North Carolina Newspapers

The news in ihis publica tion is released for the press on bi date indicated below. the university of north CAROLINA NEWS LETTER APRIL 5, 1916 Published weekly by the University of North Carolina for its Bureau of Extension. CHAPEL HILL, N. C. VOL. II, NO. 19 Editorial Boardi B. 0. Branson, J. a. cleR, Hamilton, L. B. Wilson, L. A. WiUiams K. H. Thorntou, O. M. Mo.Kie. K-itnred as secontl-olass matter November 14, 19U, at the postofflce at Chapel Hill, N. C., under theac.t of AuRuat 24,19ia. NORTH CAROLINA CLUB STUDIES SCHOOL HEALTH WORK Says Dr., (llnxton in his last report: ]n co-operation witii tlie State i')epart- mei't of Kducatioii, the Oregon State Board of Mealtli ha.s oiTereil to" deputize one pupil in each school to look after lightinfT, ventilation, water supply, toil- lets and buildings and grounds. The pu pil taking this office receiver .from the State Board of Health a health otticer’s nietalhadge and a httle circular of instruc tions on sanitation. These deputy health officers are being appointed in a large number of schools of the state. Why would not some such p'an be worth while and workable in Xorth Caro lina? MILLIONS IN TUBERCULOSIS FIGHT The National Association for the Vre- vention and Study of Tuberculosis reports that' during 1915 more than 122,500,000 was spent in the tuberculosis campaign, an increase of $17,500,000 as compared with a decade ago. The work of the Association has in- icreasetl from the care of tubertulosis pa tients, which was its sole function, , until Jast year when more than $1,000,000 was rfpent in organization and edm'ation; more than another million in examining, giving advice to, and treating patients; more than $350,000 was s'pent in treat ing tuberculous children; while nearly 1750,*000 was spent in t!ie care of the tu berculous insane and criminals. The bulk of the amount spent in the antitubercu losis campaign was, of course, expended in sanitoriums and hospitals, nearly 600 of which expended $19,250,000.—.lournal of tlie American Medical Association. TYPHOID VACCINATION If there were any need of any addition al proof of the value of anti-typhoid in oculation this would be well supplied from the latest reports from the British army in France and Belgium. In the trench lighting of the present -war it is a pi-actical impossibility to carry out successfully the ordinary methods of .sanitation. Yet since the beginning of the hostilities there have bee^i but 1365 cases of typhoid among the British forces Nearly all of these were among jiersons who had failed to receive the inoculation. Among the few inoculated persons who developed the disease the death rate has been less than one-third of the rate among the iminoculated. junior year, in certain subjects—-major- aud minor conrse.s—lias already proved its value, and is continued. Tlie follow ing new (-oursc.^ in Kuglish ar(‘ added for next year: Kuglish Compo.^Jition, to sup- pleuient freshman English, and a course in Kditoriul and Feature Writing. Extension WorK J he catak)gue shows that the e\tei;sion department of the University is now of fering as many as 135 public lectures, by 33 members of the I’niversity faculty. Lecturers are furnished on reipiest to anv community which pays the traveling ex penses of the lecturer. The extcm.sion department also otters general informa tion concerning books, reading, essays, study outlines and subjects of general in terest. Literature will be loaned from the hbrary upon the jiayment of transporta tion charges each way. As many as 37 correspondence courses in various sub jects are uo«- being olfered. Further more, guidance in debate and declama tion is furnished, county economic' anil social surveys are supervised, and nujni- cijial reference aids are given. The niore important lectures now given yearly at the University are the AIcNair lectures on science and philosophy, the Weil lectures on American Citizen.sliip, the University lectures on Literature, and the Southern exchange lectureship. THE UNIVERSITY GROWS The new catalogue of the University, •which has just come from the press is the la^st ever pubhshed, containing 340 pages in all. This growth in size is due to the addition of many new courses, and ^ also to the fuller treatment of L^niversity activities. The Catalogue shows that'the faculty'of the University now numbers 97 in all: 65 professors anl instructors and 32 fellows and assistants. 1252 Students Tlie number of students enrolled for the'year is as follow's; In the college 750, the graduate school 36, the school of Law , 134, the-fschool of Medicine 77, the school of*Pharmacy, 52; the >Summer .School (candidates for degrees, 193, and normal students, 538) 731. The total number of regular students (no names repeated) is 1,252, or including the normal students, 1,695, the largest enrollment in the liis- t :>ry of the institution. New Entrance Conditions ^ few changes have been made in the entrance conditions for next year, certain vijcational subjects now being accepted for,entrance. However, a candidate may offer only two units in vocational subjects for admission to the College of Liberal Arts. These vocational subjects include —commercial geography, a half unit; general agriculture, one unit; bookkeep ing, commercial arithmetic, aiid stenog raphy and typewriting, one unit each; manual training, two units. One unit of c:^dit in general science is also granted. Spanish may be substituted for French or German in lieu of entrance require ments. New Plans and Courses (The plan, inaugurated last year, of re- qniring specialization, beginning with the EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY If democracy has any valuable and ultimalc meaning it is e(|uality of opportunity. But there can be no eipiality of o|iportuni(y iu life without eiiualiry oi opportunivy in education. II to any child this is deniLd and it is permitteil to grow to manhood, or womanhood without that education which })reparcs it for good living, for the duties^ and responsibilities of citi- Z(:'nshij), and for making an honest living by some infelligcmt, iwel'ul oc cupation, then thoix' is nothing which the individual or society can do, nothing which God or man can do, to make good the loss.—I’. P. Clax- lon, S. Commissioner of Education. UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF EDUCATION LETTER SERIES NO. 68 FIFTEEN SOUTHERN UNIVER SITIES )f the 15 State Universities m the South and Southwest in 1914-15, ten had larger total working incomes than the Univer ity of North Carolina, but only five had larger student bodies. Ranking below North Carolina in total working income were Alabama with $191,- 071; Florida with |140,014; New Mexico with $62,577; and South Carolina with 1124,970; and ranking above us in total enrollment of students were -Kentucky with 1,145; t)klahoma with 1,262; Tenn essee with 988, Texa-s with 2,574; and Virginia with 946. These five states with larger student bodies had also larger working incomes. Virginia, for instance, had a total work ing income of 1560,258; and Texas $602,- 609. Our Small Working Income Our total income in 1914-15 was $220,- 661, and our rank in this particular was 11th. Thirty-four per cent of it was ile- rived from student fees, productive funds, private benefactions and other similar sources, $75,661 all told. The balance, $145,000 came from the State. Our working income per student was |245, and our rank in this particular among the 15 State universities was 12th. That is to say, eleven State universi ties had larger working incomes per stu dent; Georgia 76 per cent larger, IMi.ssis- sippi 101 per cent larger, and Virginia 141 per cent larger. The working income of the University of Arizona was inore than five times that of the University of North Carohna. Among the 25 State universities and A. M. colleges in the South, the rank of our I'niversity in working income perstu- dent was 22ud.—Figures based on a Bul letin of the I'. S. Bureau of Education, No,6, 1916. STATE UNIVERSITIES AND A. ® N. COLLEGES IN THE SOUTH Hanked according to working income per student during the year ending June 30, 1915. Figures based on Bulletin No. 6, 1!U5, of the United States Bureau of Education. Eank Institutions W'orking Income Per Student 1 Arizona State University $1,299 2 .Virginia Polytechnic Institute 709 1 Virginia State University 592 4 , Texas A. & M. College 543 5 Mississippi State University 502 6 New Mexico State Uni''®*'®’*'y 7 Georgia State University 433 8 New Mexico A. & M. CoUege 410 9 Georgia School of Technology 409 10 Florida State University 393 11 Mississippi A. & M. College 390 12 North Carolina A. & M. College 333 13 Arkansas State University 317 14 Alabama Polytechnic Institute 315 Oklahoma A. M. College South Carohna & >1. (College, Clemson Louisiana State University and .A. A M. College Tennessee ."^tate University Kentucky State University Texas College of Imlustrial Arts Alabama State University North Carolina State University South Carolina i^tate University Texas State Univer.sity Oklahoma Stat(! University STATE UNIVERSITIES AND A. ® M. COLLEGES IN THE SOUTH Banked according to students enrolled per faculty member during the year end ing .June 30, 1915. Figures based on Bulletin No. 6, 1916, of Hw' United States Bureau of Education. Rank Institution# Students per 315 302 -’93 287 279 255 253 245 239 234 1S3 OUR CITY SCHOOLS By Way of Summary Tliis .series of letters has dealt wit,h cer- tain aspects of the work of dur city sys tems Occupying, as they do. a stra tegic jiosition in I he .statt', a heavy bur den of responsibility rests on them. Some are meeting the situation adequate ly; oth(‘rs are not. fn order that the situation may anywhere .be adc(|uately met, then^ must he a ]>roper recfignition of the fact that tlie suiie.rintendent is an educational expert. The amount of teach ing that lie does should l)e reduced to a minimum and, wlierever possible, re duced to nothing. He must be free from undue pressure and the usurj)ation of au thority by his b.oard. Tlu; board should on the other band insist that the type of man whom they choose should possess liro])er pri.>fe.“sional knowledge as well a“ good personality. They should then; I low him a large measure of freedom, and should defer to his judgment on all mat ter's which involve expert knowledge. The ,«upe-rintendent sliould be given prop- | er a.ssistance, and should keep his time as free as possible for the planning and exe- ! cuting of the larger policies of tlu school. He should regard keeping up with his profession as indispensable. Our Smaller City Systems ^'Jie situation which h.as been .sketched in the above paragraph already exists in mf)st of the small group of large city systems in the state. But in our city .systems of moderate size it must be said in all frankness that, in too many ca.ses, it does not. With all due realization of the importance of the rural school prob lem, it may nevertheless be a.ssert-d that the state of aftairs in many i.if otu' smaller cities is the most di.scouraging fact in the educational .situation in North Carolina toilay. There is a constant pressure for improvement in the rural schools. In tlie smaller city schools there is far too often—apathy. The Remedy The fault is with the condition, not. the individual. The superintemlent is to blame M’hen he is possessed of inadequate professional knowledge, or when he per mits hiin.self to be unduly subordinated without resigning. The school board is to blame when it usurps the authority that should be in the hands of the super- inteni^ent. The people are to blame when they do not care to infoi-m themselves of the state of affairs in their school system, or wiien they content themselves with the vague idea that the schools could hardly te improved. The remedy can be found only in the slow, steady growth of the sentiment that the supervision of a school system is an expert job, and that, if the school is not in the hands of an expert to wliom power can jiroperly be entrusted, it should be placed in such hands without delay. PER CAPITA COUNTRY WEALTH Contrasted With Crop Production Per Farm WorKer Based on the 1910 Census Faculty Members F. II . DEATON and S. H. DeVAULT 1 Tennessee State University 4.9 - — University of North Carolina. 2 Arizona State University 6.3 Per Crops 3 New Mexico I'niversity 6,8 Per Crops 4 Arkansas State I’niversity 7.4 Capita Produced Capita Produced 4 Oklahoma A. A M. Collegia 7.4 Country Per • Worker - Country Per 6 Virginia Polytechnic Institute 9.0 Wealth Wealth Worker 6 Georgia State University . 9.0 1 Iowa, $3,386 . $ 884 25 Michigan 909 471 Alabama State University 9.1 2 Nebraska 3,259 968 26 Vermont 868 612 9 New Mexico A. & M. College 9.2 3 South Dakota 2,993 1.004 27 Oklahoma 830 383 !) •Oklahoma State University 9,2 4 Illinois 2,628 826 28 Delaware 829 349 11 Florida State University 9.6 5 North Dakota] 2,344 1,378 2!) Texas 821 321 12 Alabama I’olytechnic institute 9.9 6 California 2,139 703 30 New Mexico 606 135 13 Louisiana State Ihiiversity 7 Kansas 2,111 783 31 .Vrizona 602 251 and A. & M. College 10.2 8 Wyoming 2,093 405 32 New Hampshire 595 459 14 Texas A. A; M. College 10.3 -9 Oregon 1,911 582 33 Maine 561 505 15 North Carolina A. A M. College 11.0 10 Rhode Island 1,838 313 34. New .lersey 531 503 16 Kentucky State University 11.7 11 .Montana 1,676 553 35 Pennsylvania 511 476 17 Virginia State University 12.1 12 Colorado 1,652 599 1 36 1 ^Maryland 503 3V7 18 Texas College of Industrial Arts 12.3 13 Minnesota 1,642 692 1 37 Kentucky 500 307 18 North Carolina State University 12.3 14 Idaho 1,551 618 1 38 \'irginia 425 282 |20 South Carolina A. & M. 15 Washington 1,533 781 i 39 Tennessee 380 259 1 1 1 College, Clemson 12.-6 16 Indiana 1,43S 595 ; 40 AVest Virginia 365 252 ; 21 Georgia School of Technology 13.3 17 Connecticut 1,399 479 ; 41 I South Carolina 337 275 1 22 Texas State University 13.4 18 Missouri 1,337 486 ' 42 .\rkansas 334 255 |23 South Carolina State University 14.1 19 Wisconsin 1,295 499 :43 Georgia 325 314 1 24 Mississippi A. ct M. College 14.2 20 Utah 1,258 494 44 North Carolina 322 236 ,25 Mississippi State 1 'niversity 14..3 21 Ohio 1,153 550 i45 Florida 321 298 22 Nevala 1,013 675 46 Mississippi 300 219 PER CAPITA COUNTRY 23 Massachusetts 939 434 47 fx)iusiana 287 ' 228 5 24 New York 921 557 ‘48 Alabama 231 218 WEALTH The table in this issue ranks the states I in the per capita farm wealth of country : populations. Country people and farm properties are^ alone considered — the value of lands, buildings, domestic ani- j mals, and farm machinery. 1 In this particular North Carolina ranks j 44th among the states of the Union. The farmers of only four states rank belovv us —Florida, Mississijjpi. Louisiana, and Alabama. The Richest Farm State in the South Oklahoma country people are worth $830 apiece upon an average, counting men, women and children. The average in North Carolina is only $322. Our per acre crop values in 1909 were more tlian double those of Oklalioma; $22.28 against $10.95. AVhy then are our farmers poorer? For one thing, Oklahoma is a self-feed ing farm state. In the census year she produced bread and meat enough for home consumjition, and had a $20,000,- 000 surplus to market abroad. Oklahoma was the only state in the cotton belt that had standard, staple food crops to sell in the census year. She is both the youngest and the riche.st of our Southern commonwealths. DEBATE OUTLINE Resolved: That North Carolina Should Adopt a State- Wide StocK Law Affirmative Arguments I It is a just law, for it gives to one tlie full possession of his property and saves the expense of protecting cultivated fields. New settlers M'ill not locate where this expense is necessary. II It is a necessary law, for the ])reser- vation of the timber industry. The open range hog eats the pine nuts and roots up the seedlings. In counties having a stock law the long leaf pine forests are being restored. In open range districts thousands of acres are burnt over every year, destroying standing trees, seedlings, and the vegetable matter in the soil. III It is better for the stock raisers, for it makes tick eradication possible; it makes feeding, butchering, and market ing more convenient and economic.al; it raises the value of stock, for stock in ^ stock law counties is worth almost twice j as much as stock in open range counties; I it permits the raising of stock of high ! quality, for breeding can be controlled. I The open range, on the other hand, per mits the uncontrolleei reproduction of scrni) stock. Negative Arguments I The stat«-wide stock law is un- nece.ssary,. for the Code of North -Caro lina provides that when any district or county desires it, an election shall be held, and if a majority of voters favor it, tlie stock law goes into effect. II The stock law will be a handicap on many men who do not own sufficient land for pasturage, for under open range conditions, they can turn their stock out during a great portion of the year, in eastern North Carolina, practically the whole year. III Though it may be granted that better stock is raised under stock law, yet it costs a great deal more than under open range conditions. Cattle and togs raised under open, free ranges are almost clear profit, since they cost their owners very little in care and attention and feed. I sometimes wonder when we shall ap preciate the fact that children are not pocket editions of unabridged adults. AVe must be careful of our associates, even words get color and meaning from their associations.