North Carolina Newspapers

. (; T' o T I 1 The news in this publica tion is released for the press on receipt. THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA NEWS LETTER Published weekly by the University of North Carolina for its Bureau of Extension. OCTOBER 9, 1918 CHAPEL HHJL, N. C. VOL. IV, NO. 46 Ediiorial Board i B. C. Branson, J. G. deR. Hamilton, L. B. Wilson, R. H. Thornton, G. M. McKie. Entered as second-class matter November U, 1914, at the Postofflce at Chapel HIU, N, C., under the act of August 24,1912. A YEAR OF CAROLINA STUDIES CAROLINA COUNTY STUDIES The students at the University of North'Carolina who heretofore have done most of the work upon the econo mic and social problems of the state have been upper-class men—Juniors, Seniors, and graduate students for the most part. When the United States entered the war in April 1917, these students went to the colors—two-thirds of them be fore Commencement day in June. Only a devoted small remnant was left to j by'counties'—wr£'po3xter,‘For- concentrate upon the Carolina studies gy^b County. n v.i 4. j j I North Carolina in the War.—M. What they have been able to do dur- Robbins, Edgecombe County, ms: that year appears m the summaij 9. Cotton Production in N. C., 1909- that follows. Everything considered,! i9i7._Ed Warrick, Yancey County. 10. High School Expenditures ^per of the Kingdom.—Rev. J. M. Arnette, Stanly County. *' 3. Birth and Death Eates in N. C.— Larry M. James, Pitt County. 4. University Expenditures per Student.—Miss Sarah Lee Brock, Ons low County. 5. Share of State Universities in State School Funds.—Miss Sarah Lee Brock, Onslow County. 6. Cooperative Credit Uniorte in N. C.—J. S. Ficklen, Pitt County. 7. Livestock Distribution in N. C. it is a creditable year’s work. 1. COLUMBUS COUNTY: (1) Brief History, (2) Natural Eesources and Opportunities, (3 ) Seven-year Gains in Eural Schools.—Miss Leila Harper. 2. CUMBEELAND COUNTY: (1) How Cumberland ranked in the Census Year, (2) Seven-year Gains in White Rural Schools.—A. J. Pemberton. 3. DUEHAM COUNTY: (1) His torical Background, (2) Natural Ee sources, (3) Facts About the Folks, (4) Wealth and Taxation, (5) Indus tries and Opportunities, (6) Farm Conditions, (7) Farm Practices, (8) .Status of our Eural Schools, (9) Seven-year Gains in Eural Schools, (10) Durham and Winston City Schools in Contrast, (11) Other Insti tutions of Learning, (12) Home-raised Food and the Local Market Problem, (13) Where we Lag and Where we Lead, (14) Our Problems and their Solution. In print 93 pp.—W. M. Up church and Marion B. Fowler. 4. EDGECOMBE COUNTY: (1) Wealth and Taxation, (2) Facts about the Folks, (3) Farm Conditions and Practices, (4) Food and Feed Produc tion.—B. H. Thomas. 5. FEANKLIN COUNTY: (1) Brief History, (2) How Franklin Eanked in the Census Year,(3) Home-raised Food and the Local Market Problem.—J. C. Peel. 6. GASTON COUNTY: Economic and Social, 13 chapters, 97 pages.—S. H. Hobbs, Jr. Almost ready for the printers. 7. GUILFOED COUNTY: (1) Brief History, (2) Greensboro and High Point, (3) Natural Eesources, (4) Guilford County Highways, (5) Industries and Opportunities, (6) Facts about the Folks, (7) Guilford County Sunday School Association, (8) Seven-year Gains in Eural Public Schools, (9) Guilford County Colleges, (10) Wealth and Taxation, (11) Farm Conditions and Practices, (12) Food Production and the Local Market Problem, (13) Where Guilford Leads and where she Lags, (14) The Way Out.—Messrs. W. M. York, David Harris, E. D. Williams and E. B. Ben- cini. The Mss. is now being edited for the printers by Misses Bettie A. Land, County School Supervisor, .and Ida E. Minis of-Guilford College. 8. HALIFAX COUNTY: (1) Facts about the Folks, (2) Wealth and '^xa- tion, (3) Farm Conditions and Prac-- tices, (4) Home-raised Food and Local Market Problem.—/-i\ 9 MONTGOMEEY COUNTY: (1) Brief History, (2) How Montgomery Eanked in the Census Year in Popula tion, Industries, Schools, Wealth and Taxation, Farm Conditions and Prac tices, Food and Feed Production.— Elsa Shamburger. n ^ 10. NASH COUNTY: (1) Brief History, (2) Status of Nash pounty Schools, (3) Seven-year Gams m Eural Schools.—T. E. Jolly. 11 PENDEE COUNTY: Economic and Social. 10 chapters, 98 pages, m TVIss T. C. Wilkins. „ , . 12 PITT COUNTY: (1) Punk in the (iensus Year, (2) tries and Opportunities, . • and Taxation, (4), Seven-year Gams m Eural Schools, 5)^Farm Conditions and Practices, (6) .Tobacco Culture m Pitt, (7) Home-i;aised Food and th Local Market be Years Ago and Now,^(9)^Things an^their 'solution.—^ F. 13. EOCKINGHAM . COUN1 Economic and Social.—Messrs W. . Price, T. D. Stokes, L. B. Gwynn, E. F. Duncan a H S^ni Student 1915-16.—L. L. Spann, Cald well County. 11. Taxable Wealth by EaCes in N. C., in 1916.—T. D. Stokes, Eockingham County. 12. County Government and County affairs in North Carolina.—The N. C. Club in fortnightly meetings. OTHER STATE STUDIES 1. South Carolina; Adult White Illiteracy.— H. D. Burgess, Greenville, S. C. 2. Ohio Building and Loan Associa tion Loans to Farmers with Eeference to a Similar Plan in N. C.—H. M. Hop kins, Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio. 3. Texas: Bills for Imported Food and Feed Supplies, by Counties in 1910.—Miss M. E. Morris, Malta, Texas. 4. Virginia: Bills for Imported Food and Feed Supplies by Counties in 1910.—H. H. Huff, Soudan, Va. 6. Virginia: Non-Church Member ship Eatios by Counties in 1906.—H. H. Huff, Soudan, Va. 6. Virginia: Illiteracy, both Eaces by Counties.—H. H. Huff, Soudan, Va. THE ONLY PEACE POSSIBLE Before the Central Powers can have any peace discussions with the Entente powers and America they must accept the 14 principles long ago announced by President Wilsoci No secret treaties. Freedom of the seas, except to suppress predatory iMrtions that fail to respect international covenants. The removal of all trade barriers. Eeduction of armaments. Adjustment of colonial claims with reference to the wishes of the governed population. The evacuation of Eussian terri tory and abandonment of economic control therein. Independence of Belgium with in demnification. Eestoration of Alsace-Lorraine. Eeadjustment of Italy’s frontiers. Autonomous government for the different nationalities of Austria- Hungary. Evacuation of Eumania, Serbia and Montenegro. Eelinquishment of Turkish con trol of non-Turkish populations. An independent Polish state. A League of Nations to guaran tee political independence and terri torial integrity to g-reat and small states alike. In the senate today Senator Lodge of Massachusetts, Eepublican fioor leader and the ranking minor ity member of the Foreign Eela- tions Committee, voiced the feel ings of Congress on the subject in a prepared speech, heartily approv ing the President’s course a.s both wise and right. The United States, the Senator said, can talk peace only to a Germany beaten and de prived of power further to harm a wronged world.—N. Y. Times. mid*iN?X’Womack. Buiietin m print, 12 chapters, 84 page^ rnTT'MTY- 14. RUTHERFOED COUNTY • Economie and Social. R- Bulletin in print, 10 chapters, 76 page . Va-KE COUNTY^ ir.n.omic Economic G. B. Lay, J. E. ■pearson, W. D. Stephenson, p Cunningham, T. C. Maxwell Harrison. and Social.—Messr^. vj. ^ STUDY OF STATE PROBLEMS Motor Cars and Schools in 1^- 0. CAROLINA STUDIES IN PRINT During the year 1917-18, the follow ing studies in the department of Eural Economics and Sociology at the Uni versity of North Carolina have gone to the public in printed form. They are free to North Carolinians who write for them. To others they will be mailed at the prices named. 1. Wealth and Welfare in North Carolina: the 1916-17 Year Book of the North Carolina Club. 140 pp. 25 cents. 2. Local Study Clubs: Essays at Citizenship. 70 pp. 20 cents. Con tents; Local Study Clubs—The Vital Study of a County—Vitalizing School Activities—Home-State Studies at the University—Club Studies in County Government—A Local Tax List Study —Our Fee and Salary Systems—The Schools and the Nation at War. 3. (lounty Government and County Affairs. University Extension Circu lar No. 3, 4 pp. 5 cents. 4. Outline Studies of the Southern Country Church. University Extension Circular No. 4, 4 pp. 5 cents. 5. Public Welfare Work in North Carolina: County Eesponsibility. Uni versity of N. C. News Letter, Vol. IV, No. 40, 5 cents. 6. The Country-life Problem in the South. University of N. C. News Let ter, Vol. IV, 32, 5 cents 7. Durham County: Economic and Social. 92 pp, 25 cents. 8. Eockingham County: Economic and Social. 84 pp, 20 cents. 9. Eutherford County: Economic and Social, 77 pp, 20 cents. 10. Wake County: Economic and Social. 67 pp, 20 cents. 11. The University News Letter, weekly, 50 numbers, 25 cents a year. THE WAR ETERNAL Two great forces there are on earth. In their political form we call them democracy and autocracy. In their spiritual form we call them right and wrong. They are deadly foes. Between them there can never be peace. Each by the essence of its nature seeks to de stroy the other. The presence of one is intolerable to the other. They are as opposite as Heaven and Hell. There are times -^hen the age long combat twixt these two seems to cease. Men slumber and talk in their sleep as if the eternal battle between evil and good had been settled, as if some protocol had smoothed out the differ ence between righteousness and wick edness and there was therefore to bt no more war. When lo, evil lifts its head and by its acts betrays its nature lid the spirit of righfcalls to the sons of men They arise anew to the battle end the old, old contest begins again. Out of the dust of the present strife this same old terrible conflict reveals the Central Powers, so much as evil enthroned among them using them for its p.iriotes, posse8."ing them as devils are said to have done mankind of old. It does not alter this that there are those to whom this devil may seem an angel of light. “By their fruits ye shall know them” and that fruitage from the beginning of the war till now has been evil and again evil and yet again. Official lying, official cruelty, official lust, these revealing things cannot be concealed. The picture is known and read of all men. Against this evil men of all conti nents stand together, men of all re ligions are united, men of all colors, all races and all languages make com mon cause. A most hopeful sign is that for tha first time Mohammedan and Hindu, Confucian and Hebrew, Chris tian and Pagans, men of all faiths and of no faiths have forgotten their dif ferences and are dying side by side in opposing that which instinctively, but rightly, they know to be evil, seeking to control the world. Against this they and we together offer ourselves, our goods, our children, our lives and sacred honor in resistence. We deny that might makes right, that national falsehood is ever toler able, that cruelty and lust are normal to a Christian people. We deny that there i.s a German God or, if there be, that he is such as we worship. We-have put our hands to the plow. These evil things we hate. We hate no country, we hate no people. Nay, to our enemies themselves we wish no cruelty done, but the things which have been wrought are hideous and hateful and we shall not withdraw our hands till they are destroyed.—W. C. Eedfield, Secretary of Commerce. THE WARNING OF HISTORY The Church Seminaries of America, nearly 200 in number, are down and out for lack of students, or most of them. The fledgling clerics have gone to war. A great record! Delegates from these institutions met at Harvard in mid-August to con-' sider this pressing problem. The General War-Time Commission of the Churches proposes that the Sem inaries provide instruction for their men in the camps and at the front, thus enahjing them to continue their studie/of theology in unoccupied hours without any great loss of time. What else is there for our theolog ical faculties to do, if they want themselves to learn the largest lessons this war has to offer them ? It will he better than twiddling their thumbs in empty classrooms. Two Perilous Issues This war lays a large task upon the churches. As President Lowell said to the Cambridge assembly: Every great war gives rise to se rious moral and religious conditions. Alon.; with that spiritual exaltation which appears in so many letters from the Front, and which promises so much for the future, there will be inevitable counterbalancing difficulties. This is the warning of history, which reminds us that the Napoleonic wars were fol lowed by an ambition to get rich, one of whose ugly manifestations was the factory system, and that our Civil War, which brought fomard so many men who were willing to die for their country, brought forward also a dis couraging number of men who propos ed to make as much out of their coun try as they could, and who went intc politics for that purpose. This present war will have two perilous conse quences. It will he followed by a period of material occupation, in which the pec- ple of all the belligerent lands will em ploy their energies chiefly in building up that which has been broken down: and by a period of emotional reaction, a descent from the heights of out moral enthusiasm, in which our swep* and garnished chamber may be invad ed by seven devils worse than the first. These are consequences which must be met by the endeavors of religion. They are moral and spiritual evils which need moral and spiritual rerne- dies. These remedies must be prescrib ed in the classrooms of our tlieological schools, and administered by the men who have been thus instructed.—The Literary Digest. C B^^Lan^s McDowell County. the ~£- The Country Church the Kernel not tself trour thought. We fight not the people called the Geman people, even the political entities known as FINDING HER SOUL Not yet has America found her soul, but she is trembling on the verge. Everywhere the signs of it are appar ent. In a hundred individual cases, mv own included, I have discovered the evidences of spiritual growth. I find it in the larger tolerance we accord the shortcomings of others, and in the frank desire we experience to overcome our own; in the greater kind ness, svmpathy, compassion we extend to those in need; in the courage of sacrifice for the common good; in the putting aside of self to forward our country’s righteous cause; in our rev erence of th© Flag whose stars are heaven-bom in the high hopes they symbolize; in short, in a sincere unity of endeavor, founded in fraternal con cord, to advance to loftier planes of living than we have ever known before For at least this much we have William of Germany to thank. He has shown us the horror of satanic domin ion, and we have recoiled from it to ward the Kingdom of God. Desecration has impelled us toward consecration. And when at last, as a people, we are purified of the dross of long years of fattened ease, and the trae gold of the spirit of Christ finds full reflection in us, then will America have made th' supreme discovery—will have found her Soul.—Thomas Addison, of the Vigilantes. BOLSHEVISM The bottomless pit into which Bol shevism has plunged Eussia is graphi cally described in a recent issue of the New York.Times by James^Keeley who formerly owned the Chicago Herald, and who has been investigating condi tions in Europe of late for the Com mittee of Public Information in Wash ington. What Bolshevism has done for Eus sia it would do for America if ever it gathered any nation-wide headway of steam. The courts have just laid a heavy hand on our Bolsheviks, tne I. W. W’s, and sent their leader and a hundred of his right-hand men to the Federal prisons on long-term senten- CCS* Bolshevism, by the way, is no* so cialism. It is the opposite pole of socialism. It is individualism—rank, raw and raucous, lawless and destruc tive. And it is time that we _ were looking the results of it full in the face. The unrestrained right of either la bor or capital to do as it pleases is mobocracy not democracy. Eich or poor, the person who lives for self alone is a mobocrat not a democrat. The New Day that President Wilson sees ahead for us in America means a new kind of democracy, and the mass mind ought to get busy with all the perplexing, practical puzzles of it—the sooner the better. Neither capital nor labor can be left to do as it pleases, with or without law. Each has rights that the other must respect and both must hold the common good as supreme over all. Plato’s paradox—the reconciliation of opposites—is the perplexing problem of the new democracy. Unregenerate human nature has never yet been equal to this final civic task in any land or Country. The mind of Demos must be the mind of the Master of Men, quite as George Ber nard Shaw has at last come to see. The new democracy is therefore a task for the church as well the state. If the church fail in the new era, then humanity faces self-imposed destruction, for wars will never cease in the earth so long as the problem of economic justice remains unsolved. The law of Christian love must become the law of the land; for righteousness alone exalteth a people. And it must be righteousness personal, economic, social, and civic. We must keep clear ly in mind these multifoi-m phases of righteousness _ or against war in vain. Mobocracy in Russia European Eussia, this coming win ter, will—yes, must be—the world’s most awful graveyard, says Mr. Kee- ley. Famine isn’t a possibility. It is a certainty, today an actuality. Pestil ence is reaping the first crop of a gigantic harvest. According to my in formation, from a quarter to one-third of the inhabitants must die before next ^summer. There is neither work nor food to support the population, and to day the working people are simply predestined victims of hunger and disease. Productive labor has been annihilated, and no nation can live without it. All financial system has vanished. Debts have been repudiated, banks abolished, and the gold reserve of the nation largely stolen. The printing- press is the monetary right arm of the Bolshevik Goveimment. Eailroad and inland water travel al most is a thing of the past. Fuel is the crux of this situation. The available supply has disappeared. The unburn ed oil-fields are not working, and the Bolshevik mind, conceiving the idea that the plutocrats could not create wealth without coal, flooded the mines. Administrative staffs of railroads also were creatures of the money devil, so they were dismissed. As a result, roll ing stock and tracks are rapidly going to pot. Some few railroads are oper ating, but as private concerns in the hands of enterprising bandits. Manufacturing is at a standstill, nine-tenths of the factories having been shut down. Many are heaps of ruins betause they were the property of the ‘criminal bourgeois.’ Only twenty per cent of the tillable lands of European Eussia were put in to crops this year. Commerce, even from the standpoint of 1917, does not exist. All the big firms have suspended because of the lack of coal, the impossihility of get ting raw material, and because their factories have been destroyed. Eetail dealers have vanished for the simple reason that their stocks were confis cated, and they can not get any more. Such commerc# as exists is in the hands of acquisitive soldiers who have stolen goods and army transport- trufeks. These peripatetic merchants travel the land, buying at forced sales or stealing when the latter seems more desirable. LOWERING THE DEATH RATE A record health rate has been estab lished by the American armies. For the week ended July 26 the com bined reports of the American Expedi tionary Forces and troops stationed in the United States show an annual death 'rate from disease of 1.9 per thousand. The rate for men of mili tary age in civil life is 6.7. This new rate, said General Gorgas, is based on an approximate strength of 2,500,000 men, and includes men liv ing under abnonnal conditions. The overseas record was made while Amer ican soldiers were participating in the heavy fighting in the Mame salient, when they were frequently compelled to sleep and eat under the most primi tive conditions. That this record is truly represent ative of the general health of the troops is shown by the combined re ports which indicate 2.8 per thousand as the average death rate from disease during the last two months. During the Mexican war the annual death rate for disease was 110 per 1,000. In our Civil War the rate in 1862 was 40 per 1,000; in 1863 it was 60 per 1,000. The rate for the Span- ish-American war was 26 per 1,000. The lowest figure heretofore recorded was 20 per 1,000 during the Eusso- Japanese war. For every soldier slain by bullets seven were slain by disease in the Mexican war and five in the Spanish- American war. In the war between the States the deaths by disease were nearly double the deaths by battle. In thexpresent war, the death rate among American soldiers by disease has been lowered to the death rate by battTe—for the first time in the history of the world. Indeed the combined disease and bat tle death rate in the Arrfiy is barely more than the death rate in Civil life in the United States. ■^ich means that our boys are al most as safe in the army as they are at home—for all the risks of battle. we shall war FREEDOM DRAWS SWORD This is a sad business we are in, but that was a sad business in 1776. That was for the establishment of freedom; this is for the preservation of freedom. If we are worthy of the freedom our fathers won, we will not flinch from sacrifice to preserve it for our children. If they had failed through weakness of purpose or Cowardice or hesitation, we would blush to remember them; if we fail through irresolution or by per mitting sinister influences to divide and confuse us, the struggling democ racies of the world and our own pos terity will curse us.—Clarence Ousley, Assistant Secretary of Agriculture.