I* I
? ^ ^ ^ ^
B)ti> Anniversary
Vtasfc Famous Indian^
fc;Fig to be Observed ^
By ELMO SCOTT WATSON
year marks the fiftieth an*
nlversary of the best known,
, > most talked-about and most writHakI
ten-about Indian battle in all
American history. Officially it is
known the Battle of the LltR0
tie Big Horn river, Montana, but
My.|pkl'* the picturesque figure of Gen.
B^tTLR tlcorge Armstrong Custer, whose
dashing career as a cavalry
L-J \ leader in the Civil war and as a
successful Indian fighter on the
Hi" western plains, has so caught
fancy and so dominates this engagethat
it probably will never be known gen
Iv by any other name than Custer's Last
t. or <'lister's Last Itally or more commonly
jit inaccurately) the Custer Massacre,
ins f>'T the semi-centennial celebration of this
ms HiiLMgement are under the direction of the
una! faster Memorial association, organized
year in Montana hut including in its mema
s ere of persons nationally known who
pri'tnirmni In the work of patriotic societies
perpetuation of historical spots. One of tlgcra
en L. S. (lodfrey. U. S. A., retired, who was
jttvnant in Custer's regiment, the Seventh
Jry. "it that fateful day fifty years ago.
le jo . ram calls for participation In the celek.
t ;. present personnel of the Seventh
Iry. :,..w stationed at Fort Bliss, Texas, and
ti < oiiiio Indians, the sons and grandI
f- 'In- savage warriors who overwhelmed
tr'< ii.?~, ?'ti the Little Big Horn. The I'nitL'
. " rtitm nt is co-operating, $30,000 hav..;-;c"priated
by congress recently for
kr.i; -r>n of the troops to and from the
re a i >ingress has also passed a hill aup
. secretary of the Interior to acquire
p' ' it.d of toi acres on the site of the fight
pi Indians and the detachments compd
rv M ih.r Reno and Captain Benteen,
p. v> a part of the Custer battle, and to
a suitable monument and historical
P. "te-'oo'tatioii of wtik-h will be a part of
' n. 1;' 11 tiie /lost interesting part
ho tl.o march of the Seventh under
r'*l ' from the mouth of the Rosebud
i - at icon on .Lune 22 and following
p"C- ' ct: by Custer and his doomed men.
"Jive i,a the Custer battlefield, the
foiiorai government upon which a
- orootori many years ago, on the
23. There they will he met by
: a formal ceremony symbolical of
I:.-.:.- f the hatchet" between red men
>c i ;ike place.
lis. ; bratinn which is attracting naInn.
will be recalled a tragedy
1. : ... i|,i> entire nation a half century
? * * h i * 11 have been heard every year
: ' ii have intervened since America's
II : into their "Valley of Death."
:s battle is so well-known that it
pr." r> ; n here. It has been told and rethere
seeins to be little that is
I'" >i! Over it has raged many a bit,nd
around it has sprung up a
I mis- .if tradition, myth, misinformation
|>!.'er fortunately, however, it has
|i'? hlsi-rU:* who have worked industrious1
"d'b-;;.K" "la* story of the Custer battle and,
ft'-?l' th'-re >iin are many details over which
ft is. a l always will be, a chance for dfsftmetit.
in the main certain facts which have
I distorted have been established
fttir try- hght.
st ?.f aji, |)1P cnster battle was not the
br Massi-./re." as it Is so often called. CusBttark.-d
;;ii. Italians and fought desperately
ft ii" Jii.'l ill Of the 212 men In the Ave com"
i Seventh which accompanied him
Hkilie-i j.tlt iht re was no ambush, no slaughBf
ur.jtt ::;rd ttien, none of the other factors
B svocM jtiMify calling this battle a masB
' ' 1 ' i:ts over which there has been
.ions 'debate is whether or not
' the orders of his superior offl'II
l'-rry. and by his disobedience
R. ' idinself. In many respects
itself into an academic affair
i he mi soiuHon without a strict
: ion and definition of the
dehitie. Opinion on this matter
divided. General Godfrey is the
^ft(' ' ong t hose who believe that the
j*' ' "Milt from disobedience of orders
I i - probably as well qualified as
aoiid to make a positive stateft1"
Il ls regard.
4 Restore Leather to Go<
t.! '''T *>Pcom''s soiled and the dry clot!
''w'' '''caning, use nothing ment such a;
Biirfa,., 7"' water, going over nlture In fl
.'/'fsk,y w't*1 a 'lamp (not years.
i,' ,.r '''' ^as ',een Previously If through
air'.'/. ,l 'ake "r soap, Next come sticky,
(,v 'A'w'thout soap, and following mi
B'ji'i, "'2 dry wilii a clean directed, and
, ' K'oss as "lay disap- of wood la
by V" !leaning will he re- thinned mat
I friction produced by thinner. Wo
.....
s Last^
Next to the matter of responsibility for the
disaster Is the question of whether or not there
were any survivors of the Custer battle. The 1
center of the controversy over this point for many 1
years was the Crow Indian scout, Curley, whose f
claim to the title of '"survivor" depends entirely '
upon an interpretation of what that term means. ?
Curley was with Custer after the general had
separated his command and was with him when '
he first came into contact with the Indians. Just f
when he left Custer?at the order of the com- f
mander, by the way?Is not known definitely, but 1
It has been pretty well established that he wns not
with him when Custer made his last stand on the I
barren hillside over which the red wave of de- '
struction swept to blot out five companies of the '
Seventh. The only genuine "survivor" of that last '
desperate struggle was not a human being, but 1
a horse, Comanche, the claybank sorrel charger 1
ridden by Capt. M.vles Keogh of I Troop of the 1
Seventh. Comanche was found after the battle, r
wounded in seven places but with tender care s
his life was saved and he lived to an honored old
age. f
Despite indisputable evidence that there wns f
only one real survivor, a horsey and one human f
being who had a faint claim tojbeing a survivor '
?Curley, the Crow?during the last half con- 1
tury there have come to light innumerable ''stir- '
vivors" whose claims have been easily exploded
by competent authorities hut who have succeeded
in deceiving many persons not familiar with the
Custer battle. In the same manner innumerable
"Custer scouts" have gained wide publicity. Tlicv
bob up at such regular intervals that the headline
"Last of Custer Scouts Dies" has become a
commonplace. Evidently every packer, wagoner or
other civilian employee of the army, who ever had
any remote connection with Custer's regiment,
some time before he dies gets the idea?or his
friends get it for him?that he was a "Custer
scout" and either living or dying lie enjoys a brief
moment of fame. If ail of the men who have
claimed to be "survivors" or "Custer scouts" hail
been with Custer on the Little Rig Horn on June
25, 1876, It Is difficult to see how ten times the
number of Indians who were there would have
been able to have wiped out Custer's command!
One of the favorite pieces of fiction about the
Little Rig Horn battle is that the Indians were
led by Sitting Rull and that Rain-in-the-Fnce personally
killed Custer. While it has never been
definitely established just how prominent a part
Sitting Rull had in the battle (some authorities
say that be was not even in the fight) it has been
fully proved that the leaders who were principally
responsible for maneuvers of the Indians on
that day were Chief Call of the Hunkpapa Siour,
Chief Crasy Horse of the Oglala Sioux a?d Chief
Two Moons of the Cheyeimes. As to Raln-In-theFace's
claim to distinction?it Is true that there
was a feud between him and Capt. Tom Cnster,
brother of the general, and that he had threatened
to cut out Tom Custer's heart. It is also true that
Tom Custer's body was found after the battle
thus mutilated and, although Rain-ln-the-Face is
accused of having done this, in the closing years
"of his life lie denied it. His denial was made to
a man of lifs own race. Dr. Charles A. Eastman,
and under all the circumstances It is reasonable
to believe that lie told Doctor Eastman the truth.
Within the lust year there has been much dispute
over the arms which Custer and his men
carried into the battle. Many urnsis who nave .
drawn pictures of the Custer battle have shown s
the soldiers using swords, when as a matter of
fact there was not a saber in tiie entire command. 1
The men of the Seventh were armed only with i
ancient single shot Springfield carbines and Colt '
revolvers and it was partly because of these In- <
effective single shot carbines that Custer's com- 1
mand perished. f
Another favorite piece of misinformation lays 1
1 | * m? ly new product, but It can be
Ou v/OllQlUOn at leading paint stores, toge
Its thinner. Insist upon wooc
h. An occasional treat- as the ordinary lacquer (bai
j this will keep the fur- is not satisfactory,
tie condition for many "An ounce of prevention is
ponnd of cure," and so it it
misuse the finish has be- ter to keep the leather froi
it can be helped in the ing" sticky than to attempt t
inner: Clean as above afterward.
when dry apply a coat ???? ?
cquer which has been Him Obfutcatior
erially with a lacquer "Ah, Mr. Gloom, you look i
od lacquer is a relative- couraged and worn out," said
*
NEWS, TRYON, N. C.
(All DhotOKraoha conyrlaht by D. F. Barry.)
>art of the responsibility for the disaster upon
he "cowardice" of Major Reno in not going to the
support of Ouster. E. A. Rrinlnstool, a historian
vho has made a special study of this campaign
ind who lias brought to light many important
'acts about it, lias definitely disproved this impuation
of cowardice on the part of Major Reno
ind has done much to show that the man who for
10 long was "the goat" in this unfortunate affair
n reality was something of a hero.
It has remained for Prof. O. G. Idbhy of the department
of history nt the University of North
>akota to remove the stigma from the names of
ither brave men connected with the Custer batle.
in addition to the Crow scouts who accominnied
the Custer expedition there were also a
lumber of Arikara or Ree Indian scouts. The
nanner of referring to their part in the battle hv
nnst historians is to say "the cowardly ltees lie I
it the first fire." Professor I.ibby's investigation
imong the surviving members of this group of
scouts, published by the North Dakota Historical
moiety under the title of "The Arikara Narrative,"
cVi.rws conclusively that the term "cowardly Rees"
s utterly unfair and untruthful. When the Arikirn
scouts "lied," they did so expressly upon the
irders of General Custer who told them that they
,vere to guide him to the Indian village but were
;o take no part in the fighting.
Rut for all the disputes, controversies,"charges
ind counter-charges connected with this battle
o make it unique among Indian fights and for
ill that the general features of its story are well
tnown to most Americans, there Is much that Is
nteresting and thrilling and Inspiring which has
lever yet become widely known. There is the
itory of the narrow escape from deatli of I.ieut.
Charles C. De Rudin, Sergt. Thomas O'Neill,
scout Wily Jackson and Interpreter Fred Girard,
,vho became separated from Reno's detachment
luring the first days' fighting and, after numerous
larrow escapes from denth, managed to rejoin
;lieir command while it was neieuguereu on me
nils to which Heno was forced to retreat.
There is the story of the brave men in Reno's
oinmand who In the face of persistent Indian fire
isked their lives to creep down to the river to
fet water for wounded and dying comrades. They
ecelved congressional medals of honor for their
leeds, it is true, but they are almost unknown except
to a few historians of the Custer battle and it
s to be hoped that entblazoned high on the new
nemoriai will be their names. They were the
'ollowlng: Neil Bancroft, Abram .T. Brant, Thomas
f. Callan, Frederick Deetline, Theodore W. Goldn,
David W. Harris, William M. Harris, Rufus D.
iutchinson, James Pym, Stanislaus Roy, George
Scott, Thomas W. Stevens, Frank Tolan, Peter
Thompson, Charles H. Welch, George H. Geiger,
Jenry W. B. Mechling, Charles Wlndolph and Oto
Volt. Along with their names should be those
>f Sergt. Richard P. Hanley; Sergt. Benjamin C.
Criswell, Sergt. Thomas Murray, Coip. Charles
Cunningham and Private Henry Hoiden, all of
vhom were awarded similar medals for various
icts of gallantry during the two days of the battle
ind siege.
A reunion of the survivors of the battle was
leld on the field in 1880, the tenth anniversary of
he fight, and at that time Chief Gull of the Sioux
ind Chief Two Moons of the Cheyennes went over
lie field with officers of the Seventh and described
the battle in detail as they remembered it.
Gall is long since dead, as are all the other
ndian leaders on that fateful day. But their spirits
nay be there this June, not so much to rejoice
igain over one of the greatest victories the Inlians
ever won over the whites, as to rejoice
vhen the "hatchet-burying" ceremony signalizes a
inal and lasting peace between red men and
vhite.
obtained I thetlc party. "What is the matter,
ther with sir?"
" * **- - - ' I- ??
I lacquer, -j am oDruscaieu, m ? ?. wcaiuj
nana oil) replied J. Fuller Gloom. "My niece,
who went to the academy a few
! worth a months ago, modestly wearing the
I far bet- plain but serviceable name of Amanda,
n becom- has emerged from the temple of learn0
treat It ing decorated with the wildly ornate
handle of 'A'Mandee,' and I do not
see that there is anything at all that
1 I can do about it."?Kansas City Star
sadly dl?
a sympa- Hatred la celf-pcnlslunent
"i -l .* ^ * * i -
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Tablet Throws Light
on Noah and the Arh
In 1872 George Smith of the British
museum found an interesting tablet in
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but Paul Haupt, professor of
Assyrlology at Johns Hopkins university,
has recently rendered a more
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Professor Haupt told the American
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DR. W. B. CALDWELL ^
AT THE AGE OF 63
While Dr. W. B. Caldwell, of Montlcello,
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