1
The news in this publica
tion is released for the press on
receipt.
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
NEWS LETTER
Published weekly by the
University of North Carolina
for its Bureau of Extension.
DECEMBER 3, 1919
CHAPEL HHX, N. C.
VOL. VI, NO. 4
. E. O. Branson, L. B. Wilson, B. W. Knight, D. D Carroll, J. B. Bullitt.
Entered as second-class matter November 14,1914, at the
Postofflee at Chapel Hill, N. C., under the act of August 24,1912.
I
SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTION
Kelected reading references on Public
'Welfare for the North CarolinaOlub com
mittee appointed to report to the Club
. a tentative State Reconstruction program
in this field on Feb. 9, Fei>. 23, and
March 8, and a matured program on May
31. All the books, bulletins, clippings,
-etc., are in the .seminar room of the ru-
:ral 8!x;ial science department in the Uni-
Tversity of North Carolina.
The Subject in General
February 9,1920
Poverty, by Robert Hunter. 328 pp.—
Macmillan Co., New York.
Misery and Its Causes, by Kdward T.
Devine. 274 pp.—Macmillan Co., New
York.
Social Problems, by Anna Stewart. 232
,pp.—Allyn and Bacon, New York.
Social Problems, by Ezra T. Towne.
406 pp.—Macmillan Co., New York.
Poverty and Social Progress, by Mau
rice Parmelee. 477 pp.—Macmillan Co.,
New Y’ork.
Problems of Child Welfare, by George
©.Mangold. 522 pp.—Macmillan Co.,
New York.
A Bibliography of Child Welfare, by
"Eva L. Bascomb and Dorothy R. Men
denhall.—American Medical Association,
535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago.
Good Citizenship in Rural Communi
ties, by John F. Smith. 262 pp. John
0. Winston Co., Chicago.
Child Welfare
Child Welfare in North Carolina, edited
by W. II. Swift. 314 pp. $1.00.—Nation
al Child Labor Committee, 105 E.
St., New York.
Missouri Children’s Code Commission,
191H. pp. 231.—Executive Offices, Jeffer
son City, Mo.
Missouri Children’s Bills, The Survey,
June 21, 1919.-119 E. 19th St., N. Y’.
Tle.State Orthopaedic Hospital.—Uni
versity rural social science files, No. 362.8.
Children’s HomeSociety of North Caro
lina.—Idem, No. 362.7.
Child-Placing in Families, by W. H.
iSlingerland. pp. 264.—Russell Sage Foun
dation, 112 E. 22d St.. New York. 1919.
The Selection of Foster Homes for Chil
dren, by Mary S. Doran and Bertha C.
Reynolds, pp. 74.—New York School of
Social Work, 105 E. 22d St., New Y'ork.
1919, 35 cents.
Problems of Child Welfare, by George
B. Mangold, pp 522.—The Macmillan Co.,
New York.
Laws Relating to Mothers’ Pensions in
the United States, Denmark, and New
itiealaud, pp 102.—Bulletin of the Chil
dren’s Bureau, Washington, D. C.
Biennial Report of the N. C. State Board
•of Charities and Public Welfare, 1919,
pp 50.—Bulletin of the Board, Vol. I, No.
4, Raleigh, N. C.
Public Welfare in North Iarolina.—
Vols. I and II of the Bulletins of theState
Welfare Board, Raleigh.
Juvenile Delinquency
The J uvenile Court and the Communi
ty, liy Thomas D. Eliot, pp 234.—Mac-
, millan Co., New York.
'f N. C. Juvenile Delinquent Law, Bulle
tin of the Nortli Carolina State Board of
Public Welfare, pp 7-8, Vol. I, No. 1;
Vol. II, No. 1; and Vol. II, No. 3.
Report of the Jackson Training School,
1916-1918. i>p 12.—Chas. E. Roger, Sup-
«rinteulent, Concord, N. C.
The .fack.son Training School, by G. G.
Dickson.—Press clipping, University ru
ral social science files, No. 364.1.
Samarcand Manor, by Mrs. Chamber-
Uain. Vol. I, No. 3, pp 5-7.—Bulletin N.
tO. State Public Welfare Board, Raleigh.
Defectives
A Miud That Found Itself, by Clifford
Whittingham Beers, pp 363.—Longmans,
Green and Co., New York.
Insane, Feel)le-minded, Epileptics, and
Inebriates in Institutions in the United
States, Sauuary 1917, by II. M. Pollock
and Edith M. Furbiish. pp 19.—Nation
al Committee for Mental Hygiene, Inc.,
SO Union Square, New York.
Socii-i Problems, by Ezra T. Towne.—
Macmithm Co., N. Y. Chapters IX and
N.
The Kallikaks of Kansas, Report of the
Commission on Provision for the Feeble
minded, pp 31.—KxecutiveChamber, To
peka, Kansas.
'The Caswell Training School, Kinston,
N. 0.—Reports of Dr. C. Banks McNairy,
Superintendent.
Colony Care for the Feebleminded, pp
19. — Commission on Provision for the
Feebleminded, 702 Empire Building,
! Philadelphia, Pa.
Proceedings, National Social Work Con-
1 ference, 1917.— 315 Plymouth Court,
I Chicago, 111.
JAILS AND PENITENTIARIES
February 23,1920
1. County Jails. The Abolition of the
County Jail, by Dr. Frederick H. Wines,
pp 12.
County Jails, two Survey clippings.—
University rural social science files. No.
352.621.
Fees and the County Jail, by John E.
Orchard.—Central Bureau, Yearly Meet
ing of Friends, 150 N. 15th St., Philadel
phia.
N. C. Prison Conditions and Practices.
Press clippings. University rural social
science files. No. 365.02.
Jail Scores in North Carolina.—Ibid
The Treatment, Handling, and Work
of Prisoners, Public Laws of North Caro
lina, Session 1917, p 8. —Ibid,
County Jails, by Hastings H. Hart, pp
14. Prison Leaflets, No. 40.—National
Committee on Prisons and Prison Labor,
Broadway and 116th St., N. Y.
The County Jail in Alabama, by Dr.
W. H. Oates, pp 4.—University rural
social science file, No. 352.621.
The County Jail in Virginia, Commis
sion report, pp 9.—Ibid,
2. Reform of Misdemeanants. State
Farms for Misdemeanants, bulletin of the
Indiana State Board of Charities, India-
22nd napolis.
Treatment of the iSIisdemeanant, by
Amos W. Butler, Secretary Indiana State
Board of Charities, pp 8.—Indianapolis.
3. Penitentiary Problems. The State’s
Prison, Reports of the Superintendent,
Warden, arid other Officials, Raleigh,
N. 0.
A Social Welfare Program for the State
of Florida, by Hastings H. Hart and Clar
ence L. Stonaker. pp 14 and 60-66.—Rus
sell Sage Foundation, 112 E. 22d St., N.
York.
Report on Experimental Convict Road
Camp, Fulton County, Ga., by H. S.
Fairbank, R. H. Eastham, and W. F.
Draper, pp 64, charts and maps.—Bulle
tin No. 583, U. S. Department of Agricul
ture, Washington, D. 0.
Punishment and Reformation; A Study
of the Penitentiary System, by Frederick
H. Wines.
THE SUPERIOR MAN
1. He is spiritual—meaning that
his joys are more of the mind than
of the body.
2. He likes simplicity. He uses
simple words, has simple habits, eats
simple food, finds simple pleasure in
simple forms of play.
3. He likes to serve.
4. He is above his pleasures. He
has pleasures, but none of them are
bigger than he is. He can put by any
or all of them for principle.
5. He is clean. He may have to
get dirty in the course of work or ser
vice, but at the first opportunity he
cleans up. His thoughts and actions
are clean and wholesome.
6. He is never bitter. Pessimism
is the philosophy of vulgarity. Rising
above disaster marks the hero.
7. He does not like to show off.
8. He is gentle. All noise is waste.
God is in the still small voice.
9. He is humble-minded. Pride
learns nothing. Humility is royal,
walking free of fear and favor.
10. The superior man is one with
whom familiarity does not breed con
tempt. He wears well. Friends do
not tire of him. He has the lasting
quality.—Dr. Frank Crane, in the
American Magazine.
to enable any citizen who longs to to re
turn to the soil, no such remedy strikes
at the heart of the problem. Not until
the country is built up with wide-awake
school teachers and the homes and farms
are equipped with the conveniences of
modern life \yll any considerable body
of the people be content to endure the
hardships and loneliness of the rural sec
tions. The call of the News Letter to
students, educators, and legislators to
work together for the creation of a new
environment in the country must be
heard and must result in thoughtful ac
tion if what has been known as country
life is to be rescued from practical ex
tinction.—Asheville Citizen.
MILL VILLAGE PROBLEMS
March 8,1920
The Turnover of Factory Labor,
1. a.
by Sumner H. Schlichter. 460pp.—Apple
ton and Co., New York.
h. Home Ownership. Home Owning
Mill Hands.—University News Letter,
Vol. II, No. 30.
See also Farm and Home Owner
ship references. University News Letter,
Vol. VI, No. 2.
c. Housing and 111 Health, Monthly
Labor Review, July 1919, 243-8 pp.—De
partment of Labor, lYashington, D. 0.
Coope>-ative Housing Law of Wiscon
sin, p 351. Idem, Sept. 1919.
Income and Infant Mortality, by Julia
0. Lathrop. — Reprint from American
Journal of Public Health, Apr. 1919.
Clipping, Literary Digest.—Univer
sity rural social science files. No. 347.16.
d. Safety Devices, Industrial Accidents,
etc., Parmelee’s Poverty and Social Pro
gress, pp 331-49.—Macmillan Co., N. Y.
Bulletins of the National Safety Coun
cil, 168 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago.
Industrial Accidents, - Monthly Labor
Review, 1919 issues. See table of contents.
—Department of Labor, Washington, D.
C.
Social Insurance.-Ibid.
Workmen’s Compensation, by Alroy
S. Phillips.— Missouri Workingmen’s
Compensation Conference, 1605 Pierce
Building, St. Louis. ,
Report of Committee on Social Insur
ance.—National Civic Federation, Metro
politan Tower, New York.
Parmelee’s Poverty and Social Progress,
Chap. XXII,
Social Problems, by Anna Stewart,
Chap. IX.—Allyn and Bacon, N. Y.
Mill Village Welfare Work in N, C.
See University rural social science files.
No. 375.92.
Mangold’s Problems of Child Welfare,
pp 177, 189, 470, et seq.
Child Labor
The N. C. Child Labor Law; the Fed
eral Law, and Judge Boyd’s Decision.—
University rural social science files. No.
331.301.
Child Labor in N. C., by Theresa Wolf-
son, pp 209-37 of Child Welfare in N. C.
National Child Labor Committee, 105 E.
22d St., N. Y.
The States and Child Labor; Restric
tions as to wages and hours, Bulletin of
the Children’s Bureau, Washington, D.
C.
Mangold’s Problems of Child Welfare,
pp 271-338.
Compulsory Education
TheN. C. Law, with interpretations,
N. C. Department of Education.—Uni
versity rural social science files. No. 375.
21.
Compulsory school attendance, press
clippings.—Ibid.
A Half-Time Mill School, by H. W.
Foght. pp 23.— Bureau of Education,
Washington, D. C.
Mill Village Schools, by E. C. Branson.
University News Letter, Vol. V, No. 38.
See also rural social science files. No.
375.92.
BETTER COUNTRY HOMES
The University News Letter has no
faith in efforts to persuade those who
have fled from the country to return.
Says the News Letter: ‘ ‘Back-to-the-farm
is pure nonsense. The cityward drift of
modern times is like the tides of the sea.
The moving of country people into indus
trial and commercial centers cannot be
stopped, and when they move out they
rarely ever come back.”
But the News Letter, spokesman of the
University Extension Bureau, believes
that it is possible so to improve the condi
tions of rural life that people who by na
ture love the country will remain on the
land, and that the few who do return
will not find cause to regret that they
ever hungered for the scenes of their
childhood.
And with this conviction the News
Letter is preaching the gospel of more con
veniences and comforts in the country
regions, such as electric lights and power,
sewage disposal, labor-saving machinery,
books, music,—everything that will make
rural life more attractive.
Lacking these things, says the News
l^etter, preachers, doctors, teachers, and
farmers are fleeing from the isolation
that broods over vast stretches of Ameri
ca. In 400 square miles of Orange
county, says the News Letter, there are
only two ministers living in the country
with their flocks, and not a doctor lives
in the country districts of the county.
Here, says the News Letter, is a prob
lem that is foundational. Land grants
to soldiers and sailors, long-term notes
THE PRICE OF HEALTH
“It’s an ill bird that fouls itsownnest.”
A mistaken sense of loyalty forbids the
average man to admit any lack of perfec
tion in the sacred home spring or the hal
lowed town well. None the less an ill
man may often foul his own or his neigh
bor's water supply.
An instructive instance occurred last
year in a small western town. The com
munity had been free from typhoid for
more than a year. Eight cases developed
between August 9th and 17th, all being
in a section of the town supplied with
water from a well in the outskirts of the
settlement. Various citizens including
the local physician and a resident sani
tary engineer assured the investigating
epidemiologist that the water supply was
above reproach. Examination showed a
well about 25 feet deep located at the
lower end of a small gully that drained an
area much frequented by tramps. Human
I excrement was found in the gully and
I even at the very edge of the well. The
top was enclosed but the casing was of
I timber and easily pervious. A drought
I of many weeks had been broken by a
I storm at the end of July. Some wander-
I ing carrier had deposited a supply of ty-
! phoid bacilli during the dry weather.
The rain had done the rest. With the
abolition of this water supply the epi
demic ceased.
No Frenchman likes to admit drinking
water, but occasionally he does surrepti
tiously indulge in the unpopular bever
age. In August 1918 a violent outbreak
of dysentery, with a mortality of 30 per
cent attacked the people of Bertrichamp
in eastern Franee. The town was sup
plied by four springs whose water of es
tablished parity was piped to various
flowing fountains. No illness occurred
among those using water from three of
tliese springs nor from the uppermost of
the ten fountains supplied by the fourth
spring. But cases were traced to each of
the other nine fountains. Moreover bac
teriological examination showed these
nine to be grossly contaminated and the
other to be pure. Further investigation
discovered a leak in the pipe from the
fourth spring, between the first and the
second fountains supplied by it. This
break was located fifteen feet from a road
side latrine extensively used by passing
soldiers. An inherently good water sup
ply had become dangerous through an
accident to its distributing mains. Re
pair of the pipe terminated the epidemic.
The price of health is persistent vigil
ance in sanitation.—J. B. B.
Arnold of Rugby
The minds of the students at Rugby
immediately became fertilized with the
enthusiasm, the freshness and the mean
ing of the life which the great teacher,
Thomas Arnold, put into his work, and
into every subject which he taught. His
genius was contagious; his teaching had
a distinct moral and intellectual tone.
His favorite books became favorites with
his students; his heroes were their heroes.
He made subject matter real and vital by
connecting it with life. He enriched it
through that variety of interests which a-
waken the intellect and stir the emotions
to activity.
With Arnold, as with all really great
teachers, the proper significance of the
teacher’s life and the correct estimate of
its value could be understood and felt
through tastes and activities outside pro
fessional routine. For Arnold there was
no other conscious educational creed. He
sought to push back the intellectual ho
rizon, to broaden human sympathy, and
to lead men to the complete life.—E. W,
K.
THE OLD-WORLD VIEW
This much I do know about your coun
try, as seen from Europe: That you are
the hope of years to be; that without you
all Europe is like an old man, grey and
shaken with weakness. You are the
youth of the world; in you is concentrat
ed all the fresh romance which across
seas they seem to have lost. Do you real
ize what it means for you to have gone to
war for an ideal? You may have been
daunted for your commercial aspirations
m the past, but now you can never again
be so described—as the country of the
dollar.
In the history of humanity the United
States occupies a unique position, due to
this war. The French Revolution was a
war for self-defense; its influence was
widespread. Y^our Revolution was also
in self-defense. But when you sent your
army across seas you sent an army of
idealists. It was not necessary, from the
standpoint of the selfishness of nations,
for you to go. From ocean to ocean your
country is sufficient unto itself; you could
get on very well without the rest of the
world. Blit here is the significant thing:
the world cannot get on without you.
Let me tell you that the man who goes
to the White House weighs more than all
the Kings assembled together.—Vicente
Blasco Ibanez.
REAL TEACHING
The question is frequently heard: Is
there anything which will make school
teaching thorough, formative, and vital,
instead of mechanical and sterile, and
protect and save children from the injury
which often results from soulless school
exercises? Is there any way to put the
mind of youth into a happier and more
hopeful attitude for acquiring further use
ful information and knowledge and to
furnish experience which will enable the
boys and girls of today to view with en
thusiasm and interest tomorrow the so-
called culture material of the race? Is
the chief business of the teacher the im-
partation of knowledge or the stimulation
of an appetite for knowledge? Does the
intelligejit teacher know how to emanci
pate himself or herself from routine so as
to discriminate between the mere mech
anics of teaching and the means of stim
ulating thought and power, resourceful
ness, and of cultivating tastes and char
acter and a sincere eagerness for a knowl
edge of the best that has been thought
and done in the world?
If such a one is emancipated and does
so discriminate, he or she is a teacher
rather than a mere mechanician, or a
slave to details.
TEACHERAGES
In addition to the problem of getting
enough teachers to supply the schools of
the county another has presented itself
in the form of places for the teachers to
live while they are at work. This prob
lem is confronted in both town and coun
try schools. Superintendent Sigmon tells
us that he has encountered much difficul
ty in arranging places for the country
teachers to stay. This should not be the
case. The people of a community should
appreciate the services of their teacher or
teachers enough to see that they need
not have so much trouble on this score.
For a one-teacher school the idea may
not be practical but the time is rapidly
approaching when the school districts
must build homes for their teachers the
same as churches build for their pastors.
The plan has been used most successfully
in many places. Every school in Burke
county that has two or more teachers
should take it under advisement. Our
teachers must be provided for and this is a
sensible, practical way.—Morgan ton
News-Herald.
A SMALL WATER PLANT
The Knightly Milling Company near
Fort Defiance, Virginia, has a small flour
mill located on Middle River, a small
stream not unlike many of our North
Carolina streams. There is a natural fall
at this point of about five feet. A dam
was thrown across the river at a cost of
$4800, giving a total fall of a trifle over
ten feet. The water power thus created
was used for many years for the sole pur
pose of running the machinery at the
mill.
A few years ago the public-spiriteil own
ers of this min bought an extra water
wheel, a 50 kilowatt generator, and built
a neat pole line to all the neighboring
farms. Today they have altogether
about ten miles, of line and more than a
score of families tap this line for electric
light and electric power. The total cost
of this installation was approximately
$5500.-P. H. i).