The news in this publica
tion is released for the press on
/
the date indicated below.
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
NEWS LETTER
Published weekly by the
University of North Carolina
for its Bureau of Extension.
I JULY 21,1915
CHAPEL HILL, N. C.
VOL. I, NO. 35
Editorial Board: E. O. Branson, J. G. deR. Hamilton, L. R, Wilson, Z. V. Judd, S. R. Winters, L. A. Williams. Entered as secoad-class matter November U, 19U, at the postoffice at Chapel Hill, N. C., under the act of Augiist 24,1912.
NORTH CAROLINA CLUB STUDIES
OUR BILL FOR IMPORTED
FEED
It is diard to believe that 76,8,00 farmers
in Nontti Carolina in the census year
l)OUglit feed for their farm animals; that
ithree in every ten of our farmers spent in
?:iiold cash for this purpose, on an avera.ire,
^41 apiece, and all told, 13,151,000.
iln 56 counties, the per cent of farmers
ilniying farm feed was beyond the state
:average (30 per cent). In 36 countie^s
more than a third of the farmers bought
•stock fc^d; ill five, more than half of
them; and in one comity, nearly three-
fourtha of them!
In 24 counties more than a thousand
farmers bought farm feed. lu six coun
ties, around 1,500 farmers were supplying
^•deficiencies in this way. In Robeson the
farmers buying fann feed numbered
1,739; in Wilkes 1,875; and in Wake
1,965.
The ratios ranged from 9 per cent in
Dare to 73 per cent in New Hano\ er; and
ithe sums spent for farm feed averaged all
ihe way from $23.15 in Yancy to 1121.90
per farm in New Hanover.
Laggar^TF armers.
Jn the 1910 Census, it appears tliat
184,000 farms in North Carolina grew no
Jiay and forage; that 25,393 farms, or iMie
in every ten, grew no corn; that nearly
;200,000 farms grew no oats, and more
Ahan 200,000 grew no wheat'
A fifth of the hay and forage eonsunied
in the South is imported, arounl one
{.and a half billion tons a year. Our year-
1
ly bill for M'estern hay and forage is
some seventeen and a half million dollars.
It makes the Middle Western farmers
just that much richer and leaves us just
so much poorer.
Barns, bins, cribs and smoke houses
buiviting: with home-raised feed and food
supplies mean permanent farm prosperty.
They point the way to a self-feeding, self-
financiug, self-directing farm democracy.
They spell economic freedom.
Moving Forward
North Carolina is moving toward this
ideal. Since 1880 we have nearly quad
rupled our acreage in hay and forage.
^^'c have multiplied our peanut acreage
eleven times over since 1880. We have
trebled our wheat crop in the last fi\e
years, and thi.n year we have a small sur
plus for exi>ort. We have not done so
well in corn production, but we have in
creased this crop nearly 60 per cent in
the last 15 years. Our oats crop is 700,-
000 bushels larger than 1 .st year a\id our
potatoes two and a third million bushels
more.' And on,the first of last January
we^had nearly 300,000 pigs in 6he state
more than in 1910.
Holding Down a Billion
Dollars
W'e are rapidly learning tlie abc’s of
farm economy; namely, that the first
business of the farm is to feed the farm
er’s family and the farm animals.
This lesson, well learned in the South,
would increase our farm wealth at the
rate of 936 million dollars a year!
FARMS BUYING STOCK FEED IN NORTH CAROLINA
1910 CENSUS
MISS H. L. SPROUT, Georgia, University of North Carolina Summer School.
Average expenditure by 76,837 farms, J41; all told $3,151,100
1
2
2
4
4
6
.7
7
•9
‘9
9
9
13
14
14
16
17
17
17
17
21
21
21
21
25
25
25
28
28
28
31
.31
31
31
,35
^36
|37
j37
I 37
[37
I 37
■42
' 42
42
I 42
I 42
*42
l48
‘.48
ank Counties Per Cent Farms
Buying
Dare 9 12
Iredell 14 549
Orange 14 637
Graham 15 115
Pitt 15 685
Lincoln 16 364
Cleveland 17 665
Gaston 17 485
Madison '..18 594
Stanly 18 447
Union ...18 879
Yadkin ...18 450
Rowan 19 615
Davie 21 372
Edgecombe 21 615
Wilson 22 ' 759
Craven 23 485
Franklin 23 831
Hyde 23 314
Johnston 23 1,412/
Burke 24 607
Randolph 24 946
Rutherford 24 831
Scotland 24 354
Alamance 25 625
Alleghany 25 362
Cabarrus 25 587
Haywood 26 555
Pamlico 26 . - 284
Swain 26 363
Chatham. 27 993
Lenoir 27 647
Person 27 648
Robeson 27 1,739
Davidson 28 992
Vance 29 592
Beaufort 30 891
Cat.iwba 30 964
Currituck 30 284
Macon ., 30 591
Northampton 30 1,022
Ashe 31 1,011
Guilford ....31 1,174
Mon tgomery 31 521
Onslow 31 637
Pasquotank 31 387
Tyrrell 31 479
Bertie 32 1,028
Buncombe 32 1,317
Uank Counties Per Cent Farms
Buying’
48 Halifax 32’ 1,392
48 Mecklenburg 32 1,406
48 Rockingham 32 1,029
48 Wake. 32 1,965
48 Wayne 32 1,305
55 Alexander 33 629
55 Caswell . .33 667
55 Jackson 33 621
55 Nash 33 1,399
55 Sampson 33 1,514
55 Warren 33 890
55 Yancy 33 709
62 Caldwell 34 858
62 McDowell 34 55^
64 Cumberland 35 665
64 Greene 35 764
64 Jones 35 472
67 Camden 36 297
67 Forsyth 36 942
67 Granville 36 1,157
67 Hertford 36 816
67 Martin 36 765
67 Polk 36 415
67 Washington 36 345
67 Watauga 36 828
67 Wilkes 36 1,875
76 Miti-hell 37 914
76 Richmond 37 607
76 Surry 37 1,546
79 Anson 38 1,268
79 Chowan 38 377
81 Cherokee 39 739
81 U'e 39 498
83 Bladen .40 992
83 Clay ' 40 305
83 Harnett 40 1,074
86 Columbus 41 1,386
86 Duplin.'.. 41 l,-'>78
88 Brunswick 42 705
89 Moore 44 1,399
90 Stokes 46 1,536
91 Gates 47 671
92 Carttiret 48 469
92 Durham 48 774
94 Pender 52 1,030
94 Perquimans 52 690
96 Henderson . .54 '1,164
96 Transylvania 54 479
98 New Hanover 73 305
MAGNIFY THE HOME COM-
MUNITY
Henry W. Grady
Go out determined to tnagnify the
community in which your lot is cast.
CUiltivate its small economies. Stand
by its young industries. Commercial
dependence is a chain that galls every
day. A factory built at home, a book
publishcfi, a shoe or a book made,
these are stei>s in that difl'usion of
thought and interest that is needed.
Teach your neighbors to withdraw
from the vassalage of distant capital
ists, and pay, under any sacrifice, the
mortgage on the home or the land.
By simple and prudent lives,, stay
within your own resources, and estab
lish the freedom of your community.
!\Iake every village and cross-roads,
as far as may be, soverign to its ovmi
wants. Learn that thriving country
sides with room for limbs, conscience,
and liberty are better than great cities
with congested wealth and population.
THE
NEW HANOVER LEADS
UNION
Every country school, white and black,
in New Hanover County, North Carolina,
has a sanitary outside toilet w'ith water
tight, fly-proof receptacles. This cannot,
be said of any other one of the 3,000
counties in the United States.—Dr. 0.
W. Stiles of Jhe U. S. Public Health
Service.
Netv Hanover, as might be expec-teil,
has the smallest per cent of white illiter
acy in North Carolina,
LEADS THE UNITED STATES
North Carolina has more Whole-time
Jounty Health Officers, twelve all told,
than any other state in the Union, said
Dr. Stiles of the United States Public
Health Service to the Country Life Con
ference at the University the other day.
Adequate attention to public health
and sanitation calls for competence,
courage, energy, initiative and freedom
from dependence upon private practice on
part of the county health officer. Any
thing short of this will still leave the peo
ple of any county scourged by postpon-
able, preventable deaths year by year.
The whole-time health bfticer is the
thing and Dr. W. S. Rankin, our State
Health Officer, is shouting it all over the
state. He has put North Carolina into
the lead. H urrah !
SENT FREE OF CHARGE
Our Orange County farmers are hav
ing trouble w ith blight in tluur apple and
pear orchards, and our farm-wives iire
calling for instruction about cholera,
roup and scab leg in poultry yards, and
worms in their bee gums.
The Federal Department of Agriculture
has sent us a small supply of the follow
ing bulletins which will be mailed
promptly by us upon postcard demand:
Growing Peaches: Sites, Propagation,
Planting, Tilling, and Maintaining of
Soil Fertility.
Poultry jNlanagement.
Fungicides and their Use in Preventing
Diseases of Fruits.
The Treatment of Bee Diseases.
The Pear and How' to Grow it.
The Jlore Important Insect and. Fun
gus Plnemies of the Fruit and Foliage of
the Apple.
Comb Honey.
Growing Peaches: varieties and classi
fications.
Growing Peaches: pruning, renewal of
tops, thinning, interplanted crops, and
special practices.
Spraying Peaches for the the control of
brown-rot, scab, and curculio.
Imporbint Poultry Disease.8.
Pruning.
The Propogation of Plants.
Bees.
Important Insecticides; directions for
their preparation and use.
GREAT COUNTRY-LIFE
PROGRAMS
A mere glance through the programs
printed elsewhere in this issue will con
vince the reader that the University of
North Carolina and the .\grieultural and
.^lechanical Gollege are trying to reach
and to serve the people of tlw state.
Every subject liiscussed by every speak
er in the University Country Life Con
ference, July 5-10, vitally concerned
every one of the 253,000 farm homes in
North Carolina. As it was, our limited
accommodations iiiade it possible for us
to reach barely more than 700 people;
teachers, country dwellers, school officials,
ministers and doctors-—teachers mainly.
Everybody of every vocation in the
state would have been helped by Dr. ]\Ic-
Keever’s inspiring addresses. j
And it was a mortal pity that the min-1
isters of every name, sect, and sort could
not have heard Dr. Charles K. Maddry’s j
address on the Country Church and
Rural Lfplift. |
The farmers and fann-wives can well
aftbrd to make sacrifices to attend the
Convention at the A, & M. College, Aug.
24-26. Here is another great opportun
ity.
RURAL LIFE CONFERENCE AT
THE UNIVERSITY OF
NORTH CAROLINA
Country Homes and Amuse
ments
1. Play and Recreation in the Coun
try—Dr. McKeever.
2. The Beautifying of Kural School
Grounds.—Dr. W. C. Coker, University
of North Carolina.
Rural Club Work
1. Club Work for Boys.—T. E.
Browne, Director of the .“^tate Beils' Corn
Clubs,
2. Club Work for tiirls,—i\Iiss Rein
hart, One-time kural Su[)ervisor of Ala
mance County.
_3. Country Life Clubs.—Miss Mary
G. Shotwell, Kural Supervisor of Gran
ville Coujity ,
4. A New Democratic Plan for Boys’
and Cfirls' C'lub W'ork.— Dr. M(d\;eever,
University of Kansas.
Rural School Improvement
1. The Work of School Betterment As
sociations.—Miss lidith Royster. Assist
ant 8uj)erintendent of Public Instruction,
\\ ake County.
2. Some Welfare W'ork for Country
Women.—Dr. McKeever.
3. Some Recent Developments in Agri
culture.—Hon. W. A. Graham, State
Commissioner of Agriculture
Improvement of the Rural
Home
1. The Water Supply.—]\lr. Fred
Yoder, Catawba county.
2. Home Fruits and N'egetables.—C. J.
Hayden of the Agricultural and Mechan
ical College.
3. The Home Dairy.—Stanley Combs,
Specialist in Dairying, State Experiment
Station.
4. The Best Type of 1 lome for the
Country.—Dr. Wm. C. A. Hamniel,
State Normal and Industrial College, and
Mrs. Jacttues Busbeer Raleigh.
5. The District School as a Source of
Rural Mindedness. —Dr. McKeever.
Rural Sanitation
1. Some of the Problems of Sanitation
in Rural North Carolina and How Teach-
ei’S May Help.—Dr. W. S. Rankin, Sec
retary State Board of Health.
2. The Aim, the Scope, and the Ex
pected liesults of the Orange County Sur
vey.—Dr. F. E. Harringlon.
Rural Sunday Schools and
Churches
1. The Social Aspects of the Country
Church andSunday School.—Rev. Charles
E. Bladdry, I'astor of the BaiHist Taber
nacle, Raleigh.
2. A Brief Account of Some Etlective
Work.—Dr. Lillian W. Johnson, Chair
man Rural Organization Tennessee Wom
en’s tllubs.
3. Preparation for Kural l^adershij).—
Dr. McKeever.
Evening Sessions
Some Pressing Country Problems.—
Prof. E. C. Branson, University of North
Carolina.
1. Some Problems for the Farmer.—Dr.
11. y. Alexander, President of State
Farmers’ Union.
2. A Co-Operative Social l-nion in the
Country.—Dr. IMcKeever.
A Better Race of Men and W'omen.—
Dr. McKeever.
Address—Dr. C. W. Stiles, U. S.
Pubhc 1 (ealth Service.
TYPHOID PREVENTION
SIMPLE
Typhoid pre\'ention calls for two
things; (1) sanitary closets with water
tight, fly-proof receptacles and (2) a
proixir disposal of nightsoil. Jus^ these
two things w'ill jiuf an end to home
bred typhoid in any county.
Under the lead of Dr. Rankin of the
State Health Board and Drs. Lunisden
and Harrington of the United States Pub
lic Health Service, the people of Hills
boro, Chapel Hill, and Carrboro, the
schools, and the country homes of the
county are rapidly providing these two
essential necessities.
With them we will have no more ty
phoid, which is strictly a filth disc^ase.
AVithout them we will always be cursed
with it, along with diarrhoea, cholera
infantum, and other similar germ dis
eases.
Make Orange the model sanitary coun
ty of the United States!
CONVENTION OF FARMERS
AND FARM-WIVES
Farmers’s Program
At the Agricultural and Mechanical
College, Raleigh, August 24-26. In brief,
the important program is as follows:
Conditions in the Average Farm Home.
—Dr. F. E. Harrington. U. S. Public
Health Service. .
How these conditions Can Be Rem
edied.—Dr. W. S, Rankin, State Health
Board.
Jletlical Inspection of School Children.
—Dr. Cooper, Chief Bureau of Rural
Sanitation.
How 1 ]\lade My Farm Pay.—B. F.
Shelton, Speed, N. C.
11 orticultural (,'onference. —Conducted
by Prof. J. P. Pillsbury.
[jive Stock Conference.—Conducted by
Prof. Dan T. tiray.
Agronomy Conference.—Conducted by
C. R. Hudson.
How to Grow Corn.—Pi’ofs. Newman
and Sherman.
Addresses by Dr. J. E. Rice, Cornell
University; Dr. C. W. Piper, U. S. Dept,
of Agriculture; T. C. Johnson, Norfolk;
J\lrs. Calvin, Washington, D. C.
Horticultural Demonstration.—C o n -
ducted by Profs. Pillsbury and Hutt.
Slaughtering and Trinuning Demon
stration. live Stock Judging.
\\’ater and Sewerage Systems in Coun
try Homes.—I’rof. M. F. Fullan, Au
burn, .Ala.
Butler aiid\j.\i ilk in Country Homes.'—
J. 11. McLain, ^\'ashington, 1). C.
Chickens and Eggs the Year Round.—
A. G. Oliver.
The Farmer’s Home tfarden.—I’rof. T.
C. Johnson, Norfolk, \'a.
The Home Ta)>le.—Miss Jamison,
N. I. College.
Farm Accounts.—J. M. .fohnson,
eral Office of Farm Management.
Tare Allowance in Cotton Marketing.—
Maj. AV. A. (iraham. State Agricultural
Commissioner.
The A'alue of C)tlicial Cotton Grading.—
O. J. McConnell, Washington, D. C.
The Value of Good Koads.—I). H.
Winslow, AA'ashington, D. C..
Land and Loan Associations.—John
Sprunt Hill, Durham, N, C.
The Farm-wives
Organization of Clubs.—Mrs. Josephus
Daniels, Washington, I>. C.
Community AVelfare.—Mrs. John Rob
inson, Hickory, N. C.
Kural Clubs in Sampson. — Mrs. .1. AA\
Jones, Salemburg, N.
Beautifying the Home.—Mrs. Lindsay
Patterson, AVinston-Salem, N. C.
t!o-Operative IMarketing. —Mra. J. Z.
Green, IMarshville, N. C.
Country Produce and ('ity Consumers.
—Mrs. Cronie, Wilmington, N. C.
Prepaiatiou of A'egetables for the Ta
ble.—Mrs.- AV. N. Hutt, Raleigh, N. 0.
The Den>ands of Northern INIarkete.—
Mrs. Jane S. ilcKimmon.
I'reserving.—Demonstration by Ma-
damcs Redfern and Downer.
Market Products: Questions and Dis
cussions.
Addresses by Mrs. G. M. McCarren,
Assistant Director of Institutes and Mrs.
Mrs. J. B. Boylin, President of the F^arm
\\"oman’s Convention.
State
Fed-
FULL FILES WANTED
If our readers wdll send us twenty
copies of the University News Letter, De
cember 16th issue, we can supply twenty
more full files of our little paper to the
thoughtful people who are calling for
them, all the way from Massachusetts to
Missouri,
The calls come mainly from our - own
home folks, farmers, lawyers, bankers
and business people all over the state;
mainly from the lawyers and bankers,
by the way.
The University News IjOtter is a unique
source of information about North Caro
lina is the one comment we hear oftener
than any other.
ONE FOOT FORWARD
The farmers of New Hanover county,
North C’arolina, have been able to ac
cumulate total farm wealth amounting to
$1,144,000 since 1724. But the bill for
food and feed imported for consumption
within the county in 1910 was $2,464,000.
That is to say, the people of New Han
over send out of the county year by year
for food and feed stuffs more than twice
as much wealth in cold cash as the farm
ers of the county have been able to ac
cumulate in 186 years.