Friday, July 18, 1958
THE NEW BERN MIRROR, NEW BERN, N. C.
Page 5
You Can Sterilize a Little Bit of Soil
By M. E. GARDNER
N. C. State Collage
A frequent question: “How can
I sterilize small quantities of soil?’’
Soil sterilization is important to kill
soil-borne disease organisms and
nematodes. It is comparatively sim
ple to accomplish and 'I suggest
three methods for use around the
home.
The first—Prepare your soil and
place in boxes, or containers in
which the plants are to grow. Place
these in a pre-heated' oven at a
temperature of 160 degrees F. for
30 minutes.
The second—^Use a large contain
er and place the boxes or pots of
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soil in a rack with water below the
rack. Bring the water to the boiling
point and steam tbe soil for a least
one hour.
The third—A chemical method
using formalin (formaldehyde). Use
one part of formalin to five parts
I of "water. This will be your basic
formulation. Add 2% tablespoons
of this solution to each bushel of
soil to be treated. Two methods are
suggested. Place the soil on a con
crete floor, sprinkle the solution
over the soil and mix thoroughly
with a shovel. Or, place the soil
on a piece of heavy canvass and
roll it by holding the corners. In
either case, place the soil in a
tight container for 24 hours. Then
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remove the cover and let some of
the gas escape. After this is done,
turn the soil out of the container
and turn several times with a shov
el, or on canvas, until the odor
of the formalin is completely gone.
A large garbage or trash can may
be used to advantage.
Watch out for aphids, red spider
mites, lace bugs, bean beetles and
all the rest. Malathion will control
many of the common pests. Harvest
sweet corn at the proper stage of
maturity for flavor and quality and
keep it cool in order to preserve
the sugar content. I reminded you
last week about preparing for the
fall garden, so don’t forget to do
this. You will be glad you did.
Note Decline for
Poultry Diseases
A sharp drop in the mortality
rate of chicks and layers has been
cited as one of the biggest contrib
utors to the booming North Caro
lina poultry industry.
In fact, C. F. Parrjs, in charge of
poultry for the N. C. Agricultural
Extension Service says the mortali
ty rate in laying houses has drop
ped by 40 per cent since 1940.
Parris, quoting figures released
by L. J. Fourie of the N. C. Depart
ment of Agriculture, points out that
in 1945 only 500,000 birds on North
Carolina farms were given blood
tests.
By 1957 the number had increas
ed to nearly three million.
There is also a very significant
difference in the birds tested in
1945 and 1957, Parrish added. In
1945 and 1957, Parris added'. In
of every 10,000 suffering from Pul-
lorum-Typhoid. Now the disease is
found in only one bird out of ev
ery 10,000.
Parris attributed much of the
progress in eradicating the disease
t(T supply flock owners and hatch-
erymen, who had adhered to" very
strict selection- and disease control
progranjs.
Horizontal Silos _ Becoming
Popular on Tar Heel Farms
Mention silo and most people au
tomatically think of an upright
cylinder. But, silqg of the horizontal
type, such as trench and bunker,
have become nSore and more promi-
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Lower initial cost and the possi
bilities of mechanized filling and
feeding, or self feeding of the sil
age, have been attracting many
Tar Heel farmers to the idea of
bunker or trench silos.
How good are these newer type
silos? Guy S. Pearsons, dairy spe
cialist for the N. C. Agricultural
Extension Service, says that the
effectiveness of the various struc
tures in preserving dry matter of
grass silage depends to a consid
erable extent upon the techniques
and management of the farmer at
time of making silage. He needs to
be more careful in making silage
in the horizontal type silo because
of lack of weight from depth of
silage as well as the greater sur
face area exposed.
These two disadvantages can be
partially overcome by packing the
silage with a tractor. during the
filling process and by covering the
surface of the silage with plastic
covers held in place with material
such as sawdust, Parsbns adds.
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Prospects Good
For Little Damage
From Boll Weevil
The cotton boll weevil situation
still looks good, according to ex
perts. Last winter’s severe freezes
apparently greatly reduced the
numbers of the pesky insects.
George Jones, in charge of ento-
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If it Isn't the girl's fault it
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trouble.
Owen G. Dunn Co.
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PRINTING
mology for the N. C. Agricultural
Extension Service at State college,
says that now that plants are form
ing cotton squares in abundance he
is in a better position to evaluate
the weevil problem. Here’s the pic-
(Continued on back page)
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