The news in this publica
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
Published weekly by the
tion is released for the prJss on
TxTiEvl/S LETTER
University of North Carolina
the date indicated below.
for its Bureau of Extension.
JUNE 23,1915
CHAPEL HILL, N. C.
VOL. I, NO. 31
Editorial Boardi B. C. Braiisoii, J. G. deR. Hamilton, L. R. Wilson, Z. V. Judd, S. R. Winters, L. A. Williams. Entered as second-class matter November 14, 1914, at the postoffice at Chapel Hill, N. C., under the act of August 24,1912.
NORTH CAROLINA CLUB NOTES
WHEAT ENOUGH AND TO
SPARE
The 1915 prop of winter wheat iu North
Carolina is 10',SOO,000 bushels, according
tp the Federal Bureau of Crop esti|nates.
It is three and a lialf million bushels
more than the 1914 crop, alid nearly
twice our five year average since the cen
sus year.
The average yearly consumption of
wheat ill the South is around 4 bushels
-per person. Which uieaus that this year
we have wheat enough in North Clarolina
and some to spare.
./
ROUND-UP RALLIES
Some time after layiug-by-tlme next
summer, along in late July or early 4^'"
gust, i^ays Superintendent S. P. Lock
hart, we sliould have six or seven com
munity rallies at so many country ven
ters in the county. The speakers at
these rallies will be the pick of the State
and the Ignited States.
It has been suggested that they can 1k‘
all-day basket-picnic occasions and every
body can have a good time while think
ing al)out the best interests of our county.'
The school conmiunities, the churcli
authorities'and the Farmers’ Union Lo
cals can begin right away tik plan, these
occasions. Write Superintendent Lock
hart or I’rof. 1%. C. Branson at the Uni
versity about tlie speakers wanted.
NORTH CAROLINA CLUB STUDIES
PER CAPITA CORN PRODUCTION IN NORTH CAROLINA
(.Based on th(' • 1910 Census.)
/ C. ^t. MOOHE, University of North Carolina.
The per capita consumption of ^;orn in
the United States is around 31 bushels
per year. This amount is needed each
year to furuish food for man, feed for
beasts, and to supply tlie' various manu
facturing requirements of the nation—
‘orn starch, glucose, distillation of spirits
and the like. When more thair this per
',apita anioimt is produced we have corn
to export, and when less. Torn to import.
North Carolina in ber earlier days
made a much better record than at pres
ent. In 1S50 she produced 34 busliels for
each man, woman, and child in the
, State. Only one county produced a
great«.‘r yield than this in 1909; Hyde
with a/ecord of 42 bushels per annum.
Hyde and Clay Lead
The Thirteenth Census further shows
that there were only two counties in the
State wli'ch raised a sufficient supply of
corn; Hyde and Clay with records of 42
and 32 bushels respectively.
The highest record in total j)roluction
in 1909 *was inade'.by Kobt'son wliich
raisetl 1,042,050 bushels, ^et Kobeson
ranks twenty-second in per capita yield—
producing only 20'bushels, am] therefore
needing 11 bushels moi'c per inhabitant
than it pro3.uc.ed.
Johnston came neSt with a total of
951,431 bushel‘s, and with a record .of 23
bushels ranked eleventh iu per capita
yield.
New Hanover Last *
New Hanover ranked lowest i.if all the
counties'of the State, producing slightly
more than oni' bushel per inhabitant.
Our/ production ilecreased from
bushels per inhabitant in 1850 to
bushels in 1880, and to 15 bushels
1909; but in 1914 the yield rose to
bushels per inhabitant.
Decreasing Deficits
The corn deficit for the entire State in
1880 was 18,758,000 bushels, ii/'l909 it
was 34,331,000 busliels, iu 1914 it was
23,339,000 bushels. i
From 1880 to the last census year our
pojiulation increased 65 per cent, while
the increase in corn production was only
36 per cent.
The table wlftcli follows .shows the
coulities of North t^aroliuarin llie order of
per capita corn production, with, the
total deficits; that'is to say, ^the number
of bushels that had to be imported to
satisfy tlie demands of home production.
LIVING A WHOLE LIFE
President E. K. Graham
It is not the fimction of the Univer
sity to make a man merely clever in
his profession. That is a comparative
ly easy and negligible university task.
It is also to make vivid to him through
his profession his deeper relations—not
merely proficiency in making a good liv
ing, but productivity in living a whole
life.
■ The professions of law, medicine,
the ministry, journalism, commerce,
and the rest are essential to the up-
liuilding of a democratic common
wealth; liut they must be interpreted,
nr>t'as ad\'entures iu selfish advance
ment; but as public enterprises in con-
structi\ e statesmanship, liberating botl i ^
the state and the man.
It is tlie function of the university
not only to train men iu the techni(}ue
of law, but to lift them to a higher
level of achievment by making them
living epistles of social justice; not only
to majce men clever practitioners of
medicine, but to lift them into coiis(?r-
vators of the public health; not merely
to train teachers in the facts and the
methods of education, but to inspire
them with the conviction that they are
the productive creators of a new civili-
zatioii.
UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
LETTER SERIES NO. 33
The State Per Capita Production 15 busliels, Total Doficit 34,331,000 bushels.
;?
4
5
>6
6
Bank Per Cap. Pro. Total Def.
HO bushels 7,045
27 bushels 83,976
26 bushels 132,102
25 bushels 109,345
25 bushels 145,461
24 bushels 50,429
24 bushels^ 62,229
24 bushels • 69,454
23 bushels 89,987
23 bushels 62,306
23 bushels 106,661
23 4)ushels 331,990
23 bushels 161,69^
23 bushels 127,915
23 bushels ^ 93,408
21 bushels \W2,878
21 bushels 292,417
21 bushels 260,866
21 bushels - 76,532
20 bushels 53,273
2b bushels 81,734
20 bushels 330,076
20 bushels 568,235
19 bushels 269,553
19 bxishels . 449,865
19 bushels 15S,644
19 bushels 254,585
19 bushels 186,842
18 bushels 185,094
18 bushels 463,332
18 bushels 303,314
18 bushels 225,692
18 bushels 1,48,713
18 bushels 227,517,
18 bushels 496,608
18 bushels 66,971
18 bushels 461,044
17 bushels 426,214
17 bushels 247,531
17 bushels 282,811
17 bushels 200,131
17 bushels 404,147
17 bushels 186,939
17 bushels 296,780
17 bushels 281,017
17 bushels 271,540
17 bushels 422,795
16 bushels 431,333
8
11
ir
11
11
11
11
11
18
18
18
18
23
22
22
22
26
26
26
26
26
31
31
31
'31
31
31
31
31
31
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
50
■ Camden
Harnett
Sampson
Yadkin
Chatliam
Alleghany
Jones
Pamlico
Alexander
Currituck
Greene
Johnston
Madison
Orange
Yancy
yi.she
Handolpli
Duplin
Polk
Grajiam
Transylvania
'Wilkes
Robeson
Burke
Cleveland
Davie
Haywood
Scotland
Cherokee
Iredell
Lenoir
Lincoln
Macon
Person
Pitt
Tyrrell
AVayne
Beaufort
Bladen
Caldwell
Caswell
Davidson
McDowell
Kutherford
Stanly
Stokes
Surry
' Alamance
\
Kank
50 Catawba
50 Gates
50 Granville
50 Heildersoii
50 .Tackson
50 Onslow
50 Swain
50 Union
"50 A\'atauga
50 Wilson
61 Pasquotank
61 Rowan
61 Warren
64 Caliari'us
64 Columbus
64 ('umberlaiid
64 Lee
64 Nash
64 ^Mitchell
70 Bertie
70 Buncombe
70 truilforil
70 'iNIartin .
70 ^Montgomery
70 Moore
70 Northampton
70 Pender
70 Perquima’iis
79 Anson
70 Rockingliam
70 Washington
82 lOdgecombe
82 Gaston
82. Halifax
82 Hertford
82 Kichmon(^
82 Vance
82 Wake
89 Chowan
89 Craven
89 Franklin
92 Forsyth
83 Mecklenburg
93 Brunswick
95 Carteret
95 Durham
97 Dare
98 New Hanover
PIG CLUB BOYS IN IJORTH
CAROLINA
Seven hundred and fifty boys are en
rolled in the Pig Clubs of the state for
1915.
' Sampson county leads with 119, follow
ed by Johnston with 106. Note that
both couyties have^^school supervisors.
The full list follows: Alamance 15; An
son 21; Beaufort 6; Bladen 8; Brunswick
13;.Burki; 1; Cabairus 2; Caldwell 1;
Chowan 1; Chatham 4; Cle\%laud 1;
Craven 27; Cumberland 29; Currituck 1;
Davidson 7; Duplin 2; Durham 38;
Edgecombe 4; Forsythe 16; Franklin 1;
Gates 7; Granville 15 ; Guilford 22; Har
nett 2; Hoke 4; Iredell 3; Johnston 106;
Macon 1; IMeckleuburg 64; Nash 4;
Northampton 3; Person 1; Pitt 15; Ran
dolph 14; Eichmond 2; Robeson 14;
Rowan 24; Rutherford. 1; Sampson 119;
Stanley 10; Union 5; Vance 1; AVake 74;
Warren 10, Wilkes 32; Wilson 5. i
Minimum Equipment for
Biology
Basis, six pujiils. Cost, about 5>25.
6 sets of dissecting instruments.
6 dissecting pans.
6 dissecting hand lenses.
6 large battery jars.
Drawing paper and note books.
Reagents, alcohol 95^ and 85%, for
malin 4fc,_glyceriu, Canada balsams for
mounting specimens, if school lias
1 compounl miscroscope
1 box glass of slides for same.
Cover glasses. ' (
Minimum Equipment for
Physical Geography
Basis, six pupils. Cost, about 118.
Mercury barometer.
Aneroid'I larometer.
Maximum and mininmm tliermoiueter.
/
Rain gauge.
AVMnd \'ane.
Small globe for each pupil.
Sun path dial.
Modelliug tables.
Clay, pulp or plaster of Paris.
Hydrometer, wet and dry bulb.
In addition, it is desirable to liave one
or more of tlie following: Goode’s Sim
Board, J)12., the Solar Calculator or
Morse’s Heliodon, $15,, Kec4er’s relief
models of Niagara, Mount Shasta, Crater
Lake, Grand CJanyon and the' Teacher’s
]\Iodel, costing from $10 to |20 each.
Recommended by the'State> Department
of Education of N.- H.
Equipment for Physics and
Chemistry
The equipment for Physics and Chem
istry depends so much upon the character
of the course and the list of experiments
which it is intended shall be performed
that it is impossible to set down a list of
of needed apparatus without also prescrib
ing what the experiments are to lie.
There is a standard set of exjieriinents
which is pre.scrilied by the University of
North Carolina. This list of experiments
and of the ajiparatus necessary for per
forming them can be secured from the
University School of Education or from
the L. E. Knott Apparatus Ci>., Boston,
Mags.'
Surely no one should attcnupt to teach
either one of the.se two subjects without
a laboratory and a fixed 'list of experi
ments to perform. Such subjects as these
cannot be properly taught and the value
of the subject matter pr'operly u.sed in,the
de\'elopment of pupils without a wdse
choice of experiments and a wise use of
them. To teach such subjects from a
text-book alone utterly nullifies ^he rea
son for their beiiig^n the cumculum.
Better not teach them at all than to teacli
or try to teach them with no apparatus,
^lucli of the apparatus can be made by
the pupils and where such is the ca.se there
is an addend \ alue to the work.
IVr Cap. Pro. Total Def.'
16 bushels 416,603
16 bushels 154,649
16 bushels 371,941
16 bushels 239,917
16 bushels 179,672
16 bushels 216,066
16 bushels 153,428*
16 bushels 509,704
16 bushels 202,225
16 bushels 442,764
15 bushels 263,880
15 bushels 609,660
15 bushels 324,545
14 Imshels 457,790
14 bushels 48^749
14 bushels 585,102
14 bushels 191,211
14 bushels 577,507
14 bushels 288,567
13 bushels 425,839
13 bushels 918,364
13 bushels 1,251,380'
13 bushels 316,522
13 bushels 256,475
13 busliels 297,718
13 bushels 299,488
13 busRels 281,678
13 bushels 196,334
12 qushels 467,256
12 bushels -685,479
12 bushels 209,420
11 bushels 536,456
11 bushels 738,895
11 bushels 740,261
11 bushels 303,572
11 bushels 400,312
11 bushels 395,035
11 bushels 1,273,108
10 bushels 243,516
10 bushels , *534,785
10 bushels 431,790
8 bushels 1,071,990
7 bushels 1,600,076
7 bushels 323,=;59
6 bushels 349,952
6 bushels 892,255
3 bushels 137,783
1 bii.shel 856,894
SANITATION SUNDAY
Some Sunday in August all the churches
in Orange county might have a program
deNtited to| Public Health and Sanitation.
Why not?
,When nearly oiie-thinrof the deaths in
North Carolina year by year are of little
children less than five years- old, and
when more tiiaii two-thirds of the chil
dren who die are less than a year old,
]>ublic health may well become a religious
concern.
There are too many little gf’aves iu our
church “yards; too many deaths of help
less babes and childfeu from diseases that
can be prevented by intelligeut care and
attention 1 AVhat lietter subjects can our
churches consider just now wiieu fly and
dust borne diseases are ' breaking hearts
in hundreds of homes?
ORANGE COUNTY PROGESSES
Dr. L. L. Lumsden of the United States
Public Health Service was in Raleigh
yesterday in the interest of the health
work now iu progress in Orange C'ounty.
Dr. Lumsden expressed himsdf enthusi
astically concerning the progress of the
work there, and especially of the fine
spirit prevailing among the people
throughout tlie county. He says in no
other county or state has bo seen such
splendid spirit and general co-operation.
Simultaneous ■with the investigations
that are being made in Orange County,
similar w ork is being done, under the
direction of Dr. Lumsden, in four coun
ties ill other states, one each in IMaryland,
Alabama, Kansas and Iowa.
’At a recent meeting, tlie city council of
Hillsboro, the capital city of Orange,
unanimously passed a I’esolutioii provid
ing that every property owner or' house
holder be provided with a sanitary closet.
This means that at least 150 homes in
Hillsboro will be equipped with sanitary
closets at an early date and that the type
will be that approved by the joint health
commission now at worjc in that county.
Chapel Hill and Carrborq are consider
ing their own particular health problems.
The mill owners iu the county are also
planning to install sanitary sewerage dls
posal plants at their mills.
/SCHOOL NEWS
CORRESPODENCE COURSES
In' planning your work for the summer
and its continuance this coming winter
be sure to consider the possibility of do
ing some studying by corresjiobdence.
Full information may be secured from
Professor Williams, Room 16, Peabody
Building.
WHOSE BUSINESS IS IT?
Have you thought about what you can
do in your school this next winter for ttie
49,000 illiterate white' male voters in
North Carolina?
Have you planned how you will help
reduce thq 132,000 white illiterates ten
years of age ami o\-er in our State?
Does,it concern you that North Caro-
.-lina has sie/[ler cent more illiterates ten
to fourten years of ag(> than the average
for the United States as a whole?
AVliat can you do about'it?
A LIVE BOARD OF TRADE
The Reidsville Commercial and Agri
cultural Association is saying wise things
to the business men, tlie farmers, and tiie
folks ill Rockingham, in the Reidsville
Review' week by week.
An alert board of trade knows that
cities cannot- safely grow' fat in a lean
countryside; that permanent farm pros
perity and business opportunity are caus
ally related; tliat enriching the surround
ing trade territory is more important
than any one or a dozen new industrial
plants.
IMost city boards of trade are busy
boosting tiie town, attracting investors,
increasing the population, swelling the vol
ume of trade, running up the price of va
cant lots, and rejoicing the hearts of the
real estate dealers. And most boards of
trade are dead—tlead as Dickens said !Mr.
Marly was—dead as a door nail!
Here is a modern Ghamber of Com
merce ; modern becau^it is interested in
agriculture and the surrounding country-
•side. Watch it!
TRIED AND PROVEN
Co-operative enterprise in Catawba has
}assed beyond the stage of experiment
and doubt into that of tried and prov^i
success.
Tiie'Creamery is five years old. Last
year it put into circulation among the
farmers some $200,000. The disburse
ments . for tlig month of March were
118,000.
The county has now gone with
equal success into co-operative egg col
lecting, tire insurance, potato marketing,
and a farmers’ building and loan associa
tion.
Western North Carolina has entered
upon a new chapter in agricultural de
velopment. Crop growing is bfing top-
ped-off with live stock production aiid
farm industries.
iMarketing farm wealth on four legs in
stead of four wheels is a great step for
ward. No farm community ever yet
grew rich selling crops alone at any price
whatsoever. •
The next quarter century in our grain-
-_!growing ’ " " ’
hay and forag^ counties will
show great gains in good ’ roads, good
schools and churches, diversified crops,
more and better farm animals, accumu
lated farm wealth,, home comforts, con
veniences and luxuries.
A certain, steady, weekly income the
whole year round means economic free-
I dom in the farm regions. 'It means a
^ self-supporting, self-financing, self dl-
I recting democratic civilization.
RIGHT AND PRIVILEGE
The North Carolina Bill of rights de
clares : the people haw the right to the
pri\ ilege of education,^ and it is the duty
of the State to guard and maintain that
right.
In the year 1913-14, the total school
population of North Carolina was 778,283.
( )f this nuhiber 599,647 were enrolled in
the.schools and 408,464 were in daily at-
teuilaiice. That means that nearly oiie-
half the people entitkHl to the rights of
education in this State did uot reoeive
them. Whose fault is it?
SOUND ADVICE
In a reccnt issue of one of the educa
tional magazines Dr. David Snedden
soimds the following trumpet blast for
more sensible work in manual training;
We do not yet know- what wll be the
ultimate status of manual training for
boys 12 to 16 years of age; but we can
guess pretty certainly that the programs
and theories which claimed chief atten
tion ten or fifteen^ears ago are already
largely disciirded in communities that are
educationally- progressive.
Stout, Gary, Hitciiburg, these are but
a few of the sources to which a city super
intendent with a clean slate as regards
manual training sliould turn for sugges
tions. We need to make more of our
manual training.for older boys.- We must
make it masculine, man-size, productive,
practical, genuine.
AVe need to forget the days of little
finished models, coat hangers, feminine
fussiness, toe-the-liiie exercises, in honor
of the crude and practical in maaual
training.