in the plant. Carthage.? H. A. Page, Jr., has bought the Jackson Springs property from the Page interests and George Ross, and will at once begin the im provement of the place. Frank Buch an has been engaged to look after the development of the new purchase. High Point. ? The Tomlinson o/air Company, manufacturers of chairs and dining room suites, has completed plans for the enlarging of thsir plant* here. The contract calls for the com pletion <5f their addition by July 1st. Winston-Salem ? Major General Hen ry T. Allen, formerly commander of the American occupation troops in Ger many, accepted an invitation from the local post, American legion, to address - that body here May SO. Asheville. ? All officers were re-elect e?Land Statesville selected as the next 1 meeting place at the concluding ses sion of the convention of the Western ? North Carolina Weekly Press associ* tion held here. R. E. Price, of Rutber ford Sun, Rutherfordton, remains pre* dent for the tnird term. Ro&ingham.? Some weeks ago the Parent-Teachers' association of the Rockingham city schools began serv ing hot lnncbes at the new high school bnilding ? a hot bowl of soup 5 cents, milk 5 cents, etc. One hundred and seventy-five high school pupils art taking advantage of this service.