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KINQ3 MOUNTAIN HERALD, KINGS MOUNTAIN, N. 0. DICE flU MAKES RUSSIA WELCOME WAR Pan-Slavism Against Pan-Ger manism the Appeal of the Czar to His People. CRITICAL TIME FOR EUROPE Enthusiasm With Which the Conflict Km Bun Hailed la Ominous Strength of Fighting Force of That Vaat Country la Little Known. New York. Pan-Slavism against Pan-Germanism la tha lsaue which UUl Bervla launched when the em peror of all the Russias took up the quarrel with Austria-Hungary. Rus aia. could want no better ground for war. Already the popularity of her aggressive big brother attitude to all tha Slav baa been attested In St. Petersburg. It shea been a long time sane wax haa appealed with the same fa Tor to to large a part of the czar's people. Smarting under the recollec tion of the Ill-fated Japanese conflict, which commercial Interest fastened upon am ndlfferent nation, and mind ful of past German threats and tha Tery recent German browbeating, which kept Russia in check during the last Balkan scramble, Russlana will not stand aloof from a war which ap peals to the popular fancy with a Fan-Slavic rallying cry. And when all of Russia puts Its heart Into a straggle the time may well have ar ztred which Bismarck foresaw. "It will be a critical time for Eu oope," aaJd he, "if RusBla should pro dee a strong statesman who, in pur anlng a, given bold policy, would not ahrlnk from sacrificing the lives of a few , hundred thousand or even of a aaUllon men." Russia's Potential Destiny, Who can say that the time has not arrived ? The bold policy can be no . . leas than a Slavic challenge of the Oermanisatlon process which has been steadily at work In the near East The hundreds of thousands, even mil lions of men for sacrifice are not wanting. The strong atateaman alone -la aeeded to make prophecy good, and only tha event can prove that he Is lacking. - Bismarck was not alone In recog- ailing Russia's potential destiny. She haa been a country slow to rise from a lethargy of medieval unenllghten- - agent But the resources of her limit '' Jea area and the physical and Intel- , Ileetaal possibilities of her people have ' .long been recognised as potent factors " "SO fee reckoned with In the future of Atarope. Champions of the Slav on . many sides have hailed Russia as the - -coming world power, says the Evening float 'Slavs there are a-plenty to menace tha allied German powers, even If here were not allied French arms on Germany's other flank and Britain's "naval supremacy to cope with. Slavs have spread over all of eastern Eu- 'lop, from the Arctic to the Adriatic and the Aegean seas. When Russia Aided Bervla. lor over a thousand years these Slawa hava nannlori ITiirnnn seat nf thm Elbe liver. And for centuries they kept the hordes of Cossacks, Turks and barbarians off Europe. Russia In . those days was called "the nation of the aword." Thia will not be the first time that that sword has intervened tor Servla. After 400 years of vassal .; aunt to Turkey the Serba rebelled In v 1804, and then only Russian interven tlon saved them from defeat. - What renders the Russian menace ' bo formidable In the present juncture is the unusual enthusiasm which Is being displayed. Ordinarily the huge . population of 171.069,800 people la rather apathetic toward the attitude i taken by their emperor. At present. Judging from the demonstrations re ported from St. Petersburg, the czar may reasonably count upon having be- tdnd him the 92,000,000 Slavs among - Bis subjects. Moscow and Odessa have een similar demonstrations within the past few days, and It, as it is as- i aerted, the czar ' himself assumes ,:' command as generalissimo of all the iorcee, the wave of enthusiasm is ex pected to sweep over the whole empire. Russia's Latent Strength. Who knows what Is the strength of -the Russian bear, once ha Is roused In sullen fury? ; In the ten years fol lowing the Russo-Jspanese war Russia . kaa- strengthened her army and navy, and has materially cut down the time required for the mobilization of her forces by eliminating many of the - dl faculties attendant upon transporta tion and equipment of troops. Her quiet advances toward becoming a Power to be feared by the most for , mldable European nation have been v recognized in a vague way. Just what aer potentialities are even Russia her 1 self can only guess. Certain it is, however, that the Rus--alan nation would welcome the oppor- (unity to retrieve the prestige lost In bar encounter with her previously is :. aigrJflcant adversary of the tar East " With the average Russian, as with any Btndent of Russia's last war, it is rfhrai conviction Uiat the world fa gen-. raj erred grievously In measuring the power of Muscovite arm by the Issue t conflict with Japan. Russia ea- . that war Ignorant ef her dver- Hapsburg Rule In Austria - Has Lasted Six Centuries The house of Hspeburg, whloh Irules Austria-Hungary, haa sur vlved from the eld days of despotic kingship, through all the revolu tions, detest In war and overturn- Jng of ststes of six centuries. Curi ously enough, It Is at the hesd of no despotism, but of a free, constitu tions! monsrchy. Great evente have been crowded within the six centuries' rule of the Hapsburgs In Auatria. The wars In which these monerche have been engaged during that period have been many. They hav copsd In turn with every other European power that rose to rival them. They hav fought ths Turk and tha Prus sian, tha Russian, Frenchmen, Ital ian, Spaniard aad Dutchman; and thsy havs far more often Buffered dsfsst then corns off ths victors In theee mighty conflicts. No ruler were ever mors unfortunate In wsr or even suffered more bitter pensl tles for detest Tims waa when the Auetrlsn monarch held away over Spain and the Netherlanda, over a large part of Italy and many provinces of eastern Eurooe. One by one these territories have been wrung from his grasp; ssch cen tury hss wltneesed eome loss of do minion to him. On the other hand, Auatria haa long been fortunate In having a line of shrewd and abls atateamen, who hava often made up, by diplomatic triumphs, for her losses In war. tJo nation suffered ao terribly as Aua tria from the aaaauit of ths first Napoleon. Yet, after the terrific combats which ended In Nspoleon's fall, Austrls reaped mors solid gains from the final settlement by treaty than any other power. sary'a strength, entirely unprepared herself in a military sense and as a people, except for the commercial In terests, Indifferent to the causes of the war and its objects. 8tsady Preparation for War. The rehabilitation of Ruaala atrength In the far East and the In creased effectiveness of the Trans-Si beiian railway as a transportation agency In time of war, are as nothing to what haa been done nearer the Ne va to prepare Russia for Just the sort of contingency she faces today. Re organization of her local Irregular mili tia force haa been accomplished. A navy which found Itself crippled after the disasters met with In the far East, Is In process of reconstitutlon. Al ready In effective fighting ahips built and building It Is very far ahead of Italy and twice as well oft as Austria- Hungary. In torpedo-boat destroyers she Is about as strong as Germany, and in submarlnea has a distinct ad vantage. Great progress has been made In the air service both for the army and navy. To such purpose, In deed, has Russia taken up this branch of warfare which promisee to figure prominently in modern battles at sea and on land, that she is said on the highest authority to be probably the third strongest air power In the world, with Italy fourth, and Great Britain fifth. .;. All Trained to Arms. In considering the potential strength of the armies Ich Russia, in the course of 41 long war, might put in the field. It may be pointed out that mili tary service in that empire of more than 171.000,000 people Is universal and compulsory. Service under the flag begins at the age of twenty and lasts for twenty-three years. Usually, It Is proportioned as follows: Three or four years In the active army, four-' teen or fifteen In the Zapas, or first reserve, and five years In the Opol chenle, or second reserve. For the Cossacks, those fighters who are a conspicuous element of Russia's mili tary atrength, there Is hardly a cessa tion in discipline during their early manhood. Holding their lands by mill tary tenure, they are 'table for ser vice for lite. Furnishing their own equipment and horses the CosBack Is almost Invariably a. cavalryman they pass through three periods of four years each, with diminishing duties, until they wind up In the reserve, which replaces casualties in time of war. : Could Muster Lsrge Force. - With respect to the armies which could be put In the field in time of war there are conflicting estimates. It seems certain that Russia's war strength Is more than 4,500,000 men, but, of course, tha train service and the artillery tor such a force is lack ing. Two and three-quarter, million men could probably be flustered atJ one time. As tar as arms go, the Rus sian Infantryman carries a fairly ef fective rifle, though not the most mod ern. It la a .Z99-callber magazine gun, holding five cartridges, and It la sighted to 8,000 yards. In the event of a prolonged war, in which the tide of affairs should put Russia strictly on the defensive, she" would be less easily Invaded than any large country of Europe. The very extent of her empire, protected by nat ural barrier at almost very side save where she touches northeast Europe,, would present almost insuperable diffi culties to the Invader, Napoleon paid dearly for his fortitude in pushing his columns into- Moscow. The only con ditions under which a repetition of such a feat is conceivable are not likely to be found during the sort of European struggle whloh now threat ens. . German aad Austrian troops will be too much preoccupied with fight ing -within and along then- boundaries to be able to give their undivided at tention to such a problem a a suo ceesful invasion ot Russia n n TRACES WAR TO A Professor Dorsey of Chicago Field Museum Finds Austria's Atti tude a Sequel to Pan-German Versus Pan-Slav Con test, He Says, Not Economic but Psychologic. Nations Are Now, as Ever in the Past, Divided by Language Source of Trouble Is That Political Boundaries Are Not Coterminous With Linguistic Groups. (Oeorge A. Doner, Curator of Ethnology, Field Museum, In the Chicago Herald.) An orphan mongrel cur having for the first time In 600 years got enough spunk up to take bis tail from between bis legs, begins to wag It and feel growing pains. Along comes a great big dog and says: "Put that tall down and gimme that bone." We see this sort of thing nearly ev ery day. Once upon a time little old Servla was an empire and very nearly over came the Byzantine empire, which probably would have changed the whole of European history. There might have been no Turkey in Europe. That was In the fourteenth century, under the mighty Dushan. Explain Austria's Action. .. Servla la now a poor, wretched little peasant kingdom not balf as big as Illinois in size, with less people than the city of New York. And now the house of Hapsburg would wipe little Servla oft the map I Even though the process Involve more lives and money than any war of any time! That Is the life. You or I in the house of Hapsburgs shoes would do the same thing. It Is the law of exist ence. Nature works today as in the stone age or when saber-toothed tiger fought with mastodon. Why does Austria-Hungary, the Dual Monarchy, want poor peasant Servla? Hasnt the Dual Monarchy, with its In ternal babel of confusion, enough trouble already? Why Other Are Interested, Suppose the Dual Monarchy doea want Servla, what la it to Russia? Suppose Russia does object what Is it to Germany? Suppose Germany ob ject's to Russia's objecting, what busi ness Is It of France or of England? Supremacy. Balance of power. Human nature. Life. ,. I propose to analyze this whole situ ation. And right here let us clearly recognize the fact two facts: The contest is not economic but psy chological In Its fundamental nature; peychologlo laws are not ecomonlc laws. ' To put It another way, the desires which lead to action in eastern Eu rope are cot based on Christian eth ics or rational procedure, but on cer tain thoughts. Things are what we think they are; and thinking depends on the point of view. '. . ., Illustrating the Point -Pan-Germanism vs. Pan-Slavism. If we understand this, we have traveled far. First, let me give an illuminat ing Illustration: In Prague, an important city of Aus tria, I was warned that I would get along much better In shops and other wise If I employed English first Of course English Is not generally under stood in that city, but German is. We naturally think of German as the lan guage ot Austria, and proud as the ancient capital of Bohemia was once, to all Intents and purposes a German city, she now tries to forget, and won't talk German If she can possibly help It Pan means united, all; the term pen- Germanism stands for a movement which seeks the common welfare of the Germanic peoples of Europe at the expense of pan-Slavism or common weal of Slavs. 1 y ' Becomes Question of Tongues. Before we can understand the sig nificance of these two movements we must consider the question of the "Na tionals," or the "Races," as it is some times called. In fact, this Is cot a question either of nations or ot race, but of tongues. The classification of .mankind by tongues la ancient and fundamental. ; UNITED STATES WILL PROFIT Chance to Capture Trade of South . America and Other Part Now Hld by 0rmany, South American trade, long coveted and sought by American manufactur- may be thrown open - to ihem through Germany becoming on of the battling forces In the- European war. That is about the only ultimate ben efit that the United states will receive SOLDIERS OF THE SERVIAN CLASH OF TONGUES Before flags and religions men knew friend from foe by the language teat Mora than half of all the wars of Eu rope have been fought by parties mu tually unintelligible. Broadly speaking, all European lan guages belong to the Aryan group. The most Important exception Is the Magyar, a dialect of the same lan guage spoken by Turks and Finns. How Divided by Language. Of the Aryan tongues there are three great general divisions in Europe Ro mance, Teutonic, Slavic. We are In terested only In the latter two. And of the Teutonic German is spoken by 80,000,000, of which 10,000,000 are In Austria and 2,000.000 In Hungary. There are 140,000,000 Slavs In Eu rope. From this it appears that the pres ent political boundaries are not coter minous with linguistic groups. Right here In this fact we have the seeds of present and, future trouble and a clue to the causes of most of the wars ' la eastern Europe through 2,000 years. Slav Situation in Europe. To get before us the full signifi cance of the fact suggested by the map let ua consider the linguistic com plexion ot these countries. . Russia Is a veritable hodgepodge ot tongues, but of her Slav population alone we have at least two distinct elements today bitterly opposed to each other with the possibility, it not the probability, of a third, which will seek recognition. As against Russians proper there are over 10,000,000 Poles, and of the remaining Slavs there are 8,000,000 Ruthenlans, or Little or White Rus sians, as they are sometimes -called. Of the general Polish situation I shall speak later. In Germany there are over 3,000,000 Slavs, chiefly Polish. Of Austria's 30,000,000 population only about a third Is German, the re mainder being Slav, of which there are over 6,000,000 Czechs or Bohemians, 6,000,000 Poles, 3,500,000 Ruthenlans, and a million and a quarter Slovenes. Many Tongues In Hungary. Hungary Is even more diversified In tongue. The Magyar element (10,000,000) is equaled by the non- Magyar made up roughly of 2,000,000 Germans, 2,000,000 Slovaks, one-halt a Million Ruthenes, 3,000,000 Serbo- Croates, all of the Slavonic tongue, and about 3,000,000 Roumanians who do not speak Slav at all, but a Ro mance language. We need cot here consider the lin guistic affinities of the Balkan states. It Is enough to say that Servla Is pure ly Servian and Slav, Bulgaria is Bui gar and Slav (though the basts of blood of Bulgars Is, like that ot the Magyar, Asiatic). - v The population of Montenegro, about half a million, are. Slavs of the Ser vian branch, Roumanians are ot mixed origin,, but the Roumanian tongue Is spoken by, 12,000,000 people, of which five and a half million are In Roumanla (92 per cent of Its total population), the remaining millions are found In the Dual Monarchy, Ser vla, Bulgaria and Russia, People Develop Languages,' Millions of people today speak Pol ish whose ancestors a few generations ago weren't conscious of the fact that they spoke any language at all. To day there is a Slavonic literature; 50 years ago no one even 'thought of such a thing. The millions of Bohe mians had become almost entirely Ger mans! and never . before have they been so thoroughly Slavonic as today. Bohemian hostility to Germany has been called a passion! It was not so very long ago that tha language of the Hungarian parliament was Latin; Magyar was held fit only for peasant talk. ' Today ths bitterness between from a general European conflict In the opinion of John J. Arnold, vice president and manager of the foreign exchange department of the First na tional bank of Chicago. - , : , "By Germany entering the arena' of war the most important competitor of the United States in South America la removed for some time." salt Mr. Arnold. . "England is a strong eoinpetk tor for this trade, but the Oermajna do by far the largest proportion. But Germany with ports blockaded, or at least handicapped, cannot feed ber im- ARMY Magyar and Slav is as strong as be tween German and Pole. . 'A few years ago there was no con sciousness In Galicla of linguistic dis tinction between Poles and Ruthe nlans; Rutheuian peasants were con tent to remain serfs of Polish nobility, There was no Ruthenian literature; Ruthenlan was not a polite language. Today there are distinguished scholars who seek to found a Ruthenian univer sity. , . Rouses Nstional Spirit And this brings us to a strange and Interesting phenomenon that has swept across Europe, now even around the World, in the laat half century the rise of a linguistic consciousness. which In so many Instances haa sought expression in statehood. Primitive man knew his enemy as one of strange tongue, and language was the basis of social organisation. That was tbe condition In Europe till Greece, and later Rome, began the game of conquest. The holy Roman empire gathered these diverse savage hordes under a single government, but never into homogeneous state. The modern empires of Germany, Russia, Austria have continued the old game. And the tendency to central Ize and build up even larger empires grows apace on the one hand, with the other tendency equally strong for the diverse elements of these modern states to resolve themselves into an cient tribal elements, based on lin guistic Unes. Trouble In Barring Language. And the whole trouble la due to the fact that European statesmen were not far-sighted enough to know that often the easiest way to get some thing is by pretending you don't want it The Polish tongue wss never so dear to the Poles ot the kingdom as when Russia forbade its use in pub lic places and for public purposes, The sympathies of the Roumanians of Hungary are not so much with the flag of their country, or their loyalty so much for the emperor of the. Dual Monarchy as tor the flag and the king of Roumanla. - The case of Poland is probably fa miliar to all. It Is enough here to re call that by a process of dismember ment which took place about 100 years ago, the ancient and honorable kingdom of Poland, which had had a long and illustrious career, ceased to exist V Lion's Share to Russia. The greater part of the kingdom fell to the lot ot Russia, with the an cient Polish city of Warsaw as its center. ' A smaller portlcu fell Into the bands of Austria, and today forms tbe prov ince of Galicla, with Its two Important cities, Lemburg and Cracow. A stlU smaller portion, with Posen as Its center, passed into German hands. , -. - V-' Russian Poland was permitted to have a constitution of its own from 1815 to 1813, snd its own government till 1864, at which time It quite lost Its administrative Independence. ; Four years later its government was abso lutely incorporated with that of Rus sia, and the Polish language was de nied a legal existence. "' ' Coercion" Causss Discontent Possibly Russia governs Poland bet ter than the Poles could have gov erned It themselves; It is conceivable that In the substitution of the Russian for the Polish language (and the two are closely allied) the Poles would have little, if anything to lose. ' It is quite within the bounds of Im agination to believe that Poland a a part of Russia could participate in a much larger world than could hav been possible to her had she remained Poland. i '.' - .y--,---- .:, . But It is contrary to human nature to be coerced; it is contrary to hu man nature to be compelled to gir up mat to wnicn we nave Become habituated. ' - i The Poles of Russia naturally have been discontented. ' They hav not been satisfied with their representa tion In the Russian duma; they are dissatisfied with Russia's treatment of the Jewish question in the, kingdom. , Russia's efforts at repression not only double but redouble Polish' ef fort to gain recognition, to win free dom. There are million of Pole who dream of and hope for a reunited, free, aad independent kingdom of Poland. - mens commerce In South America, Africa,: China and other points, and the great chance will hare arrived for American manufacturers, . "There la no question bat that South Americans prefer German goods. They are accustomed to them, and It would require a, great deal toi obtain their trade in ordinary times..- But if Ger many is tied up by war they must hay these product, no matter where they get them. - They will be forced to turn either to England or to the United State." ' .. ' PTtfMYTF A X JLVVX XV X JU el X CLEAR SKI1L CUTICURA SOAP And Cuticura' Ointment. They afford complete satis faction, to all who - rely upon them for a cjear skin, clean scalp, good hair, and soft, vhite hands. Samples Free by Mall Cations Bop ind Otounml sold thrauftioal tbe world. Lttttnl Minpfc) ot MA nulM too, wltb S3-p. eook. Addrm "CuUoura." Ifevi. 12B, Boston. HUBBY GOT THE GOODS, BUT- lt Was the First,. Flush of the Hon eymoon, and He Says "Never Agsinl" "Never again," was the conclusion of a story told by a young bridegroom of the month, after he related bis ef forts to please his bride by fulfilling . her every wish. : Sitting In his office a few days after the wedding he received a telephone call which was something like this: Dearie, I do so bate to trouble you. but I have run out of lace for that dress I was making, and I can't finish It until I have another yard. Can't you stop at the store and get some a : you come home Oh, I can tell you what it is like ust four leaves, then a sprig, then four leaves, then a sprig, and so on It's just two threads over an Inch wide." He hung up the reoelver and mopped his brow., He walked by the store twice, finally entered and approached' the lace counter. She was pretty, but he bad been married only a week and was busy repeating In his mind: Four leaves, then a sprig." "Well, after looking at 600 samples of lace, I got It, but" Indianapolis News. .. .! Woman Deserved Sharp Retort ' A white Pomeranian escaped from the arms ot Its mistress In Surf sve- nuet Coney Island, the other night and ran In front of an automobile. A newsboy darted after the dog, caught it and then (ell in a mud puddle. He lost a dozen or so of papers but held on to the dog, which he returned to Its owner slightly soiled. "You Impudent little scamp!" said the woman. "What made you get the dear little dog so dirty. Tou ought to be whipped." "I am mighty glad I didn't save your life," replied the boy, and a score of onlookers applauded him. - - The coming man is seldom noticed until he arrives. Even the baby in the cradle find this a rocky world. - - We Do ," the Cooking You avoid fussing over a hot stove ' ; Save time and energy ' Have a dish.that will pleats ' the home folks I A package of l oasties and tone cream or .good milk ' sometimes with berries of fruit1 ; A breakfast, lunch or supper i FMoraKingt Toasties are tweet, crisp bit of Indian com perfectly cooked and toasted , Ready to eat from the package , ' SolJ by Cm-
The Kings Mountain Herald (Kings Mountain, N.C.)
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Aug. 13, 1914, edition 1
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