he news in this publica-
is released for the press on
pt.
f4i‘~
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
NEWS LETTER
Published weekly by the
University of North Carolina
for its Bureau of Extension.
B 16, 1920
CHAPEL HHJU N. C.
VOL VI, NO. 30
U1 Board . B. C. Branson, h. B. Wilson. E. W. Knight, D, D. Carroll, J. B. Bullitt.
Entered as second-class matter November 14, 1914, at the Postoffloe at Chapel Hill, N, C,, under the act of August 24, 191?,
STATE UNIVERSITY SUPPORT
[E GOT THE FIRST CAR
1 Onslow County Board of Educa-
vas in session and the district home
nstration agent Was pleading for
;h salary to keep the Onslow home
nstration agent on the job—also
new car, with a self starter, to
her work more effective over the
3 county. She was interrupted by
mer who said:
lentlemen, I have the finest little
an in the world at my home, but
loesn’t know anything much about
ing and serving, and she doesn’t
f much about sewing, and she
n’t know as much as she needs to
t fixing up the house. Then I’ve
some girls who are about grown
, and neither one of them knows
to make even a dress for herself
d gentlemen, that is not as it
Id be. Just to show how much we
1 it in my home, I will tell you that
vife and I have offered Miss McFay-
a furnished room and her board free
harge just to show us how to get the
efit of a few suggestions from her
n time to time. You know that I
not a rich man and if the home dem-
iration work means that much to
it must mean a good deal to the
jr folks of the county, too. ’ ’
he board decided that it could not af-
l to lose the home agent, so it made
ippropriation big enough to give a
itantial increase in her salary and
le a new car possible,
he agent immediately went down to
e her order for the car. A big
(f man waited on her and told her
, there were just one hundred and
ty-six orders in ahead of hers and
she might expect her car in about
teen months. Of course she looked
felt disappointed that the car could
be delivered earlier. As she started
of the door the big man called back
er—his face softened and his voice
kind. He said, “You nursed us
n we had the ‘flu’, you may have
first car that comes in.’’ —Hertford
nty Herald.
FARM LIGHTING PLANTS
he latest extension leaflet issued by
University is one of the series on
ntry Home Comforts and Conven-
:es. It contains a discussion of the
banical features and operating prin- !
es of various kinds of farm lighting
1. It will be decidedly instructive
helpful to any prospective buyer to
aaint himself with th^ facts set
:h in this leaflet. There are more
n fifty different kinds of farm light-
sets now on the market, and it is
cult for the farmer to choose intel-
ntly when he is unfamiliar with the
iciples of the various plants, and
nothing to depend on for bis guid-
e except the recommendations of the
!sman, and the literature on the sub-
; issued by the manufacturer,
he discussion in the Extension Leaf-
is, a result of a thorough study of
most widely advertised plants, made
Profs. Daggett and Walke of the
iversity, and is an intelligent, care-
and impartial survey of the subject,
mded wholly for the instruction of
farmer. The advantages and disad-
itages described are based primarily
m the latest specifications. The in-
mation contained in the leaflet is col-
ted under various headings such as
iling systems, batteries, fuel, igni-
so that the buyer may very
leniently refer to the advantages of
f point.
^ list is given of the best manufac-
•ers making machines equipped with
:h variety of feature. An extensive
•ies of tests is now being made at the
liversity on representative plants,
d the pfospective purchaser may se
re further free advice by writing to
! Division of Country Home Comforts
i Conveniences, Chapel. Hill, N. C. —
ws and Observer. ‘
of Russian life dwells a great body of
prosperous farmers, as many as the
whole population of Germany, as
many households as the entire popula
tions of North and South Carolina, Ari
zona, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Ken
tucky, Louisiana, Maryland, and Miss
issippi. Twenty million households,
—nearly a hundred million persons.
They believe in and they practice co
operative business. Their food and
clothes and farming supplies are pur
chased cooperatively. Their stores and
factories are operated cooperatively.
Their great stocks of raw material are
gathered together cooperatively, and
cooperatively they are sold all over the
world to buyers whose name is legion.
No Bolsheviks, these people. No so
cialists. No revolutionaries.
Economic community-interest sways
alike the members and the managers of
the 66,000 cooperative societies that
honey-comb Russia, while the rest of
the world reeks from the carnage of
war.
Political expediency plays no part in
the transactions of these societies.
Their members live in economic securi
ty. The little transactions of the indi
vidual farmer or shop-keeper and the
vast undertakings of their fiscal agents
in Russia and in every major capital of
of the world are consummated in ease
of mind based upon a solid assurance of
unshakable economic independence.
While the Great War lasted the co-
operators of Russia garnered their re
serves. They laid up enormous quanti
ties of hides, hemp, flax, and wheat,
butter, cheese and other commodities.
The Logic of Necessity
Convinced at last that the coopera
tives are strictly non-political and non
partisan the Supreme Council has lifted
the blockade, and the anxious owners
may now begin to sell their carefully
preserved stores of raw materials.
Only dire necessity, it has been said,
will drive people into genuine coopera
tion. But once driven in, the history of
cooperation in all countries shows they
never come out.
The Russian cooperators had- long
been accustomed to a certain form of
community buying society called ar-
telle. But even so, there were no gen
uine cooperative societies in 1894, and
they were started at that time with the
utmost difficulty. Necessity, however,
and abject poverty, fostered their
growth, and now just 26 years later
they are the one solvent feature of an
otherwise wrecked and bankrupt na
tion.
To be a democrat, says M. P. Follett,
in her book The New State, is not to
decide on a certain form of human as
sociation, it is to learn how to live with
other men.
To be a cooperator is to think that
self-interest in its most enlightened as
pect cannot safely attain a prosperity
^ that excludes all others from a like
prosperity. Cooperation or group busi-
I ness is to learn how to live with other
men in economic-wise, in bread-and-
I meat, clotbing-and-shelter-wise ways.
These cooperators who have succeeded
' to such a point that their transactions
now run into billions yearly are pedple
j who have learned to live the precept,
I Each for all and all for each. Which,
by the way, is not mere economics; it is
religion itself—real religion.—E. N.
RUSSIA’S ONLY HOPE
rhe other day a New York newspaper
fried (these headlines: “Russian Co-
erative Unions rejoice over edict.
5ad of their American committee says
“y ready for resumption of
ide.’’
What it meant? This:
Bedded down deep in the very heart
COMMENCEMENT 1920
Sunday, June 13
Baccalaureate Sermon, 11 a. m.,
by Chancellor S. B. McCormick, D.
D., University of Pittsjjurg.
Vesper Services, under the Davie
Poplar, by Dr. William D. Moss,
Pastor Presbyterian Church, Chapel
Hill, N. C.
Monday, June 14
Senior Class Day. Exercises morn
ing and afternoon. 8.00 p. m. Inter-
Society Debate. 9.30 p. m. Anniver
saries of Di and Phi Societies.
Tuesday, June 15
Alumni Day, 10.45 a. m. to 10.00
p. m. Business meeting. Luncheon,
Class meetings. Annual Trustee meet
ing, Plays by the Carolina Play-
Makers, Reception by President and
Faculty.
Wednesday, June 16
Commencement Day. 11.00 a. m.
Address by Hon. Bainbridge Colby,
Secretary of State. Announcements.
Presentation of Diplomas by Gover
nor T. W. Bickett.
COUNTRY HOME CONVENIENCES
LETTER SERIES No. 14
ELECTRIC MOTORS FOR FARM WORK—II
to get rich quick is tempered by safety
and sane profit.
But thought must precede action. It
is necessary for America tp think right
in order that her citizens may act right.
To guide the trend of public thought is
both the duty and the privilege of the
university men of America. They must
teach the lesson of thrift and economy,
of working and saving; lay the founda
tions of sound economic knowledge and
practice. There is but one other way
for America to learn sound financial
habits, that is by experience through an
economic and financial crash which will
bring untold suffering in its trail.
It is within the province of leaders of
thought among whom university men
take the higher places, to make that
crash unnecessary, but they must influ
ence the trend of public thought not
only by economic precept but by indi
vidual example. It is to be hoped there
fore that college men everywhere will
ally themselves with the movement to
make thrift a national habit which is
being waged by the Savings Division of
the Treasury Department.
Through the government-backed sav
ings societies, which utilize safe and
profitable government savings securities
to promote the habit of saving and safe
investment, the direction of public
thought may be changed into safe and
profitable channels.—John B. Greedon,
President Georgetown University.
There are three main sources from
which electricity may be obtained to run
farm machinery. First, a nearby trans
mission line may be tapped, second, a
small water power on the farm may be
developed, and third, a farm lighting
set may be purchased.
In a few cases the farmer may have
his choice of all three methods, in others
he may have to choose between central
station power and the farm lighting
set. In still others it may be a ques
tion of the farm lighting set against
developing a small water power. From
an economical standpoint almost every
case will be a study in itself and no
general statement can be made as to
which source of power will be the cheap
est. From the standpoint of practica
bility, however, some fairly definite
conclusions may be reached.
In the table we gave in our letter
last week the different farm machines
were divided into two groups, big jobs
and medium sized jobs. Most of the
big jobs required motors of 10 Horse
power and larger. For this sort of work
power obtained from a central station
by means of a transmission line is ne
cessary as a rule, although we have
found several farms with small water
powers that can be utilized. The jobs
COLLEGE MEN CAN HELP
Millions of .Americans are thinking
today along wrong lines. Their trend
of thought and action is toward extrav
agance rather thah toward production,
toward luxuries rather than toward ne
cessities, toward spending rather than
saving, and toward speculation rather
than toward safe productive invest
ment.
It requires no deep knowledge of eco
nomics to deduce the danger from such
a trend of thought and action, not only
to the individual but to the nation and
to the world. The inexorable laws of
supply and demand still function. Con
ditions can return to the safe and the
normal only when increased production
and decreased consumption restore the
equilibrium of prosperity; when spend
ing is met by saving; when the desire
UNIVERSITY SUPPORT
In state appropriation for mainten
ance in 1918-19 North Carolina ranked
twenty-third among the 44 states that
maintain state universities or colleges of
liberal arts.
Which is fo say, 22 states support
tlieir state universities more liberally.
Four of these are southern states as
follows:
North Carolina $194,166
Arizona 289,747
Kentucky 299,696
Oklahoma 363,455
Texas 839,365
Our state appropriation for the calen
dar year 1918 was $165,000; for the cal
endar year 1919 it was $215,000. The
college year running from July to July
was thus supported by two legislative
appropriations, one smaller and the
other larger than $194,166.
But bulk totals are never a fair basis
on which to compare states. Reducing
these state appropriations to per capita
amounts per year, whites alone consid
ered, the table stands as follows:
North Carolina H cents
Oklahoma 13
Kentucky 14
Texas 22
Nebraska 63
Arizona •
Eleven cents a year is what on an
average the University of North Caro
lina costs a white inhabitant of the
state—less than that if he has less than
$400 worth of property on the tax
books! Less than three cents if he has
less than $100 on the tax list! And only
15 cents if he has $500 on the tax list!
Eleven cents is less than a movie show
ticket nowadays.
A single pound of middling cotton
pays a man’s university tax in this
state for nearly four years; a single
pound of average tobacco, for nearly
six years; and a single bushel of corn,
for nearly twenty years!
Nebrasha and Arizona
But this is not all—while the white
people of North Carolina are paying 11
cents apiece to support the state uni
versity, the whites of Texas are paying
for their university just twice as much,
in Nebraska nearly five times as much,
and in Arizona more than seven times
as much. Which means, of course,
that they set just that much more value
upon their universities than we do upon
ours.
We have nearly a half million more
white people in North Carolina than
Nebraska has, but Nebraska gives to
her university $664,500 which is more
than three times the amount the Uni
versity of North Carolina receives from
the state.
The University of Nebraska is doing
no more for the state than the state
university is doing for North Carolina.
The difference lies in the fact that Ne
braska values her university higher,
and therefore supports it better.
And as for Arizona—there are fewer
than 300,000 native whites in that state
but her university appropriation is near
ly $240,000 against $194,000 in North
Carolina; or 80 cents per capita against
our 11 cents.
North Carolina is doing well on a
small university appropriation; there is
are, however, much too large for the
farm lighting set.
The jobs in the medium sized group
are typical of what can be done with a
small water power if one is close at
hand and can be developed at a reason
able cost. At present the cost of ma
terial and labor is so outrageously high
that the cost of developing small water
powers makes the cost of the power ob
tained very much more than it used to
be. Where there is a natural site with
a good fall the water power may be
made to do a number of these jobs at
one time.
In this group of jobs there are a num
ber that are small enough for a farm
lighting set to handle. This is especial
ly true of the smaller shop machines.
Every farmer should appreciate the im
portance of keeping his farm machinery
in just as good operating condition as
he keeps his stock of horses, cows, etc.
The convenience to say nothing of the
economy of a farm shop equipped with
grindstone, emery wheel, small lathe
and forge all operated by electric drive
would do much to make the small repair
work abqut the farm an ever increas
ing pleasure instead of one of the jobs
that is always to be done tomorrow. —
P. H. D.
nation-wide recognition of that fact.
But what might the University do
with Arizona’s 80 cents per white in
habitant! With $1,400,000 a year in
stead of $215,000? •
She would be receiving an annual
maintenance of this size if North Caro
lina valued university education as high
ly as Arizona does.
Or $900,000 a year, which is what her
annual support would be if North Caro
lina valued university education as high
ly as Nebraska does.
Great University Areas
Thirteen states of the Union give
more than a half million dollars each to
their universities. Seven of these, more
than a million, and one of these, Illi
nois, more than two million a year!
Except New York all these states are
in the Middle West and the Rocky
Mountain regions. They believe in uni
versity culture and technical training,
in high schools, elementary schools, in
schools of every grade and sort. They
show their faith by their 'Works, and a
pocket-book faith is the real article.
But when it comes to total working in
comes, which include fees, gifts, en
dowment proceeds and the like, the
figures are amazing. They run beyond
two million dollars for seven of these
state universities; over three millions
for five of them; and over four millions
for the University of California.
We’ve a long way yet to go in North
Carolina in common school, high school,
technical school, and university support.
STATE UNIVERSITY SUPPORT
Covering state appropriations for the college year 1918-19. Based on reports
of state universities to the Federal Education Bureau and on answers to enqui
ries sent out by the Department of Rural Social Science, University of North
Carolina.
Rank University
State Appr’n
Rank University
State Appr’n
1
Illinois
....$2,056,933
22
Montana
$220,000
2
California
1,845,488
23
North Carolina
.... 194,166
3
Minnesota
1,675,978
24
Arkansas
189,109
4
Wisconsin
1,591,765
25
Tennessee
5
Ohio
1,456,934
26
South Dakota
167,500
6
Michigan
.... 1,059,000
27
North Dakota
7
Iowa
1,050,500
28
Virginia
8
Texas
839,365
29
Louisiana
9
New York—Cornell .
788,836
30
Nevada
10
Nebraska
.... 685,691
31
Maine
11
Kansas
664,500
32
N. J.—Rutgers
12
Washington
625,012
33
South Carolina
13
Indiana
.... 614,000
34
Wyoming
14
Penn. State College.
459,677
36
Georgia
15
Utah
381,673
36
New Mexico
16
Oregon
363,760
37
West Virginia
17
Oklahoma
363,455
38
Florida
18
Colorado
362,900
39
Alabama
19
Kentucky
299,696
40
Del. State College ..
47,530
20
Arizona
239,747
41
R. I. State College .
40,000
21
Idaho
225,837
I'l
■
Massachusetts, Maryland, Connecticut, and New Hampshire maintain no uni
versities or colleges of liberal arts at state expense in whole or in part.
Missouri, Vermont, and Mississippi have so far returned no reports for the
year 1918-19.