The news in this pubfica-
on is released lor the press on
ceipt.
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
NEWS LETTER
Published weekly by the
University of North Carolina
for its Bureau of Extension.
JGUST 4, 1920
CHAPEL HILL, N. C.
VOL VI, NO. 37
liorial Board i. Bu C. Branson. L. R. Wilson, E, W, Knight, D. D. Carroll, J. B. Bullitt.
Entered as second-class matter November 14,1914, at the PostoffLoe at Chapel Hill, N. C., under the act of August 34, 1913
THE STATE AND COUNTY COUNCIL
ARM HOME CONVENIENCES
Nearly ten thousand typical farm
mes in the thirty-three states of the
rth and west have recently been sur-
:yed by the federal department of agri-
ilture in cooperation with the exten-
an service of the agricultural colleges
id departments of agriculture of these
irious states. See the Weekly News
jtter, June 30, 1920, of the U. S. De-
irtment of Agriculture. No reports
ive yet been given to the public in
gard to the farm homes of the fif-
en southern states.
As we consider the country home com-
rts and conveniences of the farm-
ives of the north and west, we find
irselves wondering how many counties
North Carolina can make such a show-
g-
The details are as follows for the
1,000 country homes surveyed:
ireened doors and windows...95 percent
unning water in barns 48 percent
unning water in homes.. . . 32 percent
athrooms and tubs 20 percent
idoor toilets 10 percent
^ashing machines 67 percent
itchen sinks and drains — 60 percent
ousehold power-appliances..22 percent
acuum cleaners 24 percent
arpet sweepers 47 percent
ewing machines -. .. 96 percent
ighting systems 21 percent
as or electric irons 26 percent
elephones 72 percent
utomobiles 62 percent
6.91
2.95
5.70
11.95
13.91
The Case of Carolina
Presumably we shall have at some
irly date similar figures for country
ame comforts and conveniences in the
fteen southern states. Countryside
arolina is making- tremendous gains
Milking an average of six
cows 36 percent
Washing milk pails 88 percent
Washing cream separators...65 percent
Family wash done at home. ..96 percent
No washing machines 43 percent
Cleaning kerosene lamps .. 79 percent
Working vegetable and flower
gardens . 66 percent
Bedding and feeding stock ...25 percent
Field work, average of 6 weeks 24 percent
Having poultry money 22 percent
Having egg money 16 percent
Having butter money 11 percent
Nearest high school, average
miles
Nearest church, av. miles ...
Nearest doctor, av. miles....
Nearest trained nurse, av. mi.
Nearest hospital, av. miles
A long, hard work-day for the farm
woman in the north and west! If we
have fewer country home comforts and
conveniences in the south, then the lot
of the southern farmwife is hard enough
in all conscience to wring the heart of
the most unfeeling farmer in the cotton
and tobacco belt.
Our farmers are not yet rich, but they
are rich enough to equip their homes
with labor-saving devices and stop an
appalling waste of woman power in the
countryside.
And they can have, free of charge,
the engineering advice of the Bureau
of Country Home Conveniences at the
University, by writing to Prof. P. H.
Daggett, director. Chapel Hill, N. C.
Already this unique university bureau
has served 144 farm homes in some 70
counties of the state. But 300,000 farm
ers need such service, and a state ap
propriation of $6,000 a year does not go
far towards supporting state-wide as-
MEN TO MAKE A STATE
George Washington Doane
The men, to make a state, must
be brave men.
I mean men that walk with open
face and unprotected breast. I mean
the men that do, but do not talk. I
mean the men that dare to stand
alone. I mean the men that are to
day where they were yesterday, and
will be there tomorrow. I mean the
men that can stand still and take the
storm. I mean the men that are
afraid to kill, but not afraid to die.
The man that calls hard names and
uses threats; the man that stabs in
secret, with his tongue or with his
pen; the man that moves a mob to
deeds of violence and self-destruc
tion; the man that freely offers his
last drop of blood, but never sheds
the first—these are not the men to
make a state. —Masseling’s Ideals
of Heroism and Patriotism.
le last few years in the home and farm sistance to eighteen hundred thousand
ppliances of modern life. The Farm country people,
ixtension Service of the state reports | _____
early 600 washing machines installed
STATE AND COUNTY COUNCIL
I country homes during the year end-
[g June 30, 1919, nearly 700 water sys-
;ms, nearly 2,500 lighting systems,
lore than 6,000 new country telephone
^sterns, and nearly 7,000 country homes
ereened.
It is a great record for the 300 field
gents of our Farm Extension Service.
But there are 300 thousand farm , , , ^ -i
omesin North Carolina. Two-thirds I The speakers on the general Council
four white farmers and one-third of program as so far outlined are Governor
live in their own Thomas W. Bickett, Dr. E. C. Brooks,
Hon. R. D. W. Connor, Hon. T. M.
i The second session of the State and
County Council opens on Tuesday even
ing, August 17, at 8:30 o’clock in Ger-
rard Hall on the State University Cam-
' pus. Governor Thomas W. Bickett pre
siding, and closes on Thursday evening
the 19th.
Needs in State and County Relationships
and How These can be Met, by various
students of the subject in public life in
North Carolina—HonorablesH. A. Page,
D. G. Brummitt, W. C. Jones, Victor
S. Bryant, J. H. Matthews, J. H. Pratt,
Walter Murphy, George A. Hqlderness,
R. S. McCoin, and others.
Reports of Committees on Resolutions
and Proposed Program of Federation: dis
cussion and adoption, Thursday 4 p. m.
Abundant music, recreation, and mo
tion pictures have been provided for the
day and night sessions and the intervals
between.
Community songs, story-telling, plays
and games, under the Davie poplar each
evening at 7:00 o’clock.
Tennis courts, swimming pool, shower
baths, and athletic grounds freely open
to guests.
Exhibit of Country Home Conven
iences, 3:00 to 4:00 p. m. each day, in
the University Power House, by the
University Extension Bureau, Prof. P.
H. Daggett, Division director.
Room for only 400 guests in the Uni
versity dormitories and mess hall. Rates
$2.00 a day. Apply to C. T. Woollen,
business manager. Chapel Hill, N. C.
COUNTRY HOME CONVENIENCES
LETTER SERIES No. 21
HOW ONE FARMER MADE ENDS MEET
A certain farmer in Ohio found him
self unable to make ends meet. He
had fertile soil, good drainage and fa
vorable climate but his trouble was
lack of labor. In order to run his farm
properly he needed two good hired men
at work all the time. It was never an
easy matter to get them and keep them
continually on the job. In fact as the
demand for men increased this became
impossible and he had to be content
with second-rate men and often had to
get along as best he could alone.
Naturally his work suffered and his
income fell off. His cattle were.jie-
glected and he had less produce to sell
on the market. Meanwhile his expenses
increased.
At this juncture help arrived in the
shape of a representative of the Elec
tric Light Company of the neighboring
town, who pointed out that electricity
could be used in place of human labor.
“Let me look around a little,” said
the electrical man when the farmer had
finished his story. “Labor shortage
won’t worry you if we can make elec
tricity your hired man.”
He spent several hours making a
study of the farm and then returned to
report.
‘ ‘Your biggest job, ’ ’ he said, ‘ ‘is milk
ing the cows. You need more men for
that than for any other work, so it is
here that electricity can help you most.
I also saw several hand-operated dairy
machines which you use every day. Elec
tricity will take care of them too.”
“We will run wires from our lines to
your farm so that you can get electric
light and power. Then we will install
a milking machine operated by an elec
tric motor. This will enable one man
to do the milking in less time than it
now takes three persons to do it by
hand. Your cream separator, churn,
and other machines will be belted to a
line shaft and all of them driven by a
second motor. A young woman can
handle that part of the work.”
“But how much will all this cost?”
asked the farmer.
“Less than your first year’s savings
in wages,” said the electric man.
The farmer consented and electricity
was put to work. Things went better
at once and it was not long until his
troubles were at an end. Motors were
more consistent than men and they at
tracted a better class of hired help.
Soon every farmhand in his neighbor
hood wanted to work for him and he
had no trouble in keeping one good man,
which was all he needed.
Best of all, the cost of operating the
motors was small—never over ten dol
lars a month.
This story of the wise Ohio farmer
is told in a bulletin of one of the large
electrical manufacturing companies. It
is typical of what happens when the
sleepless, eatless, strikeless laborer—
electricity, is given a chance.
versity of Wisconsin. Class instruction
daily; 6 illustrated evening lectures.
2. Community Sings—Prof. Paul John
Weaver, director of music. University
of North Carolina.
3. Story-telling, Plays and Games— u t j n t u ^ jo..,
Miss Henriette Masseling, story special- ^0 each, Iredell, Johnston, and Stanly,
the lead with 110 students. Other lead
ers are Guilford, which sent 32 students,
Mecklenburg 30, Sampson 30, Rowan
29, Alamance 28, Wake 24, Forsyth 23,
Carteret 23, Durham 22, Wayne 21,
Pitt, Gaston, Beaufort, and Catawba,
ur negro farmers live m their own
omes. These home-owning farmers
umber nearly 150 thousand, all told.
Lnd these are the farmers ^o might
le equipping their homes with modern
onveniences of power, light, and water.
But at the rate they are now moving
t will take 22 years to screeij, these
50,000 farm homes, 30 years to equip
hem with telephones, 60 years to expel
:erosene lamps and install lighting sys-
;ems, 216 years to install water sys-
;ems, and 300 years to equip them with
vashing machines. And in this count
Pittman, Dr. Howard W. Odum, Dr.
Amos W. Butler, the state superinten
dent of public welfare of Indiana; and
Hon. Bainbridge Colby, the present
Secretary of State, Secretary D. F.
Houston of the Treasury, and Senator
Carter Glass. Invitations are in the
mails for other distinguished speak-
: ers. The program in definite final de-
I tail will appear in the University News
Letter, August 11.
I The problem that the Council has this
A STATE-WIDE LAW NEEDED
ve leave out the homes of 150 thousand year set itself to work at is: The Federa-
offer a still more
household better-
’arm tenants, who
lifficult problem of
nent.
All of which means that we have
rtardly yet begun to solve the problem
tion of the Public Welfare Forces of the
Commonwealth, State and County. Coun
cil discussions are therefore focused up
on the three phases of this subject:
1. A State Plan of Federated Service,
of country home comforts and conven- ^ Wednesday 10 a. m. Opening address
iences in North Carolina, and that the by Governor T. W. Bickett, followed
campaign of education, stimulation, and by 15-minute speeches by the heads of
expert engineering guidance, is a job' state departments, commissions, and
big enough forthefarmextensionservice, j bureaus on What can each contribute to
the state college of agriculture and en-1 a program of mutual helpfulness and in
creased effectiveness in serving the people
gineering, the state highway commis-1
sion, and the state university combined.
But the campaign calls for many thous
ands instead of the few thousand dol
lars the state is giving for this purpose
to the Farm Extension Service and
the S^ate Highway Commission.
The Farmwife’s Day
With all the comforts of these 10,000
farm homes, the lot of the farmwife
in the north and west is hard. The de
tails of the federal survey give us an
intimate look into the farm woman’s
work-day in these areas of country pros-
perfty.
Up at 5 o’clock in the morn-
png 50 percent
Summer work-day, hours 13.12
Winter work-day, hours 10.2
Vacation days 11
Building fires 64 percent
^^ding poultry, average
iBLflfick 90 percent
of North Carolina.
2. A County Plan of Federated Service,
Wednesday 4 p. m. Opening address
by Dr. Howard W. Odum, formerly
dean of the college of liberal arts,
Emory University, Atlanta, who now
heads the department of Social Science
at the University of North Carolina;
followed by county otficials busy with
public finance, public schools, public
welfare, public health, public highways,
and public safety, community organiza
tion and recreation, farming and farm
homes, in 10-minute speeches on a Joint
Program of County Service.
3. The Coordination of State and Coun
ty Forces in Serving the Public, Thursday
10 a. m.: (1) The North Carolina County
in History, by Hon. R. D. W. Connor,
(2) The North Carolina County in Law
and Practice, by Hon. T. M. Pittman,
and (3) An Open Forum on Present Day
North Carolina, especially the east
ern section of our state, is laboring
under some very serious handicaps.
Hookworm, malaria, and the cattle tick
are retarding the progress and develop
ment of this great state and these evils
should be banished without quibbling
and further delay. This great state
should be made clean. A state-wide
law is the only cure for the cattle tick
menace and such constructive legisla
tion should be put into effect at once, as
in South Carolina, Mississippi, Georgia,
Alabama, and other infected southern
states. A state-wide law completely
banished this abominable pest, the cat
tle tick, from our sister states. The
result is, that those states have develop
ed rapidly in the livestock industry and
are no longer dependent on western
states for their meat supply, lard, but
ter, cheese, milk, and cream. The is
sue is clearly drawn between scrubby
cattle with the cattle tick and pure-bred
livestock with no cattle tick.
The hour is at hand when North Ca
rolina must take cognizance of existing
evils and banish them from our midst.
As statesman and member of the Gen
eral Assembly, we respectfully invite
your attention and your support in the
movement for state-wide tick eradica
tion, which will mean more and better
livestock, more butter, cheese, lard,
milk, and cream for our babies and our
grown-ups.-N. C. Landowners Associ
ation.
ist, Atlanta city schools.
4. Educational Uses of the Phono
graph.
6. Country Home Comforts and Con
veniences—Prof. P. H. Daggett, Uni
versity of North Carolina, and Mr. R.
K. White, Delco Light Sales School,
Dayton, Ohio.
6. Community Organization — Prof.
A. H. Burnett, School of Public Wel
fare, University of North Carolina, and
Dr. H. W. Odum, Kenan professor of
sociology. University of North Carolina.
7. Country Community Problems—
Prof. W. C. Crosby, director State Com
munity Service Bureau, and E. C. Bran
son, Kenan professor of rural social
science. University of North Carolina.
Abundant music, recreation, and mo
tion pictures have been provided for
the day and night sessions and the in
tervals between.
Community sings, story-telling, plays
and games, under the Davie Poplar each
evening at 7:00 o’clock.
Tennis courts, swimming pool, shower
baths, and athletic grounds freely open
to guests.
Exhibit of Country Home Conven
iences, 3:00 to 4:00 p. m. each day, in
] the University Power House, by the
' University Extension Bureau, Prof. P.
H. Daggett, Division director.
I The field agents of the State Commu-
j nity Service Bureau will all be present,
some 40 all told.
There are many people in North Ca
rolina who are interested in Community
Problems. They are cordially invited
to be present.
Rates in the University dormitories
and mess hall, $2.00 a day. Apply to
C. T. Woollen, business manager. Chapel
Hill, N. C.
COMMUNITY SERVICE SCHOOL
Ten days of class instruction and
demonstrations at the University of
North Carolina, August 10-20, under
the direction of W. C. Crosby, director
of the Community Service Bureau, State
Department of Education.
1. Mass Education through Visual
Instruction—Dr. W. H. Dudley, Uni-
THE SUMMER SCHOOL
When the summer school at the Uni
versity of North Carolina closes next
week, out-going trains from Chapel
Hill will carry at least one of the 1,192
students to every county in' the state
except five which are hidden behind the
Blue Ridge—the counties of Ashe, Gra
ham, Mitchell, Swain, and Watauga.
The announcement comes from the of
fice of Dr. T. J. Wilson, Jr., registrar.
Every other one of the remaining 96
counties is represented, with Orange,
whose own summer school is a part of
the University summer school, away in
18 each.
Forty-five students are studying law
and 1,147 are in the summer school
proper making the largest number of
students that has ever been in Chapel
Hill in the summer. Women are far in
the lead over men, with 828 to a mere
319. Seven hundred fifty-six have taught
before and 161 are preparing to teach.
Four hundred thirty-six are taking col
lege credit work.
The Methodists and Baptists as usual
are far in the lead of the other religious
groups, the Methodists leading with
416, the Baptists second with 328, the
Presbyterians third with 176, the Epis
copalians fourth with 67. The remain
der are scattered among a dozen denom
inations, including Christians, Luther
ans, Friends, Disciples, Reformed,
Jews, Roman Catholics, Congregation-
alists, Unitarians, Universalists, Mo
ravians, Adventists, and Christian Sci
entists.
Students of the University make up
the largest single group from any in
stitution, 218 strong (mostly men tak
ing college work in an effort to make
up lost time or to finish their college
course quickly). North Carolina Col
lege for Women sent the biggest dele
gation of any woman’s institution, 125,
followed by the East Carolina Teachers’
Training School with 40, Meredith,
Greensboro College for Women, and
Guilford with 28 each. Flora MacDon
ald with 27, Trinity with 26, Elon with
22, and Wake Forest with 15. Some
fifty-odd institutions are represented
in all.
Last year the attendance at the sum
mer school was 922, but the largest pre
vious attendance was in 1916, a pre-war
year, when 1,052 were on the Hill. The
present attendance breaks the summer
record. The winter record has already
been broken by the 1406 students who
were here in 1919-1920. Combining all
students, winter and summer, since
September 1919, less than a year ago,
the total is 2,598, with probably several
hundred duplications, which would re
duce the net total to something like
2,300.
Director N. W. Walker of the sum
mer school is authority for the state
ment that more than 300 students were
refused admittance to the summer
school because no room could be found
for them, either in college dormitories
or in town.—Lenoir Chambers.