Newspapers / Elizabeth City State University … / Feb. 1, 1963, edition 1 / Page 4
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PAGE FOUR THE COMPASS FEBRUARY. 1963 Dynamics of Foreign Policy As a leader of the free world, this nation, more often than desirable, is involved in a crisis situation. The last crisis directly involving the U.S. was the Cuban. Actually, this was (I might say “is,” for it is not yet com pletely ended) not a US-Cuban affair, but rather a US-Soviet affair. Cuba was the pawn. Now that the crisis has subsided, students of government and inter national relations busy themselves in an effort to analyze the various factors and make conclusions or hy potheses that may be useful in similar situations. The requirements of the changing world situation necessitate revision in our foreign policy-making process. An interesting development was reported in the Virginian-Pilot a few days ago regarding the decision making process employed by Presi dent Kennedy in dealing wqth the Cuban crisis. In order to expedite the formulation of a policy, the President set up a “Crisis Committee.” The composition of this committee cut across various agencies of the government including the Cabinet, the executive office, and certain diplomatic and intelligence experts. According to the Virginian- Pilot, the following men compose the Committee; Dean Rusk, Secretary of State; Robert McNamara, Secretary of Defense; C. Douglas Dillion, Sec retary of Treasury; Robert Kennedy, Attorney-General, brother and per sonal adviser to the President; Lyndon B. Johnson, Vice-President; General Maxwell D. Taylor, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; John McCane, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency; George Ball, Undersecretary of State; Roswell Gilpatric, Deputy Secretary of Defense; Theodore Soren sen, White House Counsel and speech writer; McGeorge Bundy, Presidential Assistant for National Security Af fairs; and Llewellyn Thompson, form er Ambassador to Russia, and pre sently an adviser to the President on Russia. These men represented the core of the Committee; others were called in from time to time as the situation dictated. Included in the information- providing group were: Adlai E Steven son, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations; Edwin H. Martin, Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs; Paul Nitze, Assistant Secre tary of Defense; Dean Acheson, for mer Secretary of State; U. Alexis Johnson, Deputy Undersecretary of State and Edward R. Murrow, Direc tor of U.S. Information Agency. The salient characteristic of the composition of this committee is that it represents a considerable deviation on the part of the President from previous policy-formulating machin ery. Herein lies its importance, for it may foreshadow some future develop ment in foreign policy-making. The extent to which a President depends upon his advisers is ultimately determined by him. The Constitution of the United States does not stipu late that the President must have a Cabinet and that he must seek advice on our national security. However, some Presidents have favored holding regular, full Cabinet meetings. Mr. Kennedy has preferred to call in for consultation only those that are con cerned with a given issue. For, ex ample, he does not believe it to be necessary to call in Mr. Day, the Postmaster General, when he wants to discuss national security problems with Mr. Rusk, Mr. McNamara, and Mr. Dillion. Similarly, the President early in his administration decided against reg ular consultation with the National Security Council. This is the body one would have expected the Presi dent to consult during the Cuban crisis. Out of a need, even before World War II, to correlate our foreign policy with our economic and military capa bilities emerged the National Security Council. Created in 1947 by the Na tional Security Act, it has been re ferred to as “one of the most power ful and most secret of all govern mental agencies, and one of the chiet shapers of foreign policy.” Its com position differs considerably from that of the Crisis Committee. Statu tory members are the President, Vice- I'resident, Secretary of State, Secre tary of Defense, and the Director of the Office of Civil and Defense Mo- binzation. However, in actual practice [he {'resident has found it expedient to go beyon the Statutory members. In addition are the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Director of Central intelligence who serve as advisers. The Secretary of Treasury, Director of the Bureau of the Budget. At torney General, Director of USIA and the Presidential assistant for National Security affairs have at times been invited. Presidents Truman and Eisenhower used the National Security extensive ly. It has been said that the NSC emerged during the Eisenhower Ad ministration “as a mechanism of the executive branch of the Federal Gov ernment for advising the President on matters of high policy equal in im portance to those of the Cabinet.” To my knowledge, it has attained a comparable status in the Kennedy Administration. Instead, as observed in the Cuban Crisis, while the NSC still functioned, the Committee which differs widely from the NSC seems to have been cast in the leading role. What then are the advantages of a Committee of the sort used by Ken nedy over the Cabinet and the NSC? First, the President need call in only those Cabinet members directly in volved, leaving free those that are not involved. At the same time, the size of the Committee is reduced, permitting a freer exchange of ideas. Second, the Committee should pro vide the President with broader ideas than he would get from regular Cabinet members who would tend to function within the legal limits of their departments. Third, the President is provided with information by experts on the area under dis cussion; eg. Martin, the Assistant Sec retary of State for Inter-American Affairs. Fourth, the presence of deputies and assistants of the depart ments makes available to the Presi dent more detailed information than could be rendered by the “Heads.” Inasmuch as the President was so pleased with the function of his Crisis Committee, it is highly possible that it will assume many of the re sponsibilities concerning national security affairs that have heretofore been exercised by the Cabinet and NSC. However, it is too early to say with any degree of certainty, especial ly at this disadvantaged point from the White House. One can only careful ly observe whether Mr. Kennedy will tend to rely increasingly on the Com mittee rather than to reinstate the Cabinet and the NSC to the position each had under Truman and Eisehow- er. That is his prerogative, for the Cabinet and the NSC are instruments that he may use as he so desires. Just as the changing character of diplomacy and war necessitated a major reorganization of the foreign policy-making process after the World War I, its further change probably demands at least a modification, if not a complete reorganization. Inter national politics is a dynamic insti tution; the foreign-policy making pro cess must also be dynamic. —Reuben A. Braxton Instructor-Social Science Miss Hollowell (Continued from Page I) a member of the faculty in the De partment of English, and Director of Publications; and Miss Jean Row lett, a sophomore of Chester, Vir ginia, who is Co-Chairman of the Lighthouse Forum Committee. Pictures, brochures, catalogues, and other item pertaining to the history of the College were on display. Program of Music Appreciation Presented “The Evensong,” a program under the direction of Committee of Or ganists and Pianists, was held in Moore Hall Auditorium recently with more than one hundred students in attendance. Wilson Bryant was narrator. The selections played included Tchai kovsky’s “March Slave,” Debussy’s “Clair de Lune” and H a n d e I’s “Amen.” Leonard Slade introduced a selection that had been requested by a number of music students “Over ture Solenelle 1812.” “The Evensong” will continue once a month and will include musical selections that will aid in the de velopment of appreciation for the higher values. It will last from thirty to forty-five minutes. Returned After 6 Years Students are constantly reminded to return books to the library. This is necessary in order that they may be available to all students. A book may be easily damaged or lost due to improper care. Mr. Thompson, head librarian, revealed an interesting case of a lost book. General Education in the Social Studies was returned to the G. R. Little Library by the University of California Library. How this book reached the University of California remains a mystery. The last date on the card shows that the book was due in the G. R. Little Library of ECSTC on March 20, 1956. Record Attendance (Continued from Page I) Extra-Curricular Activities,” respec tively. Two sophomores who had the highest averages as freshmen in 1961- 62 were introduced to the visitors. They are Mary Mizelle of Ahoskie, N.C., 3.85; and Otha Sydnor of Phila delphia, Pa., 3.82. The visitors were entertained with music provided by the College Choir. They were also entertained by a scene from the production, “The Match maker,” by the College Players. The morning program was concluded with a tour through the major departments, a visit to the Lighthouse College Center, and lunch in Lane Dining Hall. From 1:00 to 2:00 p.m., prior to the basketball game between the Maryland State “Hawks” and the Elizabeth City “Pirates,” the visitors enjoyed music given by the College Band. During the half-time of the game, the College Dance Group gave a performance. The game with the score 68 to 63 in favor of the “PI RATES,” ended the day’s activities. WITH THE Omega News The men of Lambda Gamma Chap-1 ter of the Omega Psi Phi Fraternity got off to a good First of all, the Omegas dedicated themselves to the dynamic force of scholarship. The result of this is to be exemplified in the increased number of brothers who are honor students. Secondly, four aspiring young men were initiated into the Lampodas Club during the past semester. These fellows are: James H. Jackson, Wilson Goode, Andrew Littlejoin, and James Slade. The Omegas extend sincere con gratulations to all students who ex celled academically last semester, and to those who failed, words of en couragement. Band Presents Annual Concert The forty-member band of Eli zabeth City State Teachers College, under the direction of Mr. William H. Ryder, gave its annual winter concert in Moore Hall auditorium on January 16. The program consisted of a variety of musical selections from the early sixteenth century such as “Toccota” by Frescobaldi-S 1 o c u m; “Trumpet Voluntary”-Purell-Clark-Cray; and “If Thou Be Near,” by Bach; as well as a variety of selections from contem porary band literature; “Music for a Carnival”—G 1 a r e Gundman; “Be- guine for Band”—Dale W. Eymann; and “Proud Heritage” by William P. Lathan which closed the program. Wright Elected to MPTE Roosevelt R. Wright, Jr., a member of the Junior class at Elizabeth City State Teachers College, has been elected to membership in the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers according to the listing of new members in the November issue of their journal. Mr. Wright, an above average stu dent carrying a full load in Industrial Arts, is a Motion Picture Projectionist, not only in the College Motion Pic ture activity, but also in the Virginia- Carolina Amusement Company. He is a regular projectionist at the Gaie ty Theater, and has also been used regularly in every theater in Elizabeth City. His rating is excellent as a pro jectionist. He has visited projection booths in many theaters on the East Coast and has been a guest of the Projectionist at Radio City on visits to that theater. Wright states college teaching in the Audio Visual field as his vo cational objective, and he hopes to de velop an excellent Audio-Visual Cen- Mr. Wright is a graduate of P. W. Moore High School, Elizabeth City, North Carolina, and is the son of Mr. Roosevelt R. Wright, Sr. PTA Holds District Meet The North Carolina Congress of Colored Parents and Teachers held a district meeting at the College on February 9. The theme for the Workshop held in three sessions was “Education Meets the Challenge of Change.” Group leaders for the three divi sions were: Mrs. Georgia Barbee, Mr. H. D. Cooper, and Mrs. Elizabeth Byrd. Several consultants from the College Staff made interesting con tributions to the meeting. The trophy for the highest record of attendance this year was awarded to Powellsville. Six hundred and twen ty-five members of the Powellsville P.T.A. were registered as belonging to the Congress. GREEKS Members of the team, known as the Alpha Jewels, are: Robert Baker, Norris Francis, Alvin Griffin, Roscoe Hager, James Hand, Matthew Lewis, Colbert Minga, Alfred Pearson, and James Terrell. Five Become Pyramids The Elizabeth City State Teachers College Chapter of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority inducted five members into the Pyramid Club on Friday, Decem ber 21, at 6 o’clock a.m. These members are: Lucy Edwards, president; Doris Simmons, vice-presi dent; Beulah Parker, secretary; Mary Mizzele, treasurer; and Laura Walton, reporter. ; 4 Prepare for CSPA Meet Each year for the past eleven years the members of the college newspaper staff have represented Elizabeth City Sttae Teachers College at the Colum bia Scholastic Press Association held at Columbia University in the city of New York. The CSPA was organized by Colo nel Joseph M. Murphy. In 1924, Mr. Murphy established a small, regional press association in Massachusetts. The purpose was to give awards to good student newspapers in the state. He later went to Columbia University to study for his post graduate degree. It was then that he and a small group of Columbia officials agreed upon the Columbia Scholastic Press Association. The Association has grown tremendously since that time. As a result of attending the con vention, these Compass members learn some of the modern trends in con structing college newspapers. They converse with student from various sections of the country, exchanging beneficial journalistic ideas. The re presentatives of the “Compass” also have an opportunity to have their own paper evaluated, along with papers from other colleges. This helps in the improvement of the “Compass,” since the strong and the weak points are discussed. The convention is very well organized with panelists and well known personalities from the journa listic world. This year four members of the “Compass” will attend the 39th an nual CSPA Convention, March 14- 16. On the basis of their contributions to the “C o m p a s s,” Ulysses Bell, Editor-in-chief for 1963-1964; Thelma Howard, literary editor; Louvellia Johnson, reporter; and Annie Ruth Lea, secretary and society editor have been chosen by the staff to attend the covention. These representatives of the “Compass” will bring back to the staff and the college an abund ance of interesting and useful informa tion. Has Book Published N. Verrle McCullough, former member of the English Staff of the college has had published recently “the first booklength study of an im portant, but often neglected aspect of English literature.” The work is The Negro in English Literature, and the publishers Messrs. Arthur H. Stock- well of Elms Court, Infracombe, De vonshire, England. The author holds the B.S., B.A. and Ph. D degrees, and has for several years been an outstanding teacher in American colleges and universities. He belongs to many academic and professional societies and has pub lished a number of articles in journals of these organizations. Two other works are The Other Side of Hell published during his years at ESTC, and later. Lemons on the Rosebush. In announcing the book Messrs. Stockwell say: “Most works of the type are so befuddled with ‘namby- pamby’ and ‘mumbo-jumboistic’ jar gon of academicism that the average lay reader avoids the work. Here, however, the author has eschewed this method, though ample notes and re ferences are supplied at the end of the volume. Thus the work was de signed for both the scholar and the general reader.” (176 pp. $2.50) Correction! The article “Cinema Presentation for Christmas Holiday Festivity, which appeared on page four of the December issue of “The Compass was written by Roosevelt Wright, a junior from Elizabeth City. SUPPORT THE HEART FUND Alpha Phi News The Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity has organized a basketball team that start this school | is competing in the college Intramural Basketball Program.
Elizabeth City State University Student Newspaper
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Feb. 1, 1963, edition 1
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