The aews ia this publica
tion'is released for the press oo
the date indicated below.
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
NEWS LETTER
Published weekly by the
University of North Carolina
for its Bureau ot Extension.
may 31,1916
CHAPEL HILL, N. C.
VOL. II, NO. 27
eaitorial Board! B. C. Branaon, J. a. deR, Hamilton. U R. Wilson, L. A. Williams, B. H. Thorntoa, O. M. MoKie. Entered as seeond-olasa matter November U, 1914, at the.postoffloe at Chapel Hill, N.C., ander the act of August 24,1918.
NORTH CAROLINA CLUB STUDIES
LEHENTARY METHODS
The Summer School is making an earn
est effort to increase the efficiency of the
primary and grammar grade teachers.
V,arious courses are offered for tlie espec
ial benefit of such teachers. Ainong
ithese are courses in primary methods,
Jj^oimar grade methods, reading for the
pjiuary grades, child study in the gram
mar grades, plays and games, and story
Jtelling.
^Jie teacliers of tiie State are afforded
.-opportunity to seek professional improve-
iment under the guidance of specialists in
ithe several aspe(fts of this work. And
kthe theoretical study of the subjects is
■supplemented by observation and actual
p^ctice in the practice school which is
to be oiJerated in connection' with the
Bummer School.
ONMENCEMENT PROGRAM
1915-16
he 121st Commencement of the Uni-
.versity of North Carolina occurs May
28-31.
[Sunday the 28th, Bishop J. H. McCoy
(p^ches the Baccalaureate Sermon at 11
.o’clock, and at 6 o’clock Rev. W. D.
Moss conducts Vesper Services on the
f
campus.
‘Monday the 29th, 9:30 A. M., theSen-
form ill front of Mknorial Hall and
arch to Chapel for prayers; 10:30 A. M.,
uior Class Day Exercises in Gerrard
all, Senior Orations in contest for the
_ aiigum Medal; 5:30 P. M, Anniver-
, 3ary Meetings of the Literary Societies in
respective Halls.
^Tuesday the 30th, 10:30, Alumni Ad-
ress by Dean W. C. Smith of the State
■J^ormal College at Greensboro; 11:00 A.
Jtf., Re-unions by the Classes of 1866,
.1886, 1891, 1896, 1901, 1906, 1911, and
1915; 12:30 P. M., Business Meeting of
le Alumni Association; 1:30 P. M.
lAlumni Luncheon in Swain Hall; 8:00
M., Annual Meeting of the Trustees in
hemistry Hall; 8:30 P. M., Annual De-
ate between the Dialectic and Philan-
iropic Literary Society representatives;
0:00 P. M., Reception in Bynui* Gym-
asium by the President and Faculty.
Wednesday, May 31st, 10:45 A. M.,
cademic Procession forms in front of the
lumni Building^ 11 o’clock, Commence-
ent Address by Wm. G. McAdoo, Sec
tary of the Treasury ol_ the United
tates; after which follow Announce'
ents, the Conferring of Degrees, and
le Benediction.
versity News Letter, Dec. 22, 1915.
Economic Freedom in North Carolina.
—M. B. Fowler, Orange. The State
Journal, Feb. 4, 1916.
Our Twenty-Two Million Idle Acres.
—Lawton Blanton, Cleveland. Univer
sity News Letter, Mar. 1, 1916.
Our Need for Greater Stores of Wealth.
R. E. Price, Rutherford. University News
Letter, Mar. 8, 1916.
The Need for Tax Reforms.—A. O.
Joines, Alleghany. The State Journal,
Mar. 24, 1916.
Elbow-Room for Home-Seekers: Why
We Need More People in North Carolina.
—D. H. Cooper, Rowan. LTniversity
News Letter, April 12, 1916 and Aug. 4,
1915.
Advertising North Carolina: A State
PubUcity Bureau.—R. E. Price, Ruther
ford. Greensboro Daily News, Mar. 23,
1916.
School Fairs, Community and County
Fairs, the State Fair.—M. H. Randolph,
Mecklenburg. '
What the Railroads are Doing to Ad
vertise North Carolina.—W. E. Mat
thews, Sampson.
Our Carolina Highlanders: (1) Geo
graphic Conditions and Influences, D. N.
Edwards, Wilkes, (2) Economic Status
Wealth, Agriculture arid Industries, (!.
C. Miller, Watauga, and (3) Social Sta-
us—Classes, Conditions, and Attitudes,
B. Huff, Madison.
XPLORING NORTH CAROLINA
The North Carolina Club believes that
ntimate, familiar acquaintance with the
other-state is a fit preparation for com-
"tent citizenship and effective social ser-
ice.
The studies of the Club during the year
lave concerned the Resources and Op-
ortunities of North Carolina. They have
~en leased on the latest authoritative in
ormation, and brief summaries of resqlts
ave appeared in print as indicated:
The Mineral Resources of North Caro-
—J. H. Allred, Surry County, Uni-
ersity News Letter, Oct. 13, 1915.
'Our Timber Wealth and Wood-Work-
Jg Industries.—J. H. Lassiter, North
ampton. University News Letter, Oct.
13, 1915.
Our Water Powers; Available and De-
weloped*—D. E. Eagle, Iredell. Univer-
•sity News Letter, Nov. 10, 1915.
Our Industrial Enterprises. — H. M.
ffimith, Henderson. University News Let-
iter, OcJ. 27, 1915.
Our Soils and Seasons: Their Variety
:and Adaptability.—M. H. Randolph,
Mecklenburg. University News Letter,
'Oct. 27T 1915.
Our Diversity of Farm Products. R.
E. Price, Rutherford. University News
Letter, Nov. 10, 1915.
Productive Power of Carolina Farms;
Total and Per Acre Yields.—J- B. Huff,
Madison. University News Letter, Nov.
24, 1915.
Productive Power of Carolina Farmers.
—F. H. Deaton, Iredell. University
News Letter, Nov. 24, 1915; Mar. 22, 29,
April 5, 12, 17; May 3, 10, 1916.
Livestock Farming in North Carolina.
—D. N. Edwards, Wilkes. University
3Jews Letter, Dec. 8, 1915.
Farm Co-operation in North Carolina,
■li. P. Gwaltney, Jr., Alexander. Uni-
LOCAL MARKET PROBLEMS
North Carolina needs local markets for
home-raised food and feed supplies. Our
farmers wiU raise food and forage crops
in adequate abundance (1) if permitted
or encouraged or required to do so by
landlords, supply-merchants and bank
ers, as in Texas, and (2) if they can turn
such products into ready cash at a fair
price and profit in , the nearby town or
city. And not otherwise.
At present our bill for imported food
aid feed stuff’s is around eighty million
dollars a year; not for extras, dainties
and luxuries, but for standard. Staple
food supplies for man and beast. The ex
hibit by counties in. the census year was
made by Mr. G. W. Bradshaw, in the
University News Letter, Apr. 14, 1915.
When eighty million dollars in ready
cash slips through our fingers year by
year in North Carolina our accumulation
of country wealth will be slow and the
totals saved will be small. Here in large
part is an explanation of the small per
capita wealth in farm properties in North
Carolina and the South.
Phases of the Problem
The study of Local Market Problems
covers the following details: (1) Food and
Feed Supplies needed, (2) Food and Feed
Supplies raised, (3) Gross Shortage or
Surplus, (4) Details of Shortage, (5) The
Farmer’s End of the Problem, (6) The
City’s Self-Defensive Interest, (7) Solv
ing tlie Problem, (a) Market Facilities
Conveniences, and Arrangements, (b)
What the Banks can do, (c) A Problem
in Cooperation.
Eight Local MarKet Studies
Studies of the Market Situation hav
been made for eight counties as follows
Wake and Raleigh, by Messrs. A. B
Harper, H. E. AVood, A. V. Anderson
andJ. K. Holloway; Mecklenburg and
Charlotte, by Messrs. F. B. McCall, F
0. Clarkson, and P. F. McKane; New
Hanover and Wilmington, by J- W. Per-
dew; Wayne, by J. P. Shrago; Jackson
by W. E. Bird; Lincoln, by L. L. Lohr
Granville, by J. R- Weaver; and North
ampton, by J. R. Lassiter.
UNIVERSITY HOME-COUNTY
STUDIES
During the two years just closing, con
centrated attention has been given to the
economic and social status of 46 counties
in North Carolina. These studies have
involved, (1) the’ census volumes, (2)
the reports of state and county officiali
(3) correspondence, (4) the county news
papers, and (5) direct field investigations
The outlines cover: I. Resources, (1)
Minerals, (2) Timbers, (3) Water-Pow
ers (4) Industries and Opportunities
II Facts about (1) The Folks, (2) The
Wealth and Taxation, (4)
Schools, (3) „
Farm Conditions, (5) Farm Practices
Food and Feed Production, (7) The Lo-
THE UNSURPASSED SOUTH
Dr. Seaman A. Knapp
The South was designed by nature
to be the seat of great activities along
broad lines, with a dense population
rich in all material things—well housed
masses, broadly educated, independ
ent, and progressive.
Her natural resources are delightful
climate, fertile soils, a satisfactory
rain-fall, a large number of navigable
rivers, an abundant supply of valuable
timber for construction purposes, an
inexhaustible wealth of minerals, a
marvelous topography, wonderful val
leys, fertile hills, and picturesque
mountains.
These are essential factors in the
making of a mighty civilization. No
equal area upon the globe surpasses
the South in these natural resources.
UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
LETTER SERIES NO. 76
cal Market Problem, (8) Where the
County Leads, (9) Where the County
Lags, and (lO)The Way Out.
The home papers ha\ e published some
of these studies in full; in Mecklenburg,
for instance, and Union, Sampson, John
son, Caldwell, and others. The Chatham
County Study appeared in the University
News Letter, Aug. 8, 1915. Usually, du
plicate manuscripts are on file at the Uni
versity and can be loaned to interested
students in these various counties.*
Forty-six County Surveys
The full Mst to date is: Alexander coun
ty by Harry Miller; Alleghany, A. O.
Joines; Bertie, W. J. Capehart; Bun
combe, H. S. Clark; Caldwell, E. L.
Spencer; Catawba, F. H. Deaton; Chat
ham, Dr. Lilian W. Johnson; Chowan,
S. H. DeVault; Cleveland, Lawton Blan
ton; Columbus, S. H. DeVault; Cumber
land, S. H. DeVault; Davidson, R. S.
Yarborough; Duplin, F. C. Wilkins;
Forsyth, J. T. Day and W. Wright;
Granville, B. S. Royster; Guilford, Miss
B. H. Hackney; Halifax, 0. R. Daniel;
Henderson, H. M. Smith; Iredell, F. H.
Deaton; Jackson, J. 0. Wood; Johnson,
L. W. Johnson; Lenoir, E. J. Perry and
R. T. Allen; Lincoln, J. F. Love; M^on
J. C. Bernard;.Martin, S. H. DeVaulF;
Mecklenburg, H. G. Harper, Jr.; Mont
gomery, KJ^Page; N^h, A. T. Thorpe;
New Hanover, J. W. Perdew; Northamp
ton, J. H. Lassiter; Orange, Miss Sudie
McCauley, Messrs. E. G. Hogan and F.
W. Davis; Pamlico, R. B. Spencer; Pas
quotank and Perquimans, S. H. De-
Vault; Person, Misses Bradsher and
Johnson; Richmond, S. H. DeVault;
Rockingham, T. D. Stokes; Rutherford,
R. E. Price; Sampson, S H. Hobbs;
Union, Mrs. J. T. Yeargin and S. H.
DeVault; Wake, W. I. ProctorandS. H.
DeVault; Warren, E. G. Joyner; Wa
tauga, C. C. Miller and S. H. DeVault;
Wayne, J. P. Shrago and G. C. I^oyall;
Wilkes, D. N. Edwards; Yadkin, P. B.
Eaton.
Similar economic and social summaries
will be made of other counties as rapidly
as University students from these coun
ties develop a particular interest in their
home communities, or whenever pubhc
spirited citizens call on us for such coun
ty surveys.
THE NEW EDUCATION
Because our fathers used candle ,dips
and pitch pine knots shall we refuse to
wire our houses for electricity or to carry
an electric flash light to light our way on
a dark night? Changed conditions bring
changed means and methods, but change
does not always mean destruction and
disintegration.
More Education
Our business men and our great indus
trial leaders are now demanding that
their employees must have a minimun of
education, and that minimum is usually
the equivalent of graduation from a high
school. They have come to see that in
the manufacture of their products there
must be brains and brain-power. One of
our great manufacturing plants to-day
refuses to hire any young man or woman
w'lio has not completed a good high school
course. Many of our large department
stores in the cities actually conduct a
school within the walls of their stores for
the further education of their salespeople
and other employees. The boys and
girls of to-day need more education than
the children of 25 years ago did to give
them even an equal chance with their
parents,
Different Education
That education, too, must be of a dif
ferent sort. A knowledge derived from
books was proper 'and right under former
conditions, when every home was an in
dustrial center. But industry has moved
out of the home and is centtred in towns
and villages. The farm is no longer at
tractive, for only the drudgery of the
farm life has remained w-hile the interests
arising from producing, tor one’s own
self have been taken from the boys and
the girls on the farms.
What It Must Be
We must have an education that will
stimulate the country boys and girls to a
personal interest in stocks and crops,
that will teach them the joy of producing
and preserving as w'ell as bettering their
(6)
UNIVERSITY HOME-STATE
STUDIES
Research work upon economic and so
cial problems by students at the Univer
sity has covered 59 subjects during the
year just closing.
In general the order of attack upon
these problems has been (1) North Caro
lina ranked among the states of the Union,
(2) the Rank of North Carolina counties,
(3) Mapping or Charting results, (4) In
terpretative Study of Conditions, Causes
Consequences, and Remedies.
Social Problems
. The following subjects have been cov
ered in the year’s work, and briefly sum
marized in print as indicated.
The Country Church in North Caro
lina ; Country Churches in Durham Coun
ty; Rural Wealth and Willingness.—
Rev. J. M. Arnette, Alamance County.
Negro Churches and Sunday Schools
in Orange County.—Rev. Walter Patten,
Orange.
The Insane in Hospitals.—V. W. Mc
Ghee, Buncombe.
product. Of course this will mean many
readjustments in school life and in meth
ods of teaching. It will mean more
teachers, longer terms and different
studies. The' emphasis will not be on
books and book learning but on things
and learning about things.
The Trouble
Here is where the teacher and the
superintendent get into trouble. Some of
the school patrons whose courage is great
er than their common sense will come
out with a howl against the “fads and
frills,” demanding a return to “funda
mentals”. These perfectly sincere and
very earnest calamity-howlers will de
clare with great force and almost with
venom that the schools and everything
related to education are now going to the
“demnition bow-wows”, and all because
the arithmetic lessons and the spelling
lessons are taken from a child’s interest
in an acre of corn, or a tenth of an acre
of tomatoes, or a flock of chickens, or
the making of a shirtwaist, instead of
being taken from a book written by a
college professor who never taught a
child one day in his hfe.
Two Questions
Let’s look this question of so-called
“fundamentals” squarely in the face.
Did man, in the history of the race, learn
first to read, to write and do sums, or
did he first learn to raise crops and ani
mals, cook food and make his clothing?
Which is fundamental then, the three
R’s or the earning of^a living and the
making of a home?
By all means let us get back to funda
mentals! But let us get back to real
fundamentals and not stop half-way
there. Let us see to it that our boys and
girls are given as good a chance to make
a successful life in their present conditions
as we had to make a successful life in our
past conditions of living. From the
point of view of history the three R’s are
“fads and frills”, the playthings for an
idle hour. The real fundamentals are
home-making and house-keeping. By
all means let’s get back to fundamentals
in our school!
Improved Public Roads in Nortli Caro-
hna, 1914, V. W. McGhee, Bunbombe,
and R. S. Yarborough, Davidson.
Charities and Corrections in North
Carolina.—M. E. Robeson, Wayne.
Delinquent Counties in North Carolina.
—Seddon Goode, Jr., Montgomery.
Homicides in the Registration Area.—
J. H. Lassiter, Northampton. University
News Letter, Nov. 3, and Dec. 8, 1915.
Blindness in the United States and in
North Carolina.—Seddon Goode, Jr.,
Montgomery.
Suicide Rates in the United States and
North Carolina.—Carlyle Morris, Wayne.
Southern Universities and A. & M.
Colleges Ranked according to Working
Income per Student, University News
Letter, Apr. 5, 1916.
Child Labor in North Carolina.—J. C.
Reed, Davidson, and S. H. DeVault,
Tennessee.
Women in North Carolina Industries.
—S. B. Tanner, Mecklenburg.
Rural Illiteracy in the United States.
University News Letter, May 10, 1916.
Farm Tenancy.—J. A. Hardison, An
son.
White Public School Property: Per
Capita Investment.—W. B. Cobb,
Wayne. University News Letter, May
24, 1916.
Local School Support in North
lin^.—V. W. McGhee, Buncombe,
versity News Letter, Feb. 16, 1916.
Economic Studies
Cash and Time-Credit Prices in North
Carolina.—E. B. Borden, Wayne.
Farm Loans and Total Average Inter
est Rates in North Carolina.—J. C. Har
per, Caldwell, and A. 0. Joines, Alle
ghany,
Tax Rates, State and County, 1913 and
1914.—A. 0. Joines, Alleghany.
Savings Deposits in the United States
and in North Carolina.—J. K. Holloway,
Wake, and C. C. Miller, Watauga.
University News Letter, May 17, 1916.
Production of Crop Wealth per Work
er in North Carolina, by Counties in 1910.
—0. L. Goforth, Durham.
The Municipal Abattoir.—J. C. Har
per, Jr., Mecklenburg.
I Postal Sa\-ings in the United States and
Caro-
Uni-
in North Carolina.—E. G. Joyner, War
ren.
Five-Year Progress in Caldwell County
Schools.—J. A. Kent, Caldwwell.
Banking Facilities in the United States
and in North Carolina.—M. H. Ran
dolph, Mecklenburg. University News
Letter, June 7, 1916.
Industries in North Carolina in 1915.
—E. L. Spencer, Caldwell.
U.S. Patents Issued in 1914: States
ranked accordingly. University News
Letter, Sept. 15, 1915.
Land Values in North Carolina: Ten-
Y'ear Increases.—W. R. Tingle, Pamlico.
University News Letter, Sept. 29, 1915.
Pork Production Per Capita.—M. H.
Randolph, Mecklenburg. University
News Letter, Nov. 24, 1915.
Corn Production in the South, 1915.
University News Letter, Dec. 22, 1915.
Cost of County GovernmentSi—6. H.
DeVault. University News Letter. Jan.
19 and 26, 1916,
Automobiles in North Carolina.—C. C.
Miller, Watauga. University News Let
ter, Mar. 1 and 15, 1916.
Wealth: Per Capita, by States 1912.—
S. H. DeVault. University News Letter,
Mar. 22, 1916.
Crop Wealth Produced per Farm
Worker 1910.—F. H. Deaton and 8. H.
DeVault, University News Letter, Mar.
29, 1916.
Country Wealth, Per Capita, 1910.—
Messrs. Deaton and DeVault. Universi
ty News Letter, April 5, 1916.
Farm Incomes: Per Cent from Live
stock. University News Letter, Apr. 12,
1916.
Livestock Products Per Farm Worker,
1910.—DeVault. University News Letter
Apr. 19, 1916.
Farm Wealth Produced Per Farm
Worker, covering both Crops and Live
stock Products in 1910.—DeV’ault. Uni
versity News Letter, May 3, 1916.
Imported Food and Feed in South Car
olina and Darlington County.—W. R.
Watson, Darlington.
Farm Owners: Ten-Year Increases in
Maryland.—B. F. Auld, Maryland.
Farm Loans and Total Average Inter
est Rates in Virginia.—H. H. Huff, Vir
ginia.
Negro Farm Owners: Ten-Year In
creases in Virginia.—H. H. Huff, Vir
ginia.
Farm Loans and Total Average Inter
est Rates in South Carolina.—F. E. Hea-
dricks, South Carolina.