The news in this publi
cation is released for the
press on receipt.
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
NEWS LETTER
Published Weekly by the
University of North Caro
lina for its University Ex
tension Division.
JULY 5. 1922
CHAPEL HILL, N. C.
VOL. Vm, NO. 33
Editorial Board i B. C. Branson, S. H. Hobbs, Jr., L. B. Wilson, E. W. Knixht. D. D. Carroll, J. B. Bnllltt, H. W. Odum. Entered aa second-class matter November 14.1914, at the PostofHce at Chapel Hill, N, C., under the act of August 24,1912.
CAROLINA COLLEGE STUDENTS
CAHOLINA’S RANK IS LOW
Seven thousand seven hundred twenty
North Carolina students of college
grade were in the colleges, universities,
and professional schools of the United
States in 1920-21, and this total does
not include the students in teacher
training schools and in separate or in
dependent theological schools. Eight
een hundred forty-five of these Caro
lina students were attending institutions
in other states.
These arte the figures of George F.
Zook, specialist in Higher Education in
the Federal Bureau of Education, who
has been checking the names of college
students by states in the college cata
logues of the country.
For every 3-32 inhabitants in North
Carolina there was one Carolina student
in college in 1920-21, in the home state
or in some other state. Thirty-six
states made a better showing. See the
table elsewhere.
In 1896-7 it took 987 inhabitants in
North Carolina to furnish one college
student. In proportion to population.
North Carolina students of college
grade have nearly exactly trebled in
number during the last quarter century.
While the population of the state was
being multiplied by two, her students
of college grade were being multiplied
by three. Which means that the state
is gaining in college culture—not sud
denly, but slowly and surely.
How Other States Rank
The state that makes the best show
ing is Oregon, where there is one col
lege student for every 112 inhabitants,
against 332 in North Carolina.
If North Carolina believed in college
culture as Oregon does, we should have
twenty-three thousand students in col
lege instead of less than eight thousand.
If wte believed in college culture as
Kansas and Nebraska do, we should
have sixteen thousand students in
schools of college grade.
The state that makes the poorest
showing is Tennessee, where it takes
604 inhabitants to furnish one student
of college grade.
Fourth in the South
Naturally the South lags behind, be
cause of the large ratios of negroes in
the various states. There are large
numbers of negroes in Oklahoma, South
Carolina, and Virginia, nevertheless
these three southern states make a hot
ter showing than North Carolina.
How we rank in the South appears
in the following table showing the num
ber of inhabitants per college student
in 1920-21.
1 Oklahoma 264
2 South Carolina 270
3 Virginia
4 North Carolina 332
5 Mississippi 346
6 Texas -
7 Florida
8 Louisiana
9 Alabama
10 Georgia
11 Kentucky ^^8
12 Arkansas
13 Tennessee
Fourth in the South and thirty-sev
enth in the Union is North Carolina’s
rank in college culture. We have done
well of late years, but we must do still
better in the years ahead.
The California Way
A recent summer in California brought
us to a keen realization of the distance
North Carolina must go in order to
catch up with a state that is near the
top in college culture.
For instance, we found 14,000 stu
dents of college grade in the Univer
sity of California, or 3,000 students
more in the State University alone than
we had in the thirty-one state and de
nominational colleges of North Carolina
all put together. The white population
of California is almost exactly twice
that of North Carolina,, but the stu
dents in the University of California
are more than four times the combined
enrollment of the University of North
Carolina, the State College of Agricul
ture;. and 1 engineering, and the State
College for Women.
Upon looking about for, an explana
tion we found that eighty percent of
the elementary school graduates of
California go on into the high schools,
and that ninety percent of the high-
school graduates go on into the colleges
and universities of the state; that a tax
rate of three dollars a hundred for pub
lic schools alone was common the whole
state over; that million-dollar high-
school buildings were commonplace;
that a local polytechnic high-school
plant here and there represented a
larger investment on part of some small
city than the whole state of North Ca
rolina has yet been wUling to invest in
her University.
California believes in college culture
free for all, and is willing to pay for it.
She spent for this purpose in univer
sity appropriations for current expenses
in 1920-21 ninety-three cents per white
inhabitant. The same year North Caro
lina spent 'thirty-two cents per white
inhabitant to support her three state
institutions of liberal learning and tech
nical training.
The Carolina Way
As the common schools and high
schools increase in number and efficiency
in California, the demand for college
culture increases. And so it is in North
Carolina. The church colleges and
state colleges of No^th Carolina will
need to double their capacity and quad
ruple their equipments and facilities
within the next five years, so rapid is
the recent progress of our public ele
mentary and secondary schools.
There is no escape from the dilemma,
except to dismantle the common schools
and high schools of the state, and thus
to blow out the light in the brains of
the youth of North Carolina.
Who is willing to do it? No lover of
his fellow man,'it is safe to say.
Having put her hand to the plow,
North Carolina will not look back. She
is slow to start, but almighty hard to
stop-that’s her reputation at home
and abroad. The people of North Ca
rolina mean to build a great common
wealth on improved public education,
improved public health, and improved
public highways. They know at last
that a great state cannot be founded on
mud, disease, and ignorance, and they
are so clearly convinced of it that they
run over tight-fisted taxpayers and
loose-jointed demagogues with little
ceremony these days.
That statesman will live longest in
the history of North Carolina who dares
to go furthest for public education,
public health, and public highways.
The pages of history are strewn thick
with the wreck of parties, but history
has yet to record a party wrecked by
appropriations for education, health,
and highways.
GOVERNOR MORRISON DARES
Ninety-seven cents of every dollar
paid into the treasury of North Caro
lina goes to some great governmental
purpose, says Governor Morrison, and
only three cents of it goes to the cost
of administrati,on. No private business
in the world is run upon such a small
overhead cost, and no other state gov
ernment in the Union is conducted at
such a small overhead or administra
tion expense.
We must realize that taxation in the
town, county, and state largely goes to
the education of our children, the pro
tection of our health, the building of
our roads, the improvement of agricul
ture and other business, and the doing
of things without which we cannot be a
strong and successful people, and that
what we cannot do for ourselves indi
vidually must be done by collective
action through the state and its sub-di
visions.
The curse of North Carolina through
the ages has been unwillingness to
spend money in necessary development
of the natural resources of the state,
and in training and making efficient'
the great mass’ of the people. For
many decades we were hewers of wood
and drawers of water for the better
trained and more efficient sections of
our own country and of the world.
What We Pay Taxes For
The true way to reduce taxation is to
educate the youth of the state, not only
culturally but technically, pd to make
them more efficient in industry and
varied in capacity to create wealth, m
(■Released week beginning July 3)
KNOW NORTH CAROLINA
Our Greatest Fault
When one hears what other "Sec
tions are facing, we North Carolin
ians should be well satisfied. In or
der that we may not be too compla
cent I suggest, however,' that we
discuss what is perhaps our greatest
fault—namely, the wasteful habit of
allowing our property to deteriorate
for want of cleaning and care.
Our livestock feed too many lice
for want of cleaning and care.
Our Fords and other automobiles
last but a season or two for want of
cleaning and care.
Our fields that we have cleared
and fertilized are allowed to wash.
Our buildings get dirty, are al
lowed to decay, and the painting is
neglected.
Let me paint you a picture. In a
growing city the largest hotel is
thirty years old. Its replacement
value is $200,000. It needs painting
inside and out, the steps and porch
are out of plumb, the carpets are
worn, the furniture needs repair and
varnishing, and the only cleaning
that it has received since this hotel
was built is an occasional “wiping
over”, sometimes a dry wiping,
sometimes a wet one, but there is
no favoritism shown. A dirty spot
receives no more attention than a
clean one.
, Then comes the demand for a mod
ern hotel. The $200,000 investment
is scrapped and a $300,000 building
of about the same size is substituted.
The cost is therefore $500,000, not
$^00,000, but until it has time to get
dirty and show wear, everyone is
happy in spite of the fact that the
hotels are still overcrowded.
What was needed were new rugs,
more bathrooms, som6 paint, varnish,
plaster, and lumber, but above all,
about twelve well-supervised scrub
brushes and another hotel.
In another town the cry is for a
court-house or a bank, with the same
resulting waste, due largely to laek-
of scrub-brushes and paint.
The most popular hotel in Maine
is one hundred and fifty years old,
has its original furniture and the
people are justly proud of it.
In North Carolina there is a lack
of love, care, and respect for the
old, and, remember, every year adds
beauty to a building, a beauty that
cannot be duplicated by the greatest
artist.
In this state we have built roads
and condemned them because they
wore out from lack of care, and
have been sold a more expensive
construction instead of maintaining
what we had. The old Roman roads
are still excellent but they would
not have lasted ten years without
repair.
We are a wonderfully, successful
people, but aren’t we a bit credulous
—easily convinced that a new thing
will be more perfect, more perma
nent, or more beautiful than the old?
—Leonard Tufts, Pinehurst, N. C.
order that there will be more wealth
created to bear the burden; to take
care of our defective and unfortunate
in order that there may be fewer de
fectives and unfortunates to take care
of; to guard through governmental
agencies the health of the people of
the state; to enforce the law and in
every proper way discountenance vice
and prevent crime. We must have a
mo^dern and up-to-date government, one
which not only does the old-fashioned,
primary things that governments did,
but which realizes that the benefi
cence of government is as truly ex
pressed through the school-house as the
courthouse, and which has intelligence
enough to regard the Sanitary and
Health Officer and the Farm Demon
strator as of equal dignity and impor
tance with the sheriff and policeman.
A modern government organized to do
something for the people more than to
prevent them from robbing and killing
one another will require a greater in
vestment than the old government per
forming only the duties of the judge,
the sheriff^and the coroner, and an in
telligent citizen understands that the
taxes paid for such a government are
the best investment he makes, and will
return a greater yield, if not for him
self certainly for his childfen, than any
he can make individually for them.
Morrison’s Program
The program now being worked out
by the state looks to the care of the
unfortunate and defective; the protec
tion of the health of the people and the
})revention, as far as possible, of de
fectives in the rising generation; the
education of all the children of the
state and a practical efficiency for them
which those who have gone before had
no opportunity to acquire; the building
of a great system of hard surfaced de
pendable state highways; experiments
in scientific agriculture and its exten
sion; the enforcement of the law and
the protection of all business from riot
and disorder.
For the carrying out of this program
no burden will be placed upon anybody
who is'not able to bear it. The revenue
is raised through a system of taxation
that requires men to .^pay according to
their ability. Some effort to stir up
opposition to the program is manifested:
We must be ready for the fight. As
far as I am concerned, if it must come,
I promise unflinching determination in
front of it. The forces of enlighten
ment and progress must not falter.
We must go on. This state must be
developed. ^ The oncoming youth of the
state must be trained and made effi
cient to avoid the poverty and suffering
which we have had to undergo. Victory
for the constructive and progressive
forces of the state does not mean op
pression and burden, it means prosper
ity, strength, and happiness.—Cameron
Morrison, Governor of North Carolina.
do a certain task, and makes you a
Human Being, alive, vibrant, radia
ting.
It makes you Somebody/ not just
Anybody.
Many a mother has realized too late
that she has no hold upon her children
because of her lack of knowledge.
They have grown up and gotten away
from her.
Many a man has risen in the busi
ness world only to be humiliated be
cause he has neglected to acquire that
education which alone would qualify
him to mingle on terms of equality wilh
well-informed people.
In fact, every man or woman who has
neglected an education, bitterly re
grets it sooner or later.
And no living person was ever sorry
that he had secured an education.
There never was an age in the his
tory of the world when it was so true
as it is ncftv that Knowledge is power.
And Knowledge is open to Every
body.
Its gates are unlocked, its door is
unlatched, its road is as free as the
king’s highway.
The only things that prevent any
person from acquiring useful know
ledge are laziness, self-indulgence,
weakness, and procrastination.
Even if you did not get the chance
to go to school, or if you failed to im
prove your opportunity when young,
you can still set out upon the royal
road to Education if you have the will.
And even in the case of those who
are college graduates, the best part of
their education is gotten from their
studies in the ten years after leaving
school.
There is no single thing so essential
to Success, in whatever calling, as
Education.—Dr. Frank Crane.
CRANE AND CULTURE
Culture means intellectual back
ground.
It means accumulated force behind
your stroke.
It means that you are not only capa
ble yourself, but that you know how
to absorb and use the capability of
wiser persons.
It gives you perspective.
It increases your personality.
It strengthens your influence.
It keep? you from settling down to
become a mere cog in the wheel, a
little specialized piece of machinery to
NEBRASKA TAX DODGERS
To force tax dodgers out into the
open, the Nebraska State Farm Bureau
Federation has made arrangements for
representatives in eqch county in the
state to make a copy of the personal
tax returns made by every taxpayer
and to post these lists in conspicuous
places in each district. This plan is
approved by the state tax commis
sioner.—Durham Herald.
A BANK SHOWS THE WAY
The First National Bank of Tarboro)
N. C., has placed on the farms of its
county during the last three years 93
head of purebred Jersey cows at a cost
of $10,000; 25 head of purebred Hamp-.
shire pigs at a cost of $2,500; 125 head
of high-grade sheep at a cost of $2,200;
has sold at wholesale to farmers $5,000
worth of various seed, and distributes
monthly 1,000 copies of farmers’ maga
zines.
COLLEGE ATTENDANCE IN 1920-21
Based on investigations of George F. Zook, Federal Bureau of Education,
Jan. 11, 1922.
Covering (1) students in universities, colleges, and professional schools in
the home state and in all other states, and (2) not including students in Teacher
Training Schools and independent Theological Schools.
N. C. students in college in all states, 7,720, or one student for every 332
inhabitants in North Carolina; state rank 37th. Of this total, 5,875 were attend
ing N. C. colleges, and 1,845 were in colleges in other states.
College students in N. C. numbered 6,902, which number includes 1,027
from other states and countries. In this inter-state exchange, North Carolina
fell behind 818 students.
Department Rural Social Economics, University of North Carolina.
Rank State
College -
Popula-
Rank State
College
Popula-
students
tion per
students
tion per
therefrom
student
therefrom
student
1
Oregon
.. 7,020
112
24
Wisconsin....
..10,603
249
2
Iowa
..18,867
128 ■
26
Pennsylvania
...34,491
253
3
Utah
.. 3,283
137
27
North Dakota
... 2,523
266
4
Kansas
..11,786
151
28
Maine
... 2,966
259
4
Nebraska
.. 8,607
151
29
Oklahoma ....
... 7,709
264
6
Washington
.. 8,780
155
30
South Carolina
.... 6,250
270
7
Nevada
.. 465
167
31
Rhode Island.
... 2,173
279
8
California
..20,481
168
32
Arizona
... 1,174’
284
9
Colorado
.. 6,302
178
33
New Jersey ..
...10,744
294
10
Idaho
.. 2,383
182
34
Virgisia
... 7,296
317
11
Minnesota
..12,983
184
35
D*^lflw»rp
12
Montana
.. 2,972
185
36
West Virginia
... 4,490
326,
13
Indiana
..15,548
189
37
North Carolina.
.., 7,720
332
13
South Dakota ..
.. 3,379
189
38
Mississippi....
... 5,078
346
15
Ohio
..29,617
196
39
Texas
...12,800
865'"
16
Vermont..
.. 1,724
205
40
Florida
... 2,688
374
17
New York
...49,282
211
41
Maryland ....
... 3,402
427
18
Wyoming
.. 906
215
42
Louisiana
... 4,156
433
19
Illinois
..28,887
225
43
Alabama
... 6,299
443
20
New Hampshire
.. 1,865
238
44
Georgia
... 6,078
477
21
Massachusetts..
..16,072
240
45
Kentucky ....
... 4,857
498
22
Missouri
..13,996
244
46
New Mexico..
... 709 '
609
23
Connecticut. ...
.. 5,668
248
47
Arkansas
... 3,094
666
24
Michigan
..14,757
249
48
Tennessee...,.
3,874
604