m
The news in this publica
tion is released lor the press on
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THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
NEWS LETTER
Published weekly by the
University of North Carolina
for its Bureau of Extension.
JUNE 25,1919
CHAPEL HELL, N. C.
VOL. V, NO. 31
BJUorial Baiard i B. 0. Branson, J. G, deK. Hamilton, L. B. Wilson, D. D. Carroll, G. M. McKie.
Entered as second-class matter November 14,1914, at the Postoffiee at Chapel Hill, N, C., under the act of August 24,1912.
A NEW COiLEGE OUTLOOK
SCHOOLING IN REALITIES
Kducatioa cannot be applied to one’s
scalp like a shampoo; it is an incidental
benefit obtained in the course of an
earnest effort to get something that one
wants. In this sense all real learning is
learning by experience, a storing up for
future use of ideas, methods, and habits
acquired in successful action. The proper
educational bait is a live and appetizing
problem. And it must be a reasonably
specific problem, so that the solution
may be recognized and acknowledged
when it comes. The proper sequel and
corrective check to effort is success or
failure, felt to be such by the mind that
makes the effort. It follows that the key
to a humane and liberal education lies iu
a keen realization of the great soul-stir
ring problems.
A New OutlooK
Here, then, is a new outlook and op
portunity for American colleges; to con
firm and to exploit current public in
terests; to reanimate all humane studies
by connecting them with the enlivened
humanity of the American youth; to
focus the attention of students on great
outstanding problems—the problem of
international security, the problem of in
dustrial organization, tlie problems of
healtli and happiness and human develop
ment ; to create in every student the feel
ing that these problems are his problems,
and to set liim on fire to solve them; to
teach whatever may be needful as a part
of his equipment for service, or as a
personal realization of the new and tetter
type of Americanism. To enter upon
this new enterprise together will continue
the fine comradeships of war and will
convert into powerful agencies of con
structive peace the memories of tlie great
days spent in the shadow of world-wide
calamity.—yliarles A. Bennett, in Fed
eral School Life. *
Schools, (9) The Mormon Schools, and
(10) The Roman Catholic Schools.
A postcard request to Dr. P. P. Clax-
ton. Federal Commissioner of Education,
will bring this bulletin promptly free of
charge. And it is well worth while be
cause it gives a bird’s-eye view of the
wonderful educational activities of these
various religious bodies in the United
States. It will be interesting to church
members as well as to the executive
officials of the various church education
boards.
NO OTHER ISSUE
Educationally tiie decade that follows
the war will be, I believe, the richest and
most fruitful in the nation’s history.
Here iu the South, and in North Caro
lina especially, we need to keep heroically
foremost in our public policy the deter
mination not to slacken but rather to
quicken our educational activities. Eng
land and France under war burdens in
comparably greater than ours have
doubled their educational budgets. It is
clearly the inevitable policy of wisdom.
If North Carolina needs and wants
greatly to extend and deepen its educa-
cational activities, there is no issue of
poverty involved. North Carolina is suf
ficiently prosperous. It is spending money
for what it wants.
A Christian may as well say that the
Church is too poor to be honest as for a
■citizen of North Carolina to say tliat the
•State is too poor to educate, and to the
limit of its desire.
There is no other issue in North Caro
lina public policy to-day but this funda
mental issue of education. Tlie perma
nent names in North Carolina statesman
ship are tliose of men who jiut not words
alone but their lives behind the great
•steps in our educational progress. This
is plainly because the fundamentals of
democracy have all of their vital roots in
education. Equality of opportunity is
there, and there alone.—Edward K. Gra
ham, in Education and Citizenship.
Church Obligations
“It is an acknowledged fact,” says B.
Warren Brown, “that more students of
leading denominations go to the state
universities than to their own church
colleges. It has been further demon
strated this year that between 70 and 75
percent of the students now in state uni
versities are members of some church.
Obviously, the churches having shut out
religious instruction from these institu
tions by law are under obligation to sup
ply this teaching independently. The
situation is being provided for along three
definite lines.
• “1. Paid secretaries are maintaining
the Christian Associations in state in
stitutions. The membership thus secured
averages about 40 percent of the student
body.
“2. Religious workers are placed in
state institutions by the different denomi
nations. In this way $57,000 was spent
last year by four denominations.
“3. Bible chairs or schools of religion
are maintained. By means of these col
lege credit is allowed for religious in
struction properly supervised and non
sectarian.
“The Catholics maintain chapels, the
Episcopalians church clubs, the Disciples
and Methodists Bible chairs, and the
Presbyterians religious workers.”
CHURCH EDUCATION
“Educational Work of the'Churches in
1916-18” is the title of bulletin No. 10,
1919 just given to the public by the Bu
reau of Education, Washington, D. C.
It contains (1) a brief survey of Edu-
■catiou under Religious Auspices in the
United States, by B. W. Brown, Secre
tary of the Council of Church Boards of
Education, (2) The Christian Day Schools
of the Lutherans, by W. C. Kohn, (3)
The Northern Methodist Schools, by H.
H. Meyer, (4) The Southern Methodist
Schools, by W. E. Hogan, (5) The
-Northern Baptist Schools, by F. W.
Padelford, (6) The Southern Baptist
■Schools, by J. W. Cammack, (7) The
IHorthcru Presbyterian Schools, by M. C.
Alldhen, (8) The Protestant Episcopal
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
At the request of the National Organi
zation for Public Health Nurses and the
North Carolina State Board of Health’,
the University Library has become ' the
distributor in North Carolina of literature
on public health nursing. It has collect
ed a large number of books, pamphlets,
and magazine articles on various phases
of public health, and it offers this service
to any citizen of the State who may be
interested in the subject. The material
may be borrowed for a period of two
weeks, the borrower paying postage
charges from and to Chapel Hill. In
most instances this charge will be six
cents eacli way. 'Package libraries and
material can be secured on the following
subjects:
Blindness
Cancer
Cereal Foods
Child Health
Common Colds
Diphtheria
Disinfectants
Elies
Hay Fever
Insects
Keeping Fit, or Right Living
Malaria
IMeasles
Mosquitoes
Pellagra
Public Health
Public Health Adiuinistratiou
Public Health Nurses
Pure Water
Safe Milk
Safety First
Sanitation
Scarlet Fever
School Hygiene
Sewerage
Spanish Influenza
Trachoma
Tuberculosis
Typhoid Fever
Venereal diseases
Welfare Work
The Library also has files of the Jour
nal of Public Health, The Public Health
Nurse, American Journal of Nursing, and
the Journal of Outdoor Life, copies of
whicii will be loaned upon request.
MILLIONAIRE BRAINS
All the old morals are given fresh point
by sucii a career as that of Frank W.
Woolworth; but the one that stands out
most conspicuously at this time is the
practical democracy of opportunity in
this country. If we listened to the Bol-
sheviki, we would believe that success
and fortune are prizes specially reserved
to favored classes. Here was a man who
EDUCATION PAYS
Statistics lately gathered show that
among 150,000 uneducated children
only one has a chance of becoming
prominent. Given a high school edu
cation his chance is multiplied 87
times. Elementary schooling falls be
tween these two, while college train
ing increases his opportunity 800
times.
Formerly farmers feared that edu
cated children would feel they had
outgrown farm conditions and would
look toward the city, but in these days
when automobiles, modern household
appliances, and especially the use of
farm power machinery are increasing
in every rural district, the farmer
may well change tliis fear for the one
that his children, unless well educated,
cannot hold a leading position in their
own community.—American Fruit
Grower.
started witli a capital of $50, the laborious
savings of years, and died worth $65,-
000,000. The door of opportunity seemed
to be closed -to him. But it is opened as
readily as to a millionaire. And it will
open to any man who knows how to
knock on it. This is what Woolworth’s
life proves, and it is important to empha
size at a time when Bolshevism is whin
ing that the common man is liandicapped
in this country. The Woolworth Build
ing in New York is a monument to the
equality of opportunity in the United
States.
The equality of opportunity does not
mean, however, that everybody is going
to succeed. Woolworth became a mil
lionaire in fact because he was a million
aire first in ideas. Napoleon’s private
soldiers carried a marshal’s baton iu their
knapsacks, he said. The captains of in
dustry carry their batons in their brains.
And if a man hasn’t brains enough to
open the door of opportunity it may be
his misfortune, but not the fault of
society.—Baltimore Sun.
COLUMBIA EXPERIMENTS
Educational institutions throughout
the United States will watch with interest
the experiment of Columbia university in
adopting psychological tests in admitting
students. Like most eastern institutions,
Columbia has followed the practice of
admitting students on the basis of high
school or preparatory school certificates
alone.
Under the new plan at Columbia, any
student wlio wishes may still enter on the
old basis—an entrance examination iu
secondary school subjects. He will have
the option, however, of choosing another
plan—presenting his preparatory school
certificate and taking the Binet-Simon
psychological tests.
Tire modified Binet-Simon tests, which
were used extensively in the army during
the war, are tests principally of intel
ligence rather than of information. Certain
of these tests mark the standard which
-the freshman entering college must attain.
The person who passes them is believed
to be sufficiently alert and well balanced
to profit by university trainiirg. Dr. E.
L. Thorndike, who is in charge of the
work, is quoted as pointing out that
previous scholastic education, or lack of
it, will not so much matter any longer.
As the purpose of college training is
not merely to collect information, ex
aminations, it would seem, should not
emphasize information exclusively. Any
college teacher knows that intelligence,
alertness, and soundness are perhaps the
most valuable qualities in a student. If
the tests succeed in picking out the stu
dents who possess these qualities, they
undoubtedly will come into extensive use
in educational institutions.^Kansas In
dustrialist.
MOTOR CARS IN THE U. S.
The New York Times of Feb. 2, 1910
published a table showing the number
of registered cars in the states of the
Union on Dec, 30, 1918 and the increases
since 1914.
When the present year opened, there
were nearly six million motor cars in the
UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
LETTER SERIES NO. 173
STORY OF THE CREED
The American’s Creed to which the
city of Baltimore gave a prize of one
thousand dollars was made public April
2, 1918. Its selection was the result of a
National Citizens’ Creed contest which
came about in this way.
How It Began
The idea of laying special emphasis up
on the duties and obligations of citizen
ship in the form of a national creed
originated with Henry S. Chapin. In
1916-1917 a contest, open to all' Ameri
cans, was inaugurated in the press
throughout the country to secure “the
best summary of the political faith of
America.” The contest was informally
approved by the President of the United
States. The city of Baltimore, as the
birthplace of the Star-Spangled Banner,
offered a prize of $1,000, which was ac
cepted,' and the following committees
were appointed; A committee on manu
scripts, consisting of Porter Emerson
Browne and representatives from leading
American magazines, with headquarters
in New York City; a committee on
award, consisting of Matthew Page An
drews, Irvin S. Cobb, Hamlin Garland,
Ellen Glasgow, Julian Street, Booth
Tarkington, and Charles Hanson Towne;
and an advisory committee, consisting of
pr. P. P. Claxton, United States Com
missioner of Education, Governors of
States, LTnited States Senators, and other
national and state officials.
The Winner
The winner of the contest and the
author of the Creed selected proved to be
WilliamTyler Page of Friendship Heights,
Maryland, a descendant of ' President
Tyler and also of Carter Braxton, one of
the signers of the Declaration of In
dependence.
country at large. Reckoned at the mini
mum figure of $600 apiece, they represent
ed an investment of more than three and
a lialf billion dollars.
The actual value is nearer 5 billion
dollars, but we choose the smaller esti
mate in order to rank North Carolina
with the other states in the table that
appears elsewhere iu this issue. Nearly
four-fifths of our cars are Fords.
During 1917 and 1918 the American
people bought two and a quarter million
motor cars. These figures indicate au
immense increase in motor truck indus
tries, because the manufacture and use
of passenger cars were abandoned or
greatly decreased during the last two
years of the war. The prompt delivery
of sliort-haul, cross-country freight in
small quantities is developing a tremen
dous demand for motor trucks.
Tractors and motor trucks will play a
great part in transportation in the future.
The gas engine is working a very miracle
of chanoe in transportation in sky and
sea, as well a.s on land. In consequence
we are just entering upon a great new
industrial era, as the street car and
railway magnates are leafning.
The South Leads
Another thing worth noting is the de
mand for cars in agricultural areas. The
greatest increase in the number of cars
during the last five years has been in the
farm states—the South leading. The
Rocky Mountain states, the Middle West,
the Nortli and East follow in the order
named. The country over, the increase
in the number of cars was nearly 4-fold,
but in tlie South the increases range from
5-fold in Virginia, North Carolina, Geor
gia, and! New Mexico, to 10-fold in
Mississippi and Louisiana, and 16-fold in
Oklahoma, which leads the whole United
States in automobile increases. The only
other conspicuous increases occur in
=?t=
Wyoming and Idaho, 7-fold in the first
state and 10-fold in the last. It is con
clusive proof that the war has made the
farm states rich, and that the farm states
have gained most under war conditions,
or at least that agricultural surpluses are
II,ore evenly distributed than industrial
and commercial surpluses. This fact ex
plains the low rank of Rhode Island,
^Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and New
Jersey. Manufacture enriches the few,
agriculture enriches the many.
The Farm States Lead
Our wealth in motor cars on Dec. 30,
1918 was $34.20 per inhabitant, in the
country at large. The per capita averages
range from $11.99 in Mississippi, and
$11.56 in Alabama, which foot the list,
to $88.32 in'Iowa and $88.84 in Nebraska,
which^ead the column.
Evidently bread-and-meat farming in
the Middle West is more remunerative
than cotton farming in the South.
The South moved up faster than the
rest of the country in the number of new
motor cars during the war, as noted
above, but we are still far from the top
in automobile wealth.
Every southern state except Arizona is
below the general av'erage in 1918. Ari
zona led the South in 1918 with a motor
car wealth of $50.00 per inhabitant, fol
lowed by Texas, Oklahoma, Florida, New
Mexico, Georgia, South Carolina, Vir
ginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, Ten
nessee, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi,
and Alabama in the order named.
North Carolina stood 8th from the bot-
tf'in, with a per capita investment in
automobiles of $17.57. It is relatively
small but it is nearly twice our per capita
investment in school properties of all
sorts, primary, secondary, high-school
and college, public and private, church
and state!
1919.
AUTOMOBILE WEALTH IN THE U. S.
Per Inhabitant in 1918
Based on the Official Registration Figures of the states.—N. Y. Times, Feb. 2,
kS. J. 0x4LV'ERT, Northampton County,
University of North Carolina
Average for the United States $34.20
Rank States
Per Inhab.
Rank States
Per Inhab.
1
Nebraska
$88.84
25
Maryland
2
Iowa
88.32
26
Delaware
33.37
3
South Dakota
68.53
27
Texas
4
New York
67.82
28
Maine
5
Montana
61.83
29
Missouri
6
Kansas
59,58
30
Oklahoma
7
California
31
Florida
30.07
8
North Dakota
53.47
32
Rhode Island
28.79
9
Wyoming
51.84
33
Massachusetts
27.64
10
Minnesota ........
51.45
34
New Hampshire
27.50
n
Arizona
50.00
35
Pennsylvania
25,24
11
Michigan
50.00
36
New Jersey
25.12
13
Indiana
47.75
37
New Mexico
23.19
14
Ohio
47.48
38
Georgia
20.26
15
Wisconsin
47.16
39
South Carolina
16
Oregon
44.99
40
17
Washington
43.32
41
North Carolina
17.57
18
Nevada
41.76
42
Kentucky
19
Idalio
41.48
43
Tennessee
20
Colorado
41.39
44
Vest Virginia
15.43
21
Connecticut
39.^0
45
Arkansas
22
Illinois
36.95
46
Louisiana
23
Utah
35.98
47
Mississippi
24
Vermont
48
Alabama