The news in this publica-
n is released for the press on
:eipt.
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
NEWS LETTER
Published weekly by the
University of North Carolina
for its Bureau of Extension.
fiY 7, 1920
CHAPEL HHJU N. C.
VOL VI, NO. 33
orial Board i E. C. Branson, L. B. Wilson, E, W, Knight, D. D. Carroll, J. B, Bullitt.
Entered as senond-olass matter November 14, 1914, at the Postoffloe at Chapel Hill, N. C , under the act of August 24, 1912
iOSPITAL FACILITIES IN THE U. S.
»ITT COUNTY BULLETIN
itt County: Economic and Social, is
title of a bulletin that has just gone
the job office of the Greenville Daily
ws.
t is the i^rk of the Pitt county
dents at the University of North
•olina. Its publication has been made
isible by the advertising of the enter
sing business men of the county.
The edition is 3000- copies. It is free
the people in Pitt. Apply at once
any advertiser in the bulletin. The
iders, thinkers and leaders in Pitt
ed to make sure of their copies in
vance of publication. It ought to be
:ext book for all the teachers of the
unty and for the high school seniors.
The chapters are as follows.
1. Historical Background, by S. J.
asketh. Bethel, N. C.
2. Natural Resources, by S. J. Husk-
h.
3. Industries and Opportunities, by S.
Husketh.
4. Facts about the Folks, by S. 0.
/■orthington, Ayden, N. C.
5. Wealth and Taxation, by J. V.
erkins, Stokes, N. C.
6. Greenville, Farmville, and Ayden,
f S. 0. Worthington.
7. Progress in Pitt County Schools,
7 J. S. Moore, Bethel, N. C. '
8. Farm Conditions and Practices,
/ M. B. Prescott, Ayden, N. C.
9. Home-Raised Food and the Lo
ll Market Problem, by I. M. Little,
obersonville, N. C. |
10. Things to be Proud of in Pitt, by
. B. Prescott.
11. Our Problems and Their Solution,
7 S. O. Worthington.
another state a well-nigh friendless boy,
to be examined and treated for bron
chial tuberculosis. And in this one^little
village there are seven other piteous
cases of this dread disease.
And no place in North Carolina for
them! Or so only after perilous delay!
Have a heart, Carolina, have a heart!
Surely with all our wealth our hearts
are not fat, our ears heavy, and our
eyes shut, as were those of Israel in
Isaiah’s day!
If so, Israel’s curse may well be laid
upon Carolina.
THE WOMEN DID IT
When I hear people say that America
won the war, said Sir George Paish and
paused, I assent. I go farther. I say
that the war was won by the women of
America. In the years of food shortage
it was the American women who made
it possible for us to have enough food
to go round. American women ate
maize that we might eat wheat.
Sir George’s argument was that after
America has behaved like this, European
people and European governments ought
to be more considerate of America. He
spoke authoritatively of the legitimate
demands of the American people.
Unless these are satisfied, said he, it is
useless to expect America to come back
into the family circle.—Atlanta Consti
tution.
FACTORY GRABBING
)UR HOSPITAL FACILITIES
These are flush times in Carolina.
Iready we have an average of $50
)iece invested in motor cars—count-
g men, women and children of both
ces, and we are buying automobiles
ster than any other state in the Un-
n—some 140 thousand dollars worth
day including Sundays!
But in hospital facilities we stand at
e bottom of the column. Even South
irolina stands three places ahead of us!
le the table elsewhere in this issue.
A recent survey by the editors of
le American Hospital discloses 143
ispitals in North Carolina with only
777 beds, for two and a half million
iople.
And this count includes hospitals of
■ery sort, private, public, semi-public,
id institutional. |
As for free public hospitals, there are
ily a bare half-dozen in the entire
ate, counting the State Tuberculosis
initarium, two county hospitals and
ree municipal hospitals — three of
ese on a tax foundation, and three
itablished and maintained for the most
irt by noble private philanthropy. ■
Not a free public hospital in the state
ir negroes, and only four private hos-
tals with fewer than 250 beds for our
10 thousand colored people! Only one
)spital bed anywhere for every 3,000
sgroes in North Carolina. |
Is it not time for Carolina to consider
le establishment of at least tpn region-.
clinics and dispensaries? and county '
' countyvgroup hospitals as in other
ates of the Union—in three of these
;ates on a mandatory basis?
How else can we care for our .26,000
ises of open, pronounced tuberculosis
one? How on earth can these strick-
1 sufferers be cared for in a stal^ in-
dtution'with fewer than 300 beds?
Disease-prevention and health-pro-
lotion is essentially a local responsi-
ility, and our cities and counties must
3sume it. And with our abounding
ealth, we will be heartless beyond
ords if we cannot hurry to this task.
Forsyth and New Hanover are nobly
ading the way.
Wake is struggling forward against
ids strange to say. With 700 cases of
iberculosis in Wake—or enough to fill
'e state sanatorium twice over in this
9e county alone—how can Wake hesi-
ite?
Or how can any other county in the
'^1"® in this matter of hospital
ici 4ies, abundant, and freely open to
le public?
We are today sending away into
There is a city in Michigan whose citi
zens once raised a fund of $50,000 to be
spent in what someone has described as
the business of factory grabbing. The
money was so spent, in three years. It
did not bring a single new industry to
the town. When the fund was about
exhausted the organization met to wind
up its affairs. The motion had been
made and seconded when a leading citi
zen arose.
We have spent our money, he said,
and haven’t a thing to show for it.
This has set me to wondering if we were
not on the wrong track. While we have
been trying to bring factories here, we
have overlooked our own city. The
streets are out of repair. We have no
parks. Our schools, fire and police de
partments are a joke. This city hasn’t
enough civic spirit to light a bonfire.
Now, instead of going out of business,
suppose we all chip in to another fund
and spend that money trying to improve
our home city. Let’s try it for a year
anyway.
His enthusiasm prevailed. At the end
of the year the results were such that
the organization financed itself for
another year, and then a third.
When the third year had run its course
the same leading citizen made another
little speech:
We spent $50,000 to get new fac
tories, and didn’t get one. We have
spent about the same amount trying to
see how good a town we could make of
this, and now look at the inventory:
More than a dozen new industries have
quietly come in and made their homes
here. We have gained 40 per cent in
population. We have good streets, good
schools, several parks, efficient fire and
police protection, and we are all loudly
and proudly telling the rest of the
country that this is the best city on this
continent. We not only believe it, but
we know it, and if called on, we can
prove it.—New York Municipal Refer
ence Library Notes.
CAROLINA CHEESE MAKING
Five years ago an extension man of
the Dairy Division of the Federal De
partment of Agriculture, found only
three cheese factories in the southern
mountains, and all of these were in one
state—North Carolina. Impressed with
the possibilities that the country offered
for cheese making, the Dairy Division
aided in developing the industry, and
recent reports show that there are now
52 factories in operation.
These mountain regions were found
to be especially well adapted to the
making of cheese. The cool nights and
the mountain springs, furnishing an
abundant supply of cold water, .make it
possible to keep the milk sweet and in
proper condition for cheese making.
A CREED FOR FARMERS
I believe that the soil which God
made is our greatest natural re
source; that the proper conservation
of its fertility and the maintenance
of a good home upon it are my most
important social services as a farm
er.
I believe that work upon the soil is
co-operation with the Creator in a
complete yet ever continued creation;
that it is the oldest, most useful,
honorable and enjoyable employment
of man; and that when undertaken
in the right spirit it calls forth the
best that is in him.
I believe that better farming should
mean better living; that its most
valuable product is the character it
develops in the farmer; and that
its greatest rewards are the satis
faction it gives.
I believe in a better selection of
both plants and animals; in a more
perfect adaptation of crops to the soil;
in a more rational rotation and diver
sification of such; and in more ef
fective cultivation and fertilization.
—Edward J. Ruliffson.
COUNTRY HOME CONVENIENCES
LETTER SERIES No. 17
Lightning and the Electrically Lighted Home
Government Help
To develop the industry it was first
necessary to organize the communities
and assist in the construction of fac
tories. The training of cheese makers
presented another difficulty. In most
cases local men were trained by dairy
specialists who instructed each man per
sonally. At first some difficulty was
encountered in obtaining from the farm-1
ers a sufficiently high grade of milk for j
cheese making, and dairy specialists |
made frequent visits to the factories to
see that the milk used was of good
quality and properly cared for, and that
the cheese was kept up to standard.
The fact that a uniform cheese of stand
ard quality is produced in all the fac
tories has made it possible to sell these
products in large quantities, and this
factor has undoubtedly contributed much
to the success of the industry.
American Cheddar is the variety made
in all the factories, and samples ex
hibited at the National Dairy Show at
tracted considerable attention. The
scores received indicate that the cheese
was of good quality.
We have been told that many farmers
hesitate to put in electric plants because
of a fear that they will attract light
ning. Groundless as this fear may be,
nevertheless it sometimes constitutes
the deciding point that causes the farm
er to give up the durable sati^actions
that go with horfies equipped with all
the comforts and conveniences that
modern electrical science affords.
Instead of buying a farm lighting
plant he puts the same amount of money,
and then some, into a Cantaford auto
mobile, and proceeds to burn up in a
week enough gasoline to light his home
for a month to say nothing of doing all
the washing, ironing, churning, and
sweeping for his wife during that time.
Perhaps some fine summer day he may
start out in the car only to be overtak
en by a thunder shower. Perhaps he
may take refuge under a nice tall tree,
as foolish people usually do on such oc
casions. Perhaps the tree may be struck
by lightning. Perhaps he may live to
tell the tale. Perhaps he may not. The
chances are very much in favor of the
latter. And that being the case there
might be a moral to the tale, but let’s
get back to the point.
The Untamed Thunderbolt
Ever since the days of Benjamin
Franklin and the kite that made Phila
delphia famous it has been known that
lightning and electricity are one and
the same thing. Franklin positively
identified the untamed thunderbolt as
the laboratory curiosity — electricity.
Since that time this laboratory curiosity
has become the master servant of man
kind, thoroughly subdued and harnessed,
while the thunderbolt still remains un
harnessed and untamed.
It Does Not Attract
For all that, however, we know
enough about the behavior of lightning
to say positively that a farm lighting
plant in itself does not attract lightning
any more than any other object in the
house does. If a house is going to be
struck by lightning it is going to be
struck, but it will not be because the
electric lighting plant, or the kitchen
stove or the feather bed or grandma’s'
knitting needles attract the lightning to
the house.
If you already have a farm lighting
plant don’t turn out the lights during a
thunder storm thinking you will be
safer. It makes absolutely no differ
ence. If your electricity is obtained
from a central ■ station by means of a
long line see that the line is equipped
with lightning arresters so that static
discharges caused by lightning strokes
in the vicinity will not damage the
lamps. But remember that your elec
trical equipment does not add one iota
to the chances that your house will be
struck by lightning.—P. H. D.
Brings In Ready Cash
Probably in no instance has dairying
proved more beneficial. Formerly little
was produced in these mountain dis
tricts that could be marketed for cash.
The cheese industry, however, is bring
ing money into the country. Many
dairy cows also have been brought into
these regions as a result of the market
created for milk, and the coming of
good cows has greatly stimulated the
use of dairy products in these commu
nities.—Weekly News Letter, U. S.
Department of Agriculture.
MILLIONS FOR ROCHESTER
George Eastman and the General Ed
ucation Board have given the Univer
sity of Rochester, New York, a $9,000,-
000 School of Medicine, Surgery and
Dentistry. Of this sum the General
Education Board givers $5,000,000 and
Mr. Eastman $4,000,000. This is in ad
dition to the Rochester Dental Dispen
sary which Mr. Eastman recently built
and endowed with $1,500,000.
The new school will contain the most
modern laboratories for the study of
anatomy, physiology and pathology and
a teaching hospital containing 250 beds.
This hospital will be.to the medical school
what the dispensary will be "to the den
tal school.
Dr. Rush Rhees, President of the
University of Rochester; Dr. Abraham
Flexner, Secretary of the General Edu
cation Board, which was founded and
endowed by John D. Rockefeller, and
Mr. Eastman made public the details of
the beneficent plan. Said Dr. Rhees:
“In all the development of this pro
ject, the greatest possible assistance
has been derived from the counsel cor
dially and generously given by Dr. Flex
ner, who is recognized both here and
abroad as one of the best informed men
on the present condition and needs of
medical education throughout the
world.’’
Mr. Eastman’s other gifts to the Uni
versity of Rochester include a $4,500,000
school of music, the only one of its kind
in the world; the Eastman scientific
laboratories, $600,000 to the endowment
raised in 1913 and $100,000 to fhe Vic
tory fund.—New York World.
MANUFACTURERS ASK WHY
Manufacturers are beginning to ask
why the schools keep themselves so
much apart from the other educative
forces of the community; why they do
not cooperate with the parents, the in
dustries, the civic life in general, using
them as aids, as laboratories, as co
teachers, in the upbringing of boys and
girls.
There are several ways in which the
school and industry can get together
for mutual and immeasurably important
help. The school can use the factory,
the farm, the office or the store as a lab
oratory in which, under proper super
vision and safeguards, the boys and girls
may get that acquaintance with real
things which it is impossible to give in
the schools. Impossible just because
the air of reality is lacking in the school,
and secondly, because no community can
afford to fit up in its school buildings
those complete industrial and commer
cial plants or to surround the school
buildings with extent and variety of
agriculture which, in most communities,
are to be found, within a reasonable dis
tance of the school buildings, in the fac
tories, stores and farms which are them
selves the economic heart of the com
munity.
Another way in which the school and
industry can cooperate is by using the
former as an adjunct to the factory,
the store and the farm, opening its fa
cilities by day and night to those boys
and girls, men and women, who have
had to go to work at an early age, or
for one reason or another have been de
nied proper schooling; or who, having
their ambition aroused as they get into
the thick of earning a living, desire sys
tematic training for higher economic
seryice.
A third way in which the school and
industry can cooperate is by definitely
dividing the work of educating the boy
or girl during certain adolescent years,
the pupil spending half his time in school
and half his time in remunerative in
dustry, the so-called practical work in
the shop, store or farm being illumina
ted by the theory taught in the school,
and the theoretical studies of the school
being given life and meaning by the
practical work of industry.—J. P. Mun-
roe, in The University of Virginia News
Letter.
HOSPITAL FACILITIES IN THE U S.
Based on figures in The Modern Hospital, October 1919. The states ranked
according to the number of inhabitants per hospital bed.
Department of Rural Social Science
University of North Carolina
Rank. State
Pop. per bed
Rank. State
Pop. per bed
1.
Massachusetts...
84
25.
Nebraska
2.
California
97
26.
Missouri
3.
Arizona
101
27.
Maine
3.
New York
101
28.
South Dakota
'.. 193
6.
Maryland
■ 104
29.
Deiaware
6.
Montana
105
30.
Kansas
iqe;
7.
Nevada
112
31.
Utah....
9nc
7.
New Mexico
112
32.
Virginia
9.
Connecticut ....
119
33.
Idaho
10.
Illinois
129
34.
North Dakota ....
11.
Colorado
36.
West Virginia....
948
11.
Minnesota
36.
Kentucky
13.
Wisconsin
132
37.
Louisiana
14.
New Hampshire .
134
38.
Tennessee
16.
Iowa
135
39.
Florida
15.
Oregon
136
40.
Texas
17.
Rhode Island ....
145
41.
Indiana
18.
New Jersey
147
42.
Arkansas
19.
Ohio
148
43.
Georgia
19.
Vermont
'... 148
43.
Mississippi
21.
W ashington :
150
45.
South Carolina ..
22.
Pennsylvania ....
161,
46.
Alabama
23.
Wyoming
159
47.
(Sjdahoma
24,
Michigan
162
48.
North Carolina...
Hi
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